contributing: clear structure

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+.. _testing:
+
+#######
+Testing
+#######
+
+One of the major advantages introduced in VyOS 1.3 is an autmated test framework.
+When assembling an ISO image multiple things can go wrong badly and publishing
+a faulty ISO makes no sense. The user is disappointed by the quality of the image
+and the developers get flodded with bug reports over and over again.
+
+As the VyOS documentation is not only for users but also for the developers -
+and we keep no secret documentation - this section describes how the automated
+testing works.
+
+Jenkins CI
+==========
+
+Our `VyOS CI`_ system is based on Jenkins and builds all our required packages
+for VyOS 1.2 to 1.4. In addition to the package build, there is the vyos-build
+Job which builds and tests the VyOS ISO image which is published after a
+successfull test drive.
+
+We differentiate in two independent tests, which are both run in parallel by
+two separate QEmu instances which are launched via ``make test`` and ``make
+testc`` from within the vyos-build_ repository.
+
+Smoketests
+==========
+
+Smoketests executes predefined VyOS CLI commands and checks if the desired
+daemon/service configuration is rendert - that is how to put it "short".
+
+When and ISO image is assembled by the `VyOS CI`_, the ``BUILD_SMOKETEST``
+parameter is enabled by default, which will extend the ISO configuration line
+with the following packages:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+  def CUSTOM_PACKAGES = ''
+    if (params.BUILD_SMOKETESTS)
+      CUSTOM_PACKAGES = '--custom-package vyos-1x-smoketest'
+
+So if you plan to build your own custom ISO image and wan't to make use of our
+smoketests, ensure that you have the `vyos-1x-smoketest` package installed.
+
+The ``make test`` command from the vyos-build_ repository will launch a new
+QEmu instance and the ISO image is first installed to the virtual harddisk.
+
+After its first boot into the newly installed system the main Smoketest script
+is executed, it can be found here: `/usr/bin/vyos-smoketest`
+
+The script only searches for executable "test-cases" under
+``/usr/libexec/vyos/tests/smoke/cli/`` and executes them one by one.
+
+.. note:: As Smoketests will alter the system configuration and you are logged
+   in remote you may loose your connection to the system.
+
+Manual Smoketest Run
+--------------------
+
+On the other hand - as each test is contain in its own file - one can always
+execute a single Smoketest by hand by simply running the Python test scripts.
+
+Example:
+
+.. code-block:: none
+
+  vyos@vyos:~$ /usr/libexec/vyos/tests/smoke/cli/test_protocols_bgp.py
+  test_bgp_01_simple (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+  test_bgp_02_neighbors (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+  test_bgp_03_peer_groups (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+  test_bgp_04_afi_ipv4 (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+  test_bgp_05_afi_ipv6 (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+  test_bgp_06_listen_range (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+  test_bgp_07_l2vpn_evpn (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+  test_bgp_08_zebra_route_map (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+  test_bgp_09_distance_and_flowspec (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+  test_bgp_10_vrf_simple (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+  test_bgp_11_confederation (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+  test_bgp_12_v6_link_local (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+  test_bgp_13_solo (__main__.TestProtocolsBGP) ... ok
+
+  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Ran 13 tests in 348.191s
+
+  OK
+
+Interface based tests
+---------------------
+
+Our smoketests not only test daemons and serives, but also check if what we
+configure for an interface works. Thus there is a common base classed named:
+``base_interfaces_test.py`` which holds all the common code that an interface
+supports and is tested.
+
+Those common tests consists out of:
+
+* Add one or more IP addresses
+* DHCP client and DHCPv6 prefix delegation
+* MTU size
+* IP and IPv6 options
+* Port description
+* Port disable
+* VLANs (QinQ and regular 802.1q)
+* ...
+
+.. note:: When you are working on interface configuration and you also wan't to
+   test if the Smoketests pass you would normally loose the remote SSH connection
+   to your :abbr:`DUT (Device Under Test)`. To handle this issue, some of the
+   interface based tests can be called with an environment variable beforehand
+   to limit the number of interfaces used in the test. By default all interface
+   e.g. all Ethernet interfaces are used.
+
+.. code-block:: none
+
+  vyos@vyos:~$ TEST_ETH="eth1 eth2" /usr/libexec/vyos/tests/smoke/cli/test_interfaces_bonding.py
+  test_add_multiple_ip_addresses (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_add_single_ip_address (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_bonding_hash_policy (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_bonding_lacp_rate (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_bonding_min_links (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_bonding_remove_member (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_dhcpv6_client_options (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_dhcpv6pd_auto_sla_id (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_dhcpv6pd_manual_sla_id (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_interface_description (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_interface_disable (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_interface_ip_options (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_interface_ipv6_options (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_interface_mtu (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_ipv6_link_local_address (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_mtu_1200_no_ipv6_interface (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_span_mirror (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_vif_8021q_interfaces (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_vif_8021q_lower_up_down (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_vif_8021q_mtu_limits (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_vif_8021q_qos_change (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_vif_s_8021ad_vlan_interfaces (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+  test_vif_s_protocol_change (__main__.BondingInterfaceTest) ... ok
+
+  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Ran 23 tests in 244.694s
+
+  OK
+
+This will limit the `bond` interface test to only make use of `eth1` and `eth2`
+as member ports.
+
+Config Load Tests
+=================
+
+The other part of our tests are called "config load tests". The config load tests
+will load - one after another - arbitrary configuration files to test if the
+configuration migration scripts work as designed and that a given set of
+functionality still can be loaded with a fresh VyOS ISO image.
+
+The configurations are all derived from production systems and can not only act
+as a testcase but also as reference if one wants to enable a certain feature.
+The configurations can be found here:
+https://github.com/vyos/vyos-1x/tree/current/smoketest/configs
+
+The entire test is controlled by the main wrapper script ``/usr/bin/vyos-configtest``
+which behaves in the same way as the main smoketest script. It scans the folder
+for potential configuration files and issues a ``load`` command one after another.
+
+Manual config load test
+-----------------------
+
+One is not bound to load all configurations one after another but can also load
+individual test configurations on his own.
+
+.. code-block:: none
+
+  vyos@vyos:~$ configure
+  load[edit]
+
+  vyos@vyos# load /usr/libexec/vyos/tests/config/ospf-small
+  Loading configuration from '/usr/libexec/vyos/tests/config/ospf-small'
+  Load complete. Use 'commit' to make changes effective.
+  [edit]
+  vyos@vyos# compare
+  [edit interfaces ethernet eth0]
+  -hw-id 00:50:56:bf:c5:6d
+  [edit interfaces ethernet eth1]
+  +duplex auto
+  -hw-id 00:50:56:b3:38:c5
+  +speed auto
+  [edit interfaces]
+  -ethernet eth2 {
+  -    hw-id 00:50:56:b3:9c:1d
+  -}
+  -vti vti1 {
+  -    address 192.0.2.1/30
+  -}
+  ...
+
+  vyos@vyos# commit
+  vyos@vyos#
+
+.. note:: Some of the configurations have preconditions which need to be met.
+   Those most likely include generation of crypographic keys before the config
+   can be applied - you will get a commit error otherwise. If you are interested
+   how those preconditions are fulfilled check the vyos-build_ repository and
+   the ``scripts/check-qemu-install`` file.
+
+.. include:: /_include/common-references.txt