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authorChristian Poessinger <christian@poessinger.com>2019-05-28 22:15:34 +0200
committerChristian Poessinger <christian@poessinger.com>2019-05-28 22:15:34 +0200
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Appendix: create dedicated section in manual
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-.. _examples-zone-policy:
-
-Zone-Policy example
--------------------
-
-Native IPv4 and IPv6
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-We have three networks.
-
-.. code-block:: sh
-
- WAN - 172.16.10.0/24, 2001:0DB8:0:9999::0/64
- LAN - 192.168.100.0/24, 2001:0DB8:0:AAAA::0/64
- DMZ - 192.168.200.0/24, 2001:0DB8:0:BBBB::0/64
-
-
-This specific example is for a router on a stick, but is very easily adapted
-for however many NICs you have.
-
-[http://imgur.com/Alz1J.png Topology Image]
-
-The VyOS interface is assigned the .1/:1 address of their respective networks.
-WAN is on VLAN 10, LAN on VLAN 20, and DMZ on VLAN 30.
-
-It will look something like this:
-
-.. code-block:: sh
-
- interfaces {
- ethernet eth0 {
- duplex auto
- hw-id 00:0c:29:6e:2a:92
- smp_affinity auto
- speed auto
- vif 10 {
- address 172.16.10.1/24
- address 2001:db8:0:9999::1/64
- }
- vif 20 {
- address 192.168.100.1/24
- address 2001:db8:0:AAAA::1/64
- }
- vif 30 {
- address 192.168.200.1/24
- address 2001:db8:0:BBBB::1/64
- }
- }
- loopback lo {
- }
- }
-
-
-Zones Basics
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Each interface is assigned to a zone. The interface can be physical or virtual
-such as tunnels (VPN, pptp, gre, etc) and are treated exactly the same.
-
-Traffic flows from zone A to zone B. That flow is what I refer to as a
-zone-pair-direction. eg. A->B and B->A are two zone-pair-destinations.
-
-Ruleset are created per zone-pair-direction.
-
-I name rule sets to indicate which zone-pair-direction they represent. eg.
-ZoneA-ZoneB or ZoneB-ZoneA. LAN-DMZ, DMZ-LAN.
-
-In VyOS, you have to have unique Ruleset names. In the event of overlap, I
-add a "-6" to the end of v6 rulesets. eg. LAN-DMZ, LAN-DMZ-6. This allows for
-each auto-completion and uniqueness.
-
-In this example we have 4 zones. LAN, WAN, DMZ, Local. The local zone is the
-firewall itself.
-
-If your computer is on the LAN and you need to SSH into your VyOS box, you
-would need a rule to allow it in the LAN-Local ruleset. If you want to access
-a webpage from your VyOS box, you need a rule to allow it in the Local-LAN
-ruleset.
-
-In rules, it is good to keep them named consistently. As the number of rules
-you have grows, the more consistency you have, the easier your life will be.
-
-.. code-block:: sh
-
- Rule 1 - State Established, Related
- Rule 2 - State Invalid
- Rule 100 - ICMP
- Rule 200 - Web
- Rule 300 - FTP
- Rule 400 - NTP
- Rule 500 - SMTP
- Rule 600 - DNS
- Rule 700 - DHCP
- Rule 800 - SSH
- Rule 900 - IMAPS
-
-The first two rules are to deal with the idiosyncrasies of VyOS and iptables.
-
-Zones and Rulesets both have a default action statement. When using
-Zone-Policies, the default action is set by the zone-policy statement and is
-represented by rule 10000.
-
-It is good practice to log both accepted and denied traffic. It can save you
-significant headaches when trying to troubleshoot a connectivity issue.
-
-To add logging to the default rule, do:
-
-.. code-block:: sh
-
- set firewall name <ruleSet> enable-default-log
-
-
-By default, iptables does not allow traffic for established session to return,
-so you must explicitly allow this. I do this by adding two rules to every
-ruleset. 1 allows established and related state packets through and rule 2
-drops and logs invalid state packets. We place the established/related rule at
-the top because the vast majority of traffic on a network is established and
-the invalid rule to prevent invalid state packets from mistakenly being matched
-against other rules. Having the most matched rule listed first reduces CPU load
-in high volume environments. Note: I have filed a bug to have this added as a
-default action as well.
-
-''It is important to note, that you do not want to add logging to the
-established state rule as you will be logging both the inbound and outbound
-packets for each session instead of just the initiation of the session.
-Your logs will be massive in a very short period of time.''
-
-In VyOS you must have the interfaces created before you can apply it to the
-zone and the rulesets must be created prior to applying it to a zone-policy.
-
-I create/configure the interfaces first. Build out the rulesets for each
-zone-pair-direction which includes at least the three state rules. Then I setup
-the zone-policies.
-
-Zones do not allow for a default action of accept; either drop or reject.
-It is important to remember this because if you apply an interface to a zone
-and commit, any active connections will be dropped. Specifically, if you are
-SSH’d into VyOS and add local or the interface you are connecting through to a
-zone and do not have rulesets in place to allow SSH and established sessions,
-you will not be able to connect.
-
-The following are the rules that were created for this example
-(may not be complete), both in IPv4 and IPv6. If there is no IP specified,
-then the source/destination address is not explicit.
-
-.. code-block:: sh
-
- WAN – DMZ:192.168.200.200 – tcp/80
- WAN – DMZ:192.168.200.200 – tcp/443
- WAN – DMZ:192.168.200.200 – tcp/25
- WAN – DMZ:192.168.200.200 – tcp/53
- WAN – DMZ:2001:0DB8:0:BBBB::200 – tcp/80
- WAN – DMZ:2001:0DB8:0:BBBB::200 – tcp/443
- WAN – DMZ:2001:0DB8:0:BBBB::200 – tcp/25
- WAN – DMZ:2001:0DB8:0:BBBB::200 – tcp/53
-
- DMZ - Local - tcp/53
- DMZ - Local - tcp/123
- DMZ - Local - tcp/67,68
-
- LAN - Local - tcp/53
- LAN - Local - tcp/123
- LAN - Local - tcp/67,68
- LAN:192.168.100.10 - Local - tcp/22
- LAN:2001:0DB8:0:AAAA::10 - Local - tcp/22
-
- LAN - WAN - tcp/80
- LAN - WAN - tcp/443
- LAN - WAN - tcp/22
- LAN - WAN - tcp/20,21
-
- DMZ - WAN - tcp/80
- DMZ - WAN - tcp/443
- DMZ - WAN - tcp/22
- DMZ - WAN - tcp/20,21
- DMZ - WAN - tcp/53
- DMZ - WAN - udp/53
-
- Local - WAN - tcp/80
- Local - WAN - tcp/443
- Local - WAN - tcp/20,21
-
- Local - DMZ - tcp/25
- Local - DMZ - tcp/67,68
- Local - DMZ - tcp/53
- Local - DMZ - udp/53
-
- Local - LAN - tcp/67,68
-
- LAN - DMZ - tcp/80
- LAN - DMZ - tcp/443
- LAN - DMZ - tcp/993
- LAN:2001:0DB8:0:AAAA::10 - DMZ:2001:0DB8:0:BBBB::200 - tcp/22
- LAN:192.168.100.10 - DMZ:192.168.200.200 - tcp/22
-
-Since we have 4 zones, we need to setup the following rulesets.
-
-.. code-block:: sh
-
- Lan-wan
- Lan-local
- Lan-dmz
- Wan-lan
- Wan-local
- Wan-dmz
- Local-lan
- Local-wan
- Local-dmz
- Dmz-lan
- Dmz-wan
- Dmz-local
-
-Even if the two zones will never communicate, it is a good idea to create the
-zone-pair-direction rulesets and set enable-default-log. This will allow you to
-log attempts to access the networks. Without it, you will never see the
-connection attempts.
-
-This is an example of the three base rules.
-
-.. code-block:: sh
-
- name wan-lan {
- default-action drop
- enable-default-log
- rule 1 {
- action accept
- state {
- established enable
- related enable
- }
- }
- rule 2 {
- action drop
- log enable
- state {
- invalid enable
- }
- }
- }
-
-
-Here is an example of an IPv6 DMZ-WAN ruleset.
-
-.. code-block:: sh
-
- ipv6-name dmz-wan-6 {
- default-action drop
- enable-default-log
- rule 1 {
- action accept
- state {
- established enable
- related enable
- }
- }
- rule 2 {
- action drop
- log enable
- state {
- invalid enable
- }
- rule 100 {
- action accept
- log enable
- protocol ipv6-icmp
- }
- rule 200 {
- action accept
- destination {
- port 80,443
- }
- log enable
- protocol tcp
- }
- rule 300 {
- action accept
- destination {
- port 20,21
- }
- log enable
- protocol tcp
- }
- rule 500 {
- action accept
- destination {
- port 25
- }
- log enable
- protocol tcp
- source {
- address 2001:db8:0:BBBB::200
- }
- }
- rule 600 {
- action accept
- destination {
- port 53
- }
- log enable
- protocol tcp_udp
- source {
- address 2001:db8:0:BBBB::200
- }
- }
- rule 800 {
- action accept
- destination {
- port 22
- }
- log enable
- protocol tcp
- }
- }
-
-Once you have all of your rulesets built, then you need to create your
-zone-policy.
-
-Start by setting the interface and default action for each zone.
-
-.. code-block:: sh
-
- set zone-policy zone dmz default-action drop
- set zone-policy zone dmz interface eth0.30
-
-In this case, we are setting the v6 ruleset that represents traffic sourced
-from the LAN, destined for the DMZ.
-Because the zone-policy firewall syntax is a little awkward, I keep it straight
-by thinking of it backwards.
-
- set zone-policy zone dmz from lan firewall ipv6-name lan-dmz-6
-
-dmz-lan policy is lan-dmz. You can get a rhythm to it when you build out a bunch at one time.
-
-In the end, you will end up with something like this config. I took out everything but the Firewall, Interfaces, and zone-policy sections. It is long enough as is.
-== IPv6 Tunnel ==
-
-If you are using a IPv6 tunnel from HE.net or someone else, the basis is the same except you have two WAN interface. One for v4 and one for v6.
-
-You would have 5 zones instead of just 4 and you would configure your v6 ruleset between your tunnel interface and your LAN/DMZ zones instead of to the WAN.
-
-LAN, WAN, DMZ, local and TUN (tunnel)
-
-v6 pairs would be:
-
-.. code-block:: sh
-
- lan-tun
- lan-local
- lan-dmz
- tun-lan
- tun-local
- tun-dmz
- local-lan
- local-tun
- local-dmz
- dmz-lan
- dmz-tun
- dmz-local
-
-Notice, none go to WAN since WAN wouldn't have a v6 address on it.
-
-You would have to add a couple of rules on your wan-local ruleset to allow protocol 41 in.
-
-Something like:
-
-.. code-block:: sh
-
- rule 400 {
- action accept
- destination {
- address 172.16.10.1
- }
- log enable
- protocol 41
- source {
- address ip.of.tunnel.broker
- }
- }
-