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Update config merging documentation with cloud-config syntax fix. Add an
example showing how to merge two files with runcmd.
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AWS EC2 instances' network come in 2 basic flavors: Classic and VPC
(Virtual Private Cloud). The former has an interesting behavior of having
its MAC address changed whenever the instance is stopped/restarted. This
behavior is not observed in VPC instances.
In Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic) the network "management" changed from ENI-style
(etc/network/interfaces) to netplan, and when using netplan we observe
the following block present in /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml:
match:
macaddress: aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff
Jani Ollikainen noticed in Launchpad bug #1802073 that the EC2 Classic
instances were booting without network access in Bionic after stop/restart
procedure, due to their MAC address change behavior. It was narrowed down
to the netplan MAC match block, that kept the old MAC address after
stopping and restarting an instance, since the network configuration
writing happens by default only once in EC2 instances, in the first boot.
This patch changes the network configuration write to every boot in EC2
Classic instances, by checking against the "vpc-id" metadata information
provided only in the VPC instances - if we don't have this metadata value,
cloud-init will rewrite the network configuration file in every boot.
This was tested in an EC2 Classic instance and proved to fix the issue;
unit tests were also added for the new method is_classic_instance().
LP: #1802073
Reported-by: Jani Ollikainen <jani.ollikainen@ik.fi>
Suggested-by: Ryan Harper <ryan.harper@canonical.com>
Co-developed-by: Chad Smith <chad.smith@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Guilherme G. Piccoli <gpiccoli@canonical.com>
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LP: #1802188
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This adds documentation intended for a developer on how to add
a new datasource to cloud-init.
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The change to datasources.rst here is obvious typo fix.
The change to azure is to reduce the two 'Customization' sections
to a single and clean up some other duplicate text.
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According to the examples in the page, v1 network config DNS should
be defined using the dns_nameservers. The singular dns_nameserver is
undefined.
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Emit a permissions error instead of "Missing instance-data.json" when
non-root user doesn't have read-permission on
/run/cloud-init/instance-data.json
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The docs for network v1 config contained a errant ':'. Simply drop it.
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Azure generates network configuration from the IMDS service and removes
any preexisting hotplug network scripts which exist in Azure cloud images.
Add a datasource configuration option which allows for writing a default
network configuration which sets up dhcp on eth0 and leave the hotplug
handling to the cloud-image scripts.
To disable network-config from Azure IMDS, add the following to
/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-azure-no-imds-network.cfg:
datasource:
Azure:
apply_network_config: False
LP: #1798424
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Add the following instance-data.json standardized keys:
* v1._beta_keys: List any v1 keys in beta development,
e.g. ['subplatform'].
* v1.public_ssh_keys: List of any cloud-provided ssh keys for the
instance.
* v1.platform: String representing the cloud platform api supporting the
datasource. For example: 'ec2' for aws, aliyun and brightbox cloud
names.
* v1.subplatform: String with more details about the source of the
metadata consumed. For example, metadata uri, config drive device path
or seed directory.
To support the new platform and subplatform standardized instance-data,
DataSource and its subclasses grew platform and subplatform attributes.
The platform attribute defaults to the lowercase string datasource name at
self.dsname. This method is overridden in NoCloud, Ec2 and ConfigDrive
datasources.
The subplatform attribute calls a _get_subplatform method which will
return a string containing a simple slug for subplatform type such as
metadata, seed-dir or config-drive followed by a detailed uri, device or
directory path where the datasource consumed its configuration.
As part of this work, DatasourceEC2 methods _get_data and _crawl_metadata
have been refactored for a few reasons:
- crawl_metadata is now a read-only operation, persisting no attributes on
the datasource instance and returns a dictionary of consumed metadata.
- crawl_metadata now closely represents the raw stucture of the ec2
metadata consumed, so that end-users can leverage public ec2 metadata
documentation where possible.
- crawl_metadata adds a '_metadata_api_version' key to the crawled
ds.metadata to advertise what version of EC2's api was consumed by
cloud-init.
- _get_data now does all the processing of crawl_metadata and saves
datasource instance attributes userdata_raw, metadata etc.
Additional drive-bys:
* unit test rework for test_altcloud and test_azure to simplify mocks
and make use of existing util and test_helpers functions.
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Cloud-init caches any cloud metadata crawled during boot in the file
/run/cloud-init/instance-data.json. Cloud-init also standardizes some of
that metadata across all clouds. The command 'cloud-init query' surfaces a
simple CLI to query or format any cached instance metadata so that scripts
or end-users do not have to write tools to crawl metadata themselves.
Since 'cloud-init query' is runnable by non-root users, redact any
sensitive data from instance-data.json and provide a root-readable
unredacted instance-data-sensitive.json. Datasources can now define a
sensitive_metadata_keys tuple which will redact any matching keys
which could contain passwords or credentials from instance-data.json.
Also add the following standardized 'v1' instance-data.json keys:
- user_data: The base64encoded user-data provided at instance launch
- vendor_data: Any vendor_data provided to the instance at launch
- underscore_delimited versions of existing hyphenated keys:
instance_id, local_hostname, availability_zone, cloud_name
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Allow users to provide '## template: jinja' as the first line or their
#cloud-config or custom script user-data parts. When this header exists,
the cloud-config or script will be rendered as a jinja template.
All instance metadata keys and values present in
/run/cloud-init/instance-data.json will be available as jinja variables
for the template. This means any cloud-config module or script can
reference any standardized instance data in templates and scripts.
Additionally, any standardized instance-data.json keys scoped below a
'<v#>' key will be promoted as a top-level key for ease of reference in
templates. This means that '{{ local_hostname }}' is the same as using the
latest '{{ v#.local_hostname }}'.
Since instance-data is written to /run/cloud-init/instance-data.json, make
sure it is persisted across reboots when the cached datasource opject is
reloaded.
LP: #1791781
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This adds a Oracle specific datasource that functions with OCI.
It is a simplified version of the OpenStack metadata server
with support for vendor-data.
It does not support the OCI-C (classic) platform.
Also here is a move of BrokenMetadata to common 'sources'
as this was the third occurrence of that class.
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Fix a typo in in documentation that showed 'analyze blame' but
intended to show 'analyze dump'.
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OpenStack datasource is now discovered in init-local stage. In order to
probe whether OpenStack metadata is present, it performs a costly
sandboxed dhclient setup and metadata probe against http://169.254.169.254
for openstack data.
Cloud-init properly detects non-OpenStack on EC2, but it spends precious
time probing the metadata service also resulting in a confusing WARNING
log about 'metadata not present'. To avoid the wasted cycles, and
confusing warning, get_data will call a detect_openstack function to
quickly determine whether the platform looks like OpenStack before trying
to setup network to probe and crawl the metadata service.
LP: #1776701
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By default, integration tests destroy the test instances after each
test run. To aid debug and development of integration tests, support a
--preserve-instance argument which will leave the modified test instance
in a stopped state for further debug.
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When network configuration for any interface defines maximum transmission
values (MTU) the netplan, eni and sysconfig renders will take into account
any device-level, or subnet-level mtu values.
When network configuration has conflicting device-level and ipv4 subnet
mtu values, the subnet-specific value is honored and a warning will be
logged about any ignored device-level setting.
LP: #1774666
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Also document instance-data.json on the top-level datasource topic page.
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Just add some documentation to readthedocs for AliYun.
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Fix link to external openstack resource and to internal vendor data.
LP: #1721660
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ubuntu-advantage-tools is a package for enabling and disabling extended
support services such as Extended Security Maintenance (ESM), Canonical
Livepatch and FIPS certified PPAs. Simplify Ubuntu Advantage setup on
machines by allowing users to provide a list of ubuntu-advantage commands
in cloud-config.
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Support installing and configuring snaps on ubuntu systems. Now,
cloud-config files can provide a list or dictionary of snap:assertions
which will be allow configuration of snapd on a system via 'snap ack'
calls. The snap:commands configuration option supports arbitrary system
commands intended to interact with snappy's cli. This allows users to run
arbitrary snappy commands to create users, download, install and
configure snap packages and snapd.
This branch also deprecates old snappy and snap_config modules leaving
warnings in documentation and runtime for consumers of these modules.
Deprecated snap* modules will be dropped in cloud-init v.18.2 release.
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Building doc would issue some warnings. This fixes all the warnings,
and changes the "code blocks" that were listed as 'bash' to instead
be 'shell-session'.
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Give a bit more detailed information which others can quickly reference to
discover new CLI subcommand functionality. This section was a bit stale as
we've introduced cloud-init status, clean and analyze content that was a
bit under represented. Since we've had a few request of externals who try
to run cloud-init subcommands on the commandline instead of rebooting,
it's probably worth a bit of content here to describe how those init and
module subcommands work.
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Fix obvious typos. Replace 'for for' with a 'for'.
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This enables integration tests to utilize AWS EC2 as a testing platform by
utilizing the boto3 Python library.
Usage will create and delete a custom VPC for every run. All resources
will be tagged with the ec2 tag, 'cii', and the date (e.g.
cii-20171220-102452). The VPC is setup with both IPv4 and IPv6
capabilities, but will only hand out IPv4 addresses by default. Instances
will have complete Internet access and have full ingress and egress access
(i.e. no firewall).
SSH keys are generated with each run of the integration tests with the key
getting uploaded to AWS at the start of tests and deleted on exit. To
enable creation when the platform is setup the SSH generation code is
moved to be completed by the platform setup and not during image setup.
The nocloud-kvm platform was updated with this change.
Creating a custom image will utilize the same clean script,
boot_clean_script, that the LXD platform uses as well. The custom AMI is
generated, used, and de-registered after a test run.
The default instance type is set to t2.micro. This is one of the smallest
instance types and is free tier eligible.
The default timeout for ec2 was increased to 300 from 120 as many tests
hit up against the 2 minute timeout and depending on region load can
go over.
Documentation for the AWS platform was added with the expected
configuration files for the platform to be used. There are some
additional whitespace changes included as well.
pylint exception was added for paramiko and simplestreams. In the past
these were not already flagged due to no __init__.py in the subdirectories
of files that used these. boto3 was added to the list of dependencies in
the tox ci-test runner.
In order to grab console logs on EC2 the harness will now shut down an
instance before terminating and before collecting the console log. This
is to address a behavior of EC2 where the console log is refreshed very
infrequently, but one point when it is refreshed is after shutdown.
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Add some minimal documentation for GCE datasource.
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The ubuntu-init-switch module allowed the use to launch an instance that
was booted with upstart and have it switch its init system to systemd and
then reboot itself. It was only useful for the time period when Ubuntu was
transitioning to systemd but only produced images using upstart.
Also, do not run setup with --init-system=upstart. This means that by
default, debian packages built with packages/bddeb will not have upstart
unit files included. No other removal is done here.
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Update user data 'include file' format documentation to explain the
behavior that occurs when an error occurs while reading a file.
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This branch does a few things:
- Add 'schema' subcommand to cloud-init CLI for validating
cloud-config files against strict module jsonschema definitions
- Add --annotate parameter to 'cloud-init schema' to annotate
existing cloud-config file content with validation errors
- Add jsonschema definition to cc_runcmd
- Add unit test coverage for cc_runcmd
- Update CLI capabilities documentation
This branch only imports development (and analyze) subparsers when the
specific subcommand is provided on the CLI to avoid adding costly unused
file imports during cloud-init system boot.
The schema command allows a person to quickly validate a cloud-config text
file against cloud-init's known module schemas to avoid costly roundtrips
deploying instances in their cloud of choice. As of this branch, only
cc_ntp and cc_runcmd cloud-config modules define schemas. Schema
validation will ignore all undefined config keys until all modules define
a strict schema.
To perform validation of runcmd and ntp sections of a cloud-config file:
$ cat > cloud.cfg <<EOF
runcmd: bogus
EOF
$ python -m cloudinit.cmd.main schema --config-file cloud.cfg
$ python -m cloudinit.cmd.main schema --config-file cloud.cfg \
--annotate
Once jsonschema is defined for all ~55 cc modules, we will move this
schema subcommand up as a proper subcommand of the cloud-init CLI.
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This branch adds cloudinit-analyze into cloud-init proper. It adds an
"analyze" subcommand to the cloud-init command line utility for quick
performance assessment of cloud-init stages and events.
On a cloud-init configured instance, running "cloud-init analyze blame"
will now report which cloud-init events cost the most wall time. This
allows for quick assessment of the most costly stages of cloud-init.
This functionality is pulled from Ryan Harper's analyze work.
The cloudinit-analyze main script itself has been refactored a bit for
inclusion as a subcommand of cloud-init CLI. There will be a followup
branch at some point which will optionally instrument detailed strace
profiling, but that approach needs a bit more discussion first.
This branch also adds:
* additional debugging topic to the sphinx-generated docs describing
cloud-init analyze, dump and show as well as cloud-init single usage.
* Updates the Makefile unittests target to include cloudinit directory
because we now have unittests within that package.
LP: #1709761
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example
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Add permitted keys to documentation on seeding NoCloud.
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We have started adding jsonschema definitions for cloudconfig modules
(cc_ntp). This branch allows us render sphinx docs using the module's
shema definition instead of using the module's docstring.
This allows us to avoid duplicating schema documentation in the
module-level docstring and schema definition. The corresponding module
documentation is extended a bit to differentiate between config schema and
potential examples.
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Massive update to clean up and greatly enhance the integration testing
framework developed by Wesley Wiedenmeier.
- Updated tox environment to run integration test 'citest' to utilize
pylxd 2.2.3
- Add support for distro feature flags
- add framework for feature flags to release config with feature groups
and overrides allowed in any release conf override level
- add support for feature flags in platform and config handling
- during collect, skip testcases that require features not supported by
the image with a warning message
- Enable additional distros (i.e. centos, debian)
- Add 'bddeb' command to build a deb from the current working tree
cleanly in a container, so deps do not have to be installed on host
- Adds a command line option '--preserve-data' that ensures that
collected data will be left after tests run. This also allows the
directory to store collected data in during the run command to be
specified using '--data-dir'.
- Updated Read the Docs testing page and doc strings for pep 257
compliance
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This allows the user to seed NoCloud in a trivial way from qemu/libvirt,
by using a stock image and passing a single command line flag. No custom
command line, no filesystem modification, no bootstrap disk image.
This is particularly handy now that Ec2 backend is discouraged from use
under bug 1660385.
LP: #1691772
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Add documentation for cloud-init networking configuration formats, default
behavior, policy and other specific details about how network config is
consumed and utilized.
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Includes missing examples for RTD, including
examples for datasources, disk partitions and apt update.
Also fix doc in cloud-config-update-apt.txt.
LP: #1459604
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Also add integration test. Note: this new test is not comprehensive; it
simply ensures that the example chef configuration does not blow up and
that chef seems to be installed after its completion.
This new test is disabled by default as it depends on a 3rd party
repository.
LP: #1678145
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Move merging.rst into doc/rtd/topics with small fixes.
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The ConfigDrive datasource has read un-partitioned disks for quite
a while, but the documentation lagged behind.
LP: #1673818
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Add instructions on how to run the cii tests to the docs.
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This exposes a mechanism for users of cloud-init to determine if
a version has a specific feature, and adds documentation to that affect.
We list an existing feature NETWORK_CONFIG_V1 as an example.
Also add a 'features' subcommand for listing these to stdout.
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* Fix small typo
* Fix ISO-Filename for consistency
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The existing documentation referred to a handle_type method when it
really should be handle_part. It also referred to 'methods' when it
really should say 'functions' to be clear (while it's true the built-in
handlers are classes with methods of these names, in this context we
mean module-level functions).
Also clarified that a part-handler should come before the parts that
it handles, and can override built-in handlers.
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This just fills out some of the documentation on the OpenStack datasource.
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