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authorChristian Poessinger <christian@poessinger.com>2018-10-01 13:25:33 +0200
committerChristian Poessinger <christian@poessinger.com>2018-10-01 13:25:33 +0200
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+Network Interfaces
+==================
+
+Configured interfaces on a VyOS system can be displayed using the `show
+interfaces` command.
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces
+ Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down
+ Interface IP Address S/L Description
+ --------- ---------- --- -----------
+ eth0 172.16.51.129/24 u/u OUTSIDE
+ eth1 192.168.0.1/24 u/u INSIDE
+ lo 127.0.0.1/8 u/u
+ ::1/128
+ vyos@vyos:~$
+
+A specific interface can be shown using the `show interfaces <type> <name>`
+command.
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces ethernet eth0
+ eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
+ link/ether 00:0c:29:44:3b:0f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
+ inet 172.16.51.129/24 brd 172.16.51.255 scope global eth0
+ inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe44:3b0f/64 scope link
+ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
+ Description: OUTSIDE
+
+ RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
+ 274397 3064 0 0 0 0
+ TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collisions
+ 257276 1890 0 0 0 0
+ vyos@vyos:~$
+
+Each interface can be configured with a description and address.
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ set interfaces ethernet eth0 description 'OUTSIDE'
+ set interfaces ethernet eth0 address 'dhcp'
+
+Different network interfaces provide type-specific configuration. Ethernet
+interfaces, for example, allow the configuration of speed and duplex.
+
+Many services, such as network routing, firewall, and traffic policy also
+maintain interface-specific configuration. These will be covered in their
+respective sections.
+
+Ethernet Interfaces
+-------------------
+
+Ethernet interfaces allow for the configuration of speed, duplex, and hw-id
+(MAC address). Below is an example configuration:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ set interfaces ethernet eth1 address '192.168.0.1/24'
+ set interfaces ethernet eth1 description 'INSIDE'
+ set interfaces ethernet eth1 duplex 'auto'
+ set interfaces ethernet eth1 speed 'auto'
+
+Resulting in:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+ ethernet eth1 {
+ address 192.168.0.1/24
+ description INSIDE
+ duplex auto
+ hw-id 00:0c:29:44:3b:19
+ smp_affinity auto
+ speed auto
+ }
+
+In addition, Ethernet interfaces provide the extended operational commands
+`show interfaces ethernet <name> physical` and `show interfaces ethernet <name>
+statistics`. Statistics available are driver dependent.
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces ethernet eth0 physical
+ Settings for eth0:
+ Supported ports: [ TP ]
+ Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
+ 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
+ 1000baseT/Full
+ Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
+ Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
+ 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
+ 1000baseT/Full
+ Advertised pause frame use: No
+ Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
+ Speed: 1000Mb/s
+ Duplex: Full
+ Port: Twisted Pair
+ PHYAD: 0
+ Transceiver: internal
+ Auto-negotiation: on
+ MDI-X: Unknown
+ Supports Wake-on: d
+ Wake-on: d
+ Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
+ Link detected: yes
+ driver: e1000
+ version: 7.3.21-k8-NAPI
+ firmware-version:
+ bus-info: 0000:02:01.0
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces ethernet eth0 statistics
+ NIC statistics:
+ rx_packets: 3530
+ tx_packets: 2179
+ [...]
+
+VLAN Sub-Interfaces (802.1Q)
+----------------------------
+
+802.1Q VLAN interfaces are represented as virtual sub-interfaces in VyOS. The
+term used for this is `vif`. Configuration of a tagged sub-interface is
+accomplished using the configuration command `set interfaces ethernet <name>
+vif <vlan-id>`.
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ set interfaces ethernet eth1 vif 100 description 'VLAN 100'
+ set interfaces ethernet eth1 vif 100 address '192.168.100.1/24'
+
+Resulting in:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ ethernet eth1 {
+ address 192.168.0.1/24
+ description INSIDE
+ duplex auto
+ hw-id 00:0c:29:44:3b:19
+ smp_affinity auto
+ speed auto
+ vif 100 {
+ address 192.168.100.1/24
+ description "VLAN 100"
+ }
+ }
+
+VLAN interfaces are shown as <name>.<vlan-id>, e.g. eth1.100:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces
+ Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down
+ Interface IP Address S/L Description
+ --------- ---------- --- -----------
+ eth0 172.16.51.129/24 u/u OUTSIDE
+ eth1 192.168.0.1/24 u/u INSIDE
+ eth1.100 192.168.100.1/24 u/u VLAN 100
+ lo 127.0.0.1/8 u/u
+ ::1/128
+Bridging
+--------
+
+Interfaces in VyOS can be bridged together to provide software switching of
+Layer-2 traffic.
+
+A bridge is created when a bridge interface is defined. In the example below
+we will be creating a bridge for VLAN 100 and assigning a VIF to the bridge.
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ set interfaces bridge 'br100'
+ set interfaces ethernet eth1 vif 100 bridge-group bridge br100
+
+Interfaces assigned to a bridge-group do not have address configuration. An IP
+address can be assigned to the bridge interface itself, however, like any
+normal interface.
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ set interfaces bridge br100 address '192.168.100.1/24'
+
+Example Result:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ bridge br100 {
+ address 192.168.100.1/24
+ }
+ [...]
+ ethernet eth1 {
+ [...]
+ vif 100 {
+ bridge-group {
+ bridge br100
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+In addition to normal IP interface configuration, bridge interfaces support
+Spanning-Tree Protocol. STP is disabled by default.
+
+**NOTE:** Please use caution when introducing spanning-tree protocol on a
+network as it may result in topology changes.
+
+To enable spanning-tree use the `set interfaces bridge <name> stp true` command:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ set interfaces bridge br100 stp true
+
+STP `priority`, `forwarding-delay`, `hello-time`, and `max-age` can be
+configured for the bridge-group. The MAC aging time can also be configured
+using the `aging` directive.
+
+For member interfaces, the bridge-group `priority` and `cost` can be configured.
+
+The `show bridge` operational command can be used to display configured bridges:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ show bridge
+ bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
+ br100 0000.000c29443b19 yes eth1.100
+
+If spanning-tree is enabled, the `show bridge <name> spanning-tree` command
+can be used to show STP configuration:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ show bridge br100 spanning-tree
+ br100
+ bridge id 0000.000c29443b19
+ designated root 0000.000c29443b19
+ root port 0 path cost 0
+ max age 20.00 bridge max age 20.00
+ hello time 2.00 bridge hello time 2.00
+ forward delay 15.00 bridge forward delay 15.00
+ ageing time 300.00
+ hello timer 0.47 tcn timer 0.00
+ topology change timer 0.00 gc timer 64.63
+ flags
+
+ eth1.100 (1)
+ port id 8001 state forwarding
+ designated root 0000.000c29443b19 path cost 4
+ designated bridge 0000.000c29443b19 message age timer 0.00
+ designated port 8001 forward delay timer 0.00
+ designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00
+ flags
+
+The MAC address-table for a bridge can be displayed using the `show bridge
+<name> macs` command:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ show bridge br100 macs
+ port no mac addr is local? ageing timer
+ 1 00:0c:29:44:3b:19 yes 0.00
+
+Bonding
+-------
+
+You can combine (aggregate) 2 or more physical interfaces into a single
+logical one. It's called bonding, or LAG, or ether-channel, or port-channel.
+
+Create interface bondX, where X is just a number:
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ set interfaces bonding bond0 description 'my-sw1 int 23 and 24'
+
+You are able to choose a hash policy:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos# set interfaces bonding bond0 hash-policy
+ Possible completions:
+ layer2 use MAC addresses to generate the hash (802.3ad)
+ layer2+3 combine MAC address and IP address to make hash
+ layer3+4 combine IP address and port to make hash
+
+For example:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ set interfaces bonding bond0 hash-policy 'layer2'
+
+You may want to set IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation (802.3ad) AKA LACP
+(don't forget to setup it on the other end of these links):
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ set interfaces bonding bond0 mode '802.3ad'
+
+or some other modes:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos# set interfaces bonding bond0 mode
+ Possible completions:
+ 802.3ad IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation (Default)
+ active-backup
+ Fault tolerant: only one slave in the bond is active
+ broadcast Fault tolerant: transmits everything on all slave interfaces
+ round-robin Load balance: transmit packets in sequential order
+ transmit-load-balance
+ Load balance: adapts based on transmit load and speed
+ adaptive-load-balance
+ Load balance: adapts based on transmit and receive plus ARP
+ xor-hash Load balance: distribute based on MAC address
+
+Now bond some physical interfaces into bond0:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ set interfaces ethernet eth0 bond-group 'bond0'
+ set interfaces ethernet eth0 description 'member of bond0'
+ set interfaces ethernet eth1 bond-group 'bond0'
+ set interfaces ethernet eth1 description 'member of bond0'
+
+After a commit you may treat bond0 as almost a physical interface (you can't
+change its` duplex, for example) and assign IPs or VIFs on it.
+
+You may check the result:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos# run sh interfaces bonding
+ Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down
+ Interface IP Address S/L Description
+ --------- ---------- --- -----------
+ bond0 - u/u my-sw1 int 23 and 24
+ bond0.10 192.168.0.1/24 u/u office-net
+ bond0.100 10.10.10.1/24 u/u management-net
+
+Tunnel Interfaces
+-----------------
+
+Set Virtual Tunnel interface
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ set interfaces vti vti0 address 192.168.2.249/30
+
+Results in:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+
+ vyos@vyos# show interfaces vti
+ vti vti0 {
+ address 192.168.2.249/30
+ description "Description"
+ }
+