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| author | Christian Poessinger <christian@poessinger.com> | 2018-10-03 15:41:21 +0200 | 
|---|---|---|
| committer | Christian Poessinger <christian@poessinger.com> | 2018-10-03 15:41:21 +0200 | 
| commit | 5bdbce69495e0811186b92e4eb320e71fc1ff622 (patch) | |
| tree | a207d3fc6966d115de20d3c90caac91ed91fc133 /docs | |
| parent | 8e1989920d1db4c0b1d4fceb188292ed64894fd2 (diff) | |
| download | vyos-documentation-5bdbce69495e0811186b92e4eb320e71fc1ff622.tar.gz vyos-documentation-5bdbce69495e0811186b92e4eb320e71fc1ff622.zip | |
Add Troubleshooting chapter
Diffstat (limited to 'docs')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/ch16-troubleshooting.rst | 164 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/index.rst | 2 | 
2 files changed, 166 insertions, 0 deletions
| diff --git a/docs/ch16-troubleshooting.rst b/docs/ch16-troubleshooting.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..47abab04 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ch16-troubleshooting.rst @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ +Troubleshooting +=============== + +Sometimes things break or don't work as expected. This section describes +several troubleshooting tools provided by VyOS that can help when something +goes wrong. + +Basic Connectivity Verification +------------------------------- + +Verifying connectivity can be done with the familiar `ping` and `traceroute` +commands. The options for each are shown (the options for each command were +displayed using the built-in help as described in the `Command-Line Interface`_ +section and are omitted from the output here): + +.. code-block:: sh + +  vyos@vyos:~$ ping +  Possible completions: +    <hostname>    Send Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request +    <x.x.x.x> +    <h:h:h:h:h:h:h:h> + +Several options are available when more extensive troubleshooting is needed: + +.. code-block:: sh + +  vyos@vyos:~$ ping 8.8.8.8 +  Possible completions: +    <Enter>       Execute the current command +    adaptive      Ping options +    allow-broadcast +    audible +    bypass-route +    count +    deadline +    flood +    interface +    interval +    mark +    no-loopback +    numeric +    pattern +    quiet +    record-route +    size +    timestamp +    tos +    ttl +    verbose + +.. code-block:: sh + +  vyos@vyos:~$ traceroute +  Possible completions: +    <hostname>    Track network path to specified node +    <x.x.x.x> +    <h:h:h:h:h:h:h:h> +    ipv4          Track network path to <hostname|IPv4 address> +    ipv6          Track network path to <hostname|IPv6 address> + +However, another tool, mtr_, is available which combines ping and traceroute +into a single tool. An example of its output is shown: + +.. code-block:: sh + +  vyos@vyos:~$ mtr 10.62.212.12 + +                             My traceroute  [v0.85] +  vyos (0.0.0.0) +  Keys:  Help   Display mode   Restart statistics   Order of fields   quit +                                    Packets               Pings +  Host                            Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev +  1. 10.11.110.4                   0.0%    34    0.5   0.5   0.4   0.8   0.1 +  2. 10.62.255.184                 0.0%    34    1.1   1.0   0.9   1.4   0.1 +  3. 10.62.255.71                  0.0%    34    1.4   1.4   1.3   2.0   0.1 +  4. 10.62.212.12                  0.0%    34    1.6   1.6   1.6   1.7   0.0 + +**NOTE:** The output of '''mtr''' consumes the screen and will replace your +command prompt. + +Several options are available for changing the display output. Press `h` to +invoke the built in help system. To quit, just press `q` and you'll be returned +to the VyOS command prompt. + +Monitoring Network Interfaces +----------------------------- + +It's possible to monitor network traffic, either at the flow level or protocol +level. This can be useful when troubleshooting a variety of protocols and +configurations. The following interface types can be monitored: + +.. code-block:: sh + +  vyos@vyos:~$ monitor interfaces +  Possible completions: +    <Enter>       Execute the current command +    bonding       Monitor a bonding interface +    bridge        Monitor a bridge interface +    ethernet      Monitor a ethernet interface +    loopback      Monitor a loopback interface +    openvpn       Monitor an openvpn interface +    pppoe         Monitor pppoe interface +    pseudo-ethernet +                  Monitor a pseudo-ethernet interface +    tunnel        Monitor a tunnel interface +    vrrp          Monitor a vrrp interface +    vti           Monitor a vti interface +    wireless      Monitor wireless interface + +To monitor traffic flows, issue the :code:`monitor interfaces <type> <name> flow` +command, replacing `<type>` and `<name>` with your desired interface type and +name, respectively. Output looks like the following: + +.. code-block:: sh + +                     12.5Kb              25.0Kb              37.5Kb              50.0Kb        62.5Kb +  ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? +  10.11.111.255                        => 10.11.110.37                            0b      0b      0b +                                      <=                                       624b    749b    749b +  10.11.110.29                         => 10.62.200.11                            0b    198b    198b +                                      <=                                         0b    356b    356b +  255.255.255.255                      => 10.11.110.47                            0b      0b      0b +                                      <=                                       724b    145b    145b +  10.11.111.255                        => 10.11.110.47                            0b      0b      0b +                                      <=                                       724b    145b    145b +  10.11.111.255                        => 10.11.110.255                           0b      0b      0b +                                      <=                                       680b    136b    136b +  ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? +  TX:             cumm:  26.7KB   peak:   40.6Kb                      rates:   23.2Kb  21.4Kb  21.4Kb +  RX:                    67.5KB           63.6Kb                               54.6Kb  54.0Kb  54.0Kb +  TOTAL:                 94.2KB            104Kb                               77.8Kb  75.4Kb  75.4Kb + +Several options are available for changing the display output. Press `h` to +invoke the built in help system. To quit, just press `q` and you'll be returned +to the VyOS command prompt. + +To monitor interface traffic, issue the :code:`monitor interfaces <type> <name> +traffic` command, replacing `<type>` and `<name>` with your desired interface +type and name, respectively. This command invokes the familiar tshark_ utility +and the following options are available: + +.. code-block:: sh + +  vyos@vyos:~$ monitor interfaces ethernet eth0 traffic +  Possible completions: +    <Enter>       Execute the current command +    detail        Monitor detailed traffic for the specified ethernet interface +    filter        Monitor filtered traffic for the specified ethernet interface +    save          Save monitored traffic to a file +    unlimited     Monitor traffic for the specified ethernet interface + +To quit monitoring, press `Ctrl-c` and you'll be returned to the VyOS command +prompt. The `detail` keyword provides verbose output of the traffic seen on +the monitored interface. The `filter` keyword accepts valid `PCAP filter +expressions`_, enclosed in single or double quotes (e.g. "port 25" or "port 161 +and udp"). The `save` keyword allows you to save the traffic dump to a file. +The `unlimited` keyword is used to specify that an unlimited number of packets +can be captured (by default, 1,000 packets are captured and you're returned to +the VyOS command prompt). + +.. _mtr: http://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/ +.. _tshark: https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/tshark.html +.. _`PCAP filter expressions`: http://www.tcpdump.org/manpages/pcap-filter.7.html diff --git a/docs/index.rst b/docs/index.rst index 2875ca09..8fd6d15d 100644 --- a/docs/index.rst +++ b/docs/index.rst @@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ as a router and firewall platform for cloud deployments.  .. include:: ch15-image-mgmt.rst +.. include:: ch16-troubleshooting.rst +  Indices and tables  ================== | 
