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| -rw-r--r-- | docs/configuration/protocols/ospf.rst | 323 |
1 files changed, 300 insertions, 23 deletions
diff --git a/docs/configuration/protocols/ospf.rst b/docs/configuration/protocols/ospf.rst index 77ed4a37..7d9950e6 100644 --- a/docs/configuration/protocols/ospf.rst +++ b/docs/configuration/protocols/ospf.rst @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -.. include:: /_include/need_improvement.txt - .. _routing-ospf: #### @@ -19,7 +17,7 @@ OSPF is a widely used IGP in large enterprise networks. OSPFv2 (IPv4) ############# -General configuration +General Configuration --------------------- .. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf area <number> @@ -43,6 +41,17 @@ General configuration have a cost of 1. Cost of lower bandwidth links will be scaled with reference to this cost). +.. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf parameters router-id <rid> + + This command sets the router-ID of the OSPF process. The router-ID may be an + IP address of the router, but need not be – it can be any arbitrary 32bit number. + However it MUST be unique within the entire OSPF domain to the OSPF speaker – bad + things will happen if multiple OSPF speakers are configured with the same router-ID! + + +Optional Configuration +---------------------- + .. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf default-information originate [always] [metric <number>] [metric-type <1|2>] [route-map <name>] Originate an AS-External (type-5) LSA describing a default route into all @@ -65,23 +74,36 @@ General configuration .. note:: Routes with a distance of 255 are effectively disabled and not installed into the kernel. -.. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf parameters router-id <rid> +.. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf log-adjacency-changes [detail] + + This command allows to log changes in adjacency. With the optional + :cfgcmd:`detail` argument, all changes in adjacency status are shown. + Without :cfgcmd:`detail`, only changes to full or regressions are shown. + +.. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf max-metric router-lsa <administrative|on-shutdown <seconds>|on-startup <seconds>> + + This enables :rfc:`3137` support, where the OSPF process describes its + transit links in its router-LSA as having infinite distance so that other + routers will avoid calculating transit paths through the router while + still being able to reach networks through the router. - This command sets the router-ID of the OSPF process. The router-ID may be an - IP address of the router, but need not be – it can be any arbitrary 32bit number. - However it MUST be unique within the entire OSPF domain to the OSPF speaker – bad - things will happen if multiple OSPF speakers are configured with the same router-ID! + This support may be enabled administratively (and indefinitely) with the + :cfgcmd:`administrative` command. It may also be enabled conditionally. + Conditional enabling of max-metric router-lsas can be for a period of + seconds after startup with the :cfgcmd:`on-startup <seconds>` command + and/or for a period of seconds prior to shutdown with the + :cfgcmd:`on-shutdown <seconds>` command. The time range is 5 to 86400. .. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf parameters abr-type <cisco|ibm|shortcut|standard> This command selects ABR model. OSPF router supports four ABR models: - "cisco" – a router will be considered as ABR if it has several configured links to + **cisco** – a router will be considered as ABR if it has several configured links to the networks in different areas one of which is a backbone area. Moreover, the link to the backbone area should be active (working). - "ibm" – identical to "cisco" model but in this case a backbone area link may not be active. - "standard" – router has several active links to different areas. - "shortcut" – identical to "standard" but in this model a router is allowed to use a + **ibm** – identical to "cisco" model but in this case a backbone area link may not be active. + **standard** – router has several active links to different areas. + **shortcut** – identical to "standard" but in this model a router is allowed to use a connected areas topology without involving a backbone area for inter-area connections. Detailed information about "cisco" and "ibm" models differences can be found in :rfc:`3509`. @@ -123,8 +145,18 @@ General configuration a threshold value, which by default is 1800 seconds (half an hour). The value is applied to the whole OSPF router. The timer range is 10 to 1800. +.. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf timers throttle spf <delay|initial-holdtime|max-holdtime> <seconds> + + This command sets the initial delay, the initial-holdtime and the maximum-holdtime between + when SPF is calculated and the event which triggered the calculation. The times are specified + in milliseconds and must be in the range of 0 to 600000 milliseconds. :cfgcmd:`delay` sets + the initial SPF schedule delay in milliseconds. The default value is 200 ms. + :cfgcmd:`initial-holdtime` sets the minimum hold time between two consecutive SPF calculations. + The default value is 1000 ms. :cfgcmd:`max-holdtime` sets the maximum wait time between two + consecutive SPF calculations. The default value is 10000 ms. + -Areas configuration +Areas Configuration ------------------- .. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf area <number> area-type stub @@ -189,11 +221,11 @@ Areas configuration This parameter allows to "shortcut" routes (non-backbone) for inter-area routes. There are three modes available for routes shortcutting: - "default" – this area will be used for shortcutting only if ABR does not have a link + **default** – this area will be used for shortcutting only if ABR does not have a link to the backbone area or this link was lost. - "enable" – the area will be used for shortcutting every time the route that goes through + **enable** – the area will be used for shortcutting every time the route that goes through it is cheaper. - "disable" – this area is never used by ABR for routes shortcutting. + **disable** – this area is never used by ABR for routes shortcutting. .. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf area <number> virtual-link <A.B.C.D> @@ -214,7 +246,7 @@ Areas configuration to belong to a backbone area. -Interfaces configuration +Interfaces Configuration ------------------------ .. cfgcmd:: set interfaces <inttype> <intname> ip ospf authentication plaintext-password <text> @@ -267,10 +299,10 @@ Interfaces configuration This command allows to specify the distribution type for the network connected to this interface: - "broadcast" – broadcast IP addresses distribution. - "non-broadcast" – address distribution in NBMA networks topology. - "point-to-multipoint" – address distribution in point-to-multipoint networks. - "point-to-point" – address distribution in point-to-point networks. + **broadcast** – broadcast IP addresses distribution. + **non-broadcast** – address distribution in NBMA networks topology. + **point-to-multipoint** – address distribution in point-to-multipoint networks. + **point-to-point** – address distribution in point-to-point networks. .. cfgcmd:: set interfaces <inttype> <intname> ip ospf priority <number> @@ -293,7 +325,32 @@ Interfaces configuration is 3 to 65535. -Redistribution configuration +Manual Neighbor Configuration +----------------------------- + +OSPF routing devices normally discover their neighbors dynamically by listening to the broadcast +or multicast hello packets on the network. Because an NBMA network does not support broadcast (or +multicast), the device cannot discover its neighbors dynamically, so you must configure all the +neighbors statically. + +.. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf neighbor <A.B.C.D> + + This command specifies the IP address of the neighboring device. + +.. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf neighbor <A.B.C.D> poll-interval <seconds> + + This command specifies the length of time, in seconds, before the routing device sends hello + packets out of the interface before it establishes adjacency with a neighbor. The range is 1 + to 65535 seconds. The default value is 60 seconds. + +.. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf neighbor <A.B.C.D> priority <number> + + This command specifies the router priority value of the nonbroadcast neighbor associated with + the IP address specified. The default is 0. This keyword does not apply to point-to-multipoint + interfaces. + + +Redistribution Configuration ---------------------------- .. cfgcmd:: set protocols ospf redistribute bgp @@ -348,7 +405,227 @@ Redistribution configuration There are five modes available for route source: bgp, connected, kernel, rip, static. -Configuration example +Operational Mode Commands +------------------------- + +.. opcmd:: show ip ospf neighbor + + This command displays the neighbors status. + +.. code-block:: none + + Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface RXmtL RqstL DBsmL + 10.0.13.1 1 Full/DR 38.365s 10.0.13.1 eth0:10.0.13.3 0 0 0 + 10.0.23.2 1 Full/Backup 39.175s 10.0.23.2 eth1:10.0.23.3 0 0 0 + +.. opcmd:: show ip ospf neighbor detail + + This command displays the neighbors information in a detailed form, not just + a summary table. + +.. code-block:: none + + Neighbor 10.0.13.1, interface address 10.0.13.1 + In the area 0.0.0.0 via interface eth0 + Neighbor priority is 1, State is Full, 5 state changes + Most recent state change statistics: + Progressive change 11m55s ago + DR is 10.0.13.1, BDR is 10.0.13.3 + Options 2 *|-|-|-|-|-|E|- + Dead timer due in 34.854s + Database Summary List 0 + Link State Request List 0 + Link State Retransmission List 0 + Thread Inactivity Timer on + Thread Database Description Retransmision off + Thread Link State Request Retransmission on + Thread Link State Update Retransmission on + + Neighbor 10.0.23.2, interface address 10.0.23.2 + In the area 0.0.0.1 via interface eth1 + Neighbor priority is 1, State is Full, 4 state changes + Most recent state change statistics: + Progressive change 41.193s ago + DR is 10.0.23.3, BDR is 10.0.23.2 + Options 2 *|-|-|-|-|-|E|- + Dead timer due in 35.661s + Database Summary List 0 + Link State Request List 0 + Link State Retransmission List 0 + Thread Inactivity Timer on + Thread Database Description Retransmision off + Thread Link State Request Retransmission on + Thread Link State Update Retransmission on + +.. opcmd:: show ip ospf neighbor <A.B.C.D> + + This command displays the neighbors information in a detailed form for a neighbor + whose IP address is specified. + +.. opcmd:: show ip ospf neighbor <intname> + + This command displays the neighbors status for a neighbor on the specified + interface. + +.. opcmd:: show ip ospf interface [intname] + + This command displays state and configuration of OSPF the specified interface, + or all interfaces if no interface is given. + +.. code-block:: none + + eth0 is up + ifindex 2, MTU 1500 bytes, BW 4294967295 Mbit <UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> + Internet Address 10.0.13.3/24, Broadcast 10.0.13.255, Area 0.0.0.0 + MTU mismatch detection: enabled + Router ID 10.0.23.3, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1 + Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State Backup, Priority 1 + Backup Designated Router (ID) 10.0.23.3, Interface Address 10.0.13.3 + Multicast group memberships: OSPFAllRouters OSPFDesignatedRouters + Timer intervals configured, Hello 10s, Dead 40s, Wait 40s, Retransmit 5 + Hello due in 4.470s + Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 + eth1 is up + ifindex 3, MTU 1500 bytes, BW 4294967295 Mbit <UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> + Internet Address 10.0.23.3/24, Broadcast 10.0.23.255, Area 0.0.0.1 + MTU mismatch detection: enabled + Router ID 10.0.23.3, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1 + Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 + Backup Designated Router (ID) 10.0.23.2, Interface Address 10.0.23.2 + Saved Network-LSA sequence number 0x80000002 + Multicast group memberships: OSPFAllRouters OSPFDesignatedRouters + Timer intervals configured, Hello 10s, Dead 40s, Wait 40s, Retransmit 5 + Hello due in 4.563s + Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 + +.. opcmd:: show ip ospf route + + This command displays the OSPF routing table, as determined by the most recent + SPF calculation. + +.. code-block:: none + + ============ OSPF network routing table ============ + N IA 10.0.12.0/24 [3] area: 0.0.0.0 + via 10.0.13.3, eth0 + N 10.0.13.0/24 [1] area: 0.0.0.0 + directly attached to eth0 + N IA 10.0.23.0/24 [2] area: 0.0.0.0 + via 10.0.13.3, eth0 + N 10.0.34.0/24 [2] area: 0.0.0.0 + via 10.0.13.3, eth0 + + ============ OSPF router routing table ============= + R 10.0.23.3 [1] area: 0.0.0.0, ABR + via 10.0.13.3, eth0 + R 10.0.34.4 [2] area: 0.0.0.0, ASBR + via 10.0.13.3, eth0 + + ============ OSPF external routing table =========== + N E2 172.16.0.0/24 [2/20] tag: 0 + via 10.0.13.3, eth0 + +The table consists of following data: + +**OSPF network routing table** – includes a list of acquired routes for all +accessible networks (or aggregated area ranges) of OSPF system. "IA" flag means +that route destination is in the area to which the router is not connected, i.e. +it’s an inter-area path. In square brackets a summary metric for all links through +which a path lies to this network is specified. "via" prefix defines a +router-gateway, i.e. the first router on the way to the destination (next hop). +**OSPF router routing table** – includes a list of acquired routes to all +accessible ABRs and ASBRs. +**OSPF external routing table** – includes a list of acquired routes that are +external to the OSPF process. "E" flag points to the external link metric type +(E1 – metric type 1, E2 – metric type 2). External link metric is printed in the +"<metric of the router which advertised the link>/<link metric>" format. + +.. opcmd:: show ip ospf border-routers + + This command displays a table of paths to area boundary and autonomous system + boundary routers. + +.. opcmd:: show ip ospf database + + This command displays a summary table with a database contents (LSA). + +.. code-block:: none + + OSPF Router with ID (10.0.13.1) + + Router Link States (Area 0.0.0.0) + + Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Link count + 10.0.13.1 10.0.13.1 984 0x80000005 0xd915 1 + 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.3 1186 0x80000008 0xfe62 2 + 10.0.34.4 10.0.34.4 1063 0x80000004 0x4e3f 1 + + Net Link States (Area 0.0.0.0) + + Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum + 10.0.13.1 10.0.13.1 994 0x80000003 0x30bb + 10.0.34.4 10.0.34.4 1188 0x80000001 0x9411 + + Summary Link States (Area 0.0.0.0) + + Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route + 10.0.12.0 10.0.23.3 1608 0x80000001 0x6ab6 10.0.12.0/24 + 10.0.23.0 10.0.23.3 981 0x80000003 0xe232 10.0.23.0/24 + + AS External Link States + + Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route + 172.16.0.0 10.0.34.4 1063 0x80000001 0xc40d E2 172.16.0.0/24 [0x0] + +.. opcmd:: show ip ospf database <type> [A.B.C.D] [adv-router <A.B.C.D>|self-originate] + + This command displays a database contents for a specific link advertisement type. + + The type can be the following: + asbr-summary, external, network, nssa-external, opaque-area, opaque-as, + opaque-link, router, summary. + + [A.B.C.D] – link-state-id. With this specified the command displays portion of + the network environment that is being described by the advertisement. The value + entered depends on the advertisement’s LS type. It must be entered in the form + of an IP address. + + :cfgcmd:`adv-router <A.B.C.D>` – router id, which link advertisements need to be + reviewed. + + :cfgcmd:`self-originate` displays only self-originated LSAs from the local router. + +.. code-block:: none + + OSPF Router with ID (10.0.13.1) + + Router Link States (Area 0.0.0.0) + + LS age: 1213 + Options: 0x2 : *|-|-|-|-|-|E|- + LS Flags: 0x3 + Flags: 0x0 + LS Type: router-LSA + Link State ID: 10.0.13.1 + Advertising Router: 10.0.13.1 + LS Seq Number: 80000009 + Checksum: 0xd119 + Length: 36 + + Number of Links: 1 + + Link connected to: a Transit Network + (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.0.13.1 + (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.0.13.1 + Number of TOS metrics: 0 + TOS 0 Metric: 1 + +.. opcmd:: show ip ospf database max-age + + This command displays LSAs in MaxAge list. + + +Configuration Example --------------------- Below you can see a typical configuration using 2 nodes, redistribute loopback |