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diff --git a/docs/appendix/troubleshooting.rst b/docs/appendix/troubleshooting.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e5b9b7a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/appendix/troubleshooting.rst @@ -0,0 +1,341 @@ +.. _troubleshooting: + +Troubleshooting +=============== + +Sometimes things break or don't work as expected. This section describes +several troubleshooting tools provided by VyOS that can help when something +goes wrong. + +Basic Connectivity Verification +------------------------------- + +Verifying connectivity can be done with the familiar `ping` and `traceroute` +commands. The options for each are shown (the options for each command were +displayed using the built-in help as described in the :ref:`cli` +section and are omitted from the output here): + +.. code-block:: sh + + vyos@vyos:~$ ping + Possible completions: + <hostname> Send Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request + <x.x.x.x> + <h:h:h:h:h:h:h:h> + +Several options are available when more extensive troubleshooting is needed: + +.. code-block:: sh + + vyos@vyos:~$ ping 8.8.8.8 + Possible completions: + <Enter> Execute the current command + adaptive Ping options + allow-broadcast + audible + bypass-route + count + deadline + flood + interface + interval + mark + no-loopback + numeric + pattern + quiet + record-route + size + timestamp + tos + ttl + verbose + +.. code-block:: sh + + vyos@vyos:~$ traceroute + Possible completions: + <hostname> Track network path to specified node + <x.x.x.x> + <h:h:h:h:h:h:h:h> + ipv4 Track network path to <hostname|IPv4 address> + ipv6 Track network path to <hostname|IPv6 address> + +However, another tool, mtr_, is available which combines ping and traceroute +into a single tool. An example of its output is shown: + +.. code-block:: sh + + vyos@vyos:~$ mtr 10.62.212.12 + + My traceroute [v0.85] + vyos (0.0.0.0) + Keys: Help Display mode Restart statistics Order of fields quit + Packets Pings + Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev + 1. 10.11.110.4 0.0% 34 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.1 + 2. 10.62.255.184 0.0% 34 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.4 0.1 + 3. 10.62.255.71 0.0% 34 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.0 0.1 + 4. 10.62.212.12 0.0% 34 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 0.0 + +.. note:: The output of ``mtr`` consumes the screen and will replace your + command prompt. + +Several options are available for changing the display output. Press `h` to +invoke the built in help system. To quit, just press `q` and you'll be returned +to the VyOS command prompt. + +Monitoring +---------- + +Network Interfaces +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +It's possible to monitor network traffic, either at the flow level or protocol +level. This can be useful when troubleshooting a variety of protocols and +configurations. The following interface types can be monitored: + +.. code-block:: sh + + vyos@vyos:~$ monitor interfaces + Possible completions: + <Enter> Execute the current command + bonding Monitor a bonding interface + bridge Monitor a bridge interface + ethernet Monitor a ethernet interface + loopback Monitor a loopback interface + openvpn Monitor an openvpn interface + pppoe Monitor pppoe interface + pseudo-ethernet + Monitor a pseudo-ethernet interface + tunnel Monitor a tunnel interface + vrrp Monitor a vrrp interface + vti Monitor a vti interface + wireless Monitor wireless interface + +To monitor traffic flows, issue the :code:`monitor interfaces <type> <name> flow` +command, replacing `<type>` and `<name>` with your desired interface type and +name, respectively. Output looks like the following: + +.. code-block:: sh + + 12.5Kb 25.0Kb 37.5Kb 50.0Kb 62.5Kb + ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? + 10.11.111.255 => 10.11.110.37 0b 0b 0b + <= 624b 749b 749b + 10.11.110.29 => 10.62.200.11 0b 198b 198b + <= 0b 356b 356b + 255.255.255.255 => 10.11.110.47 0b 0b 0b + <= 724b 145b 145b + 10.11.111.255 => 10.11.110.47 0b 0b 0b + <= 724b 145b 145b + 10.11.111.255 => 10.11.110.255 0b 0b 0b + <= 680b 136b 136b + ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? + TX: cumm: 26.7KB peak: 40.6Kb rates: 23.2Kb 21.4Kb 21.4Kb + RX: 67.5KB 63.6Kb 54.6Kb 54.0Kb 54.0Kb + TOTAL: 94.2KB 104Kb 77.8Kb 75.4Kb 75.4Kb + +Several options are available for changing the display output. Press `h` to +invoke the built in help system. To quit, just press `q` and you'll be returned +to the VyOS command prompt. + +To monitor interface traffic, issue the :code:`monitor interfaces <type> <name> +traffic` command, replacing `<type>` and `<name>` with your desired interface +type and name, respectively. This command invokes the familiar tshark_ utility +and the following options are available: + +.. code-block:: sh + + vyos@vyos:~$ monitor interfaces ethernet eth0 traffic + Possible completions: + <Enter> Execute the current command + detail Monitor detailed traffic for the specified ethernet interface + filter Monitor filtered traffic for the specified ethernet interface + save Save monitored traffic to a file + unlimited Monitor traffic for the specified ethernet interface + +To quit monitoring, press `Ctrl-c` and you'll be returned to the VyOS command +prompt. The `detail` keyword provides verbose output of the traffic seen on +the monitored interface. The `filter` keyword accepts valid `PCAP filter +expressions`_, enclosed in single or double quotes (e.g. "port 25" or "port 161 +and udp"). The `save` keyword allows you to save the traffic dump to a file. +The `unlimited` keyword is used to specify that an unlimited number of packets +can be captured (by default, 1,000 packets are captured and you're returned to +the VyOS command prompt). + +Interface Bandwith +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +to take a quick view on the used bandwith of an interface use the ``monitor bandwith`` command + +.. code-block:: sh + + vyos@vyos:~$ monitor bandwidth interface eth0 + +show the following: + +.. code-block:: sh + + eth0 bmon 3.5 + Interfaces │ RX bps pps %│ TX bps pps % + >eth0 │ 141B 2 │ 272B 1 + ───────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── + B (RX Bytes/second) + 198.00 .|....|..................................................... + 165.00 .|....|..................................................... + 132.00 ||..|.|..................................................... + 99.00 ||..|.|..................................................... + 66.00 |||||||..................................................... + 33.00 |||||||..................................................... + 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 + KiB (TX Bytes/second) + 3.67 ......|..................................................... + 3.06 ......|..................................................... + 2.45 ......|..................................................... + 1.84 ......|..................................................... + 1.22 ......|..................................................... + 0.61 :::::||..................................................... + 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 + + ───────────────────────────────────────── Press d to enable detailed statistics ──────────────────────────────────────── + ─────────────────────────────────────── Press i to enable additional information ─────────────────────────────────────── + Wed Apr 3 14:46:59 2019 Press ? for help + +| Press ``d`` for more detailed informations or ``i`` for additional information. +| To exit press ``q`` and than ``y`` + +Interface performance +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +To take a look on the network bandwith between two nodes, the ``monitor bandwidth-test`` command is used to run iperf. + +.. code-block:: sh + + vyos@vyos:~$ monitor bandwidth-test + Possible completions: + accept Wait for bandwidth test connections (port TCP/5001) + initiate Initiate a bandwidth test + +| The ``accept`` command open a listen iperf server on TCP Port 5001 +| The ``initiate`` command conncet to this server. + +.. code-block:: sh + + vyos@vyos:~$ monitor bandwidth-test initiate + Possible completions: + <hostname> Initiate a bandwidth test to specified host (port TCP/5001) + <x.x.x.x> + <h:h:h:h:h:h:h:h> + + +Monitor command +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The ``monitor command`` command allows you to repeatedly run a command to view a continuously refreshed output. +The command is run and output every 2 seconds, allowing you to monitor the output continuously without having to re-run the command. This can be useful to follow routing adjacency formation. + +.. code-block:: sh + + vyos@router:~$ monitor command "show interfaces" + +Will clear the screen and show you the output of ``show interfaces`` every 2 seconds. + +.. code-block:: sh + + Every 2.0s: /opt/vyatta/bin/vyatta-op-cmd-wrapper s... Sun Mar 26 02:49:46 2019 + + Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down + Interface IP Address S/L Description + --------- ---------- --- ----------- + eth0 192.168.1.1/24 u/u + eth0.5 198.51.100.4/24 u/u WAN + lo 127.0.0.1/8 u/u + ::1/128 + vti0 172.32.254.2/30 u/u + vti1 172.32.254.9/30 u/u + +Clear Command +------------- + +Sometimes you need to clear counters or statistics to troubleshoot better. + +To do this use the ``clear`` command in Operational mode. + +to clear the console output + +.. code-block:: sh + + vyos@vyos:~$ clear console + +to clear interface counters + +.. code-block:: sh + + # clear all interfaces + vyos@vyos:~$ clear interface ethernet counters + # clear specific interface + vyos@vyos:~$ clear interface ehternet eth0 counters + +The command follow the same logic as the ``set`` command in configuration mode. + +.. code-block:: sh + + # clear all counters of a interface type + vyos@vyos:~$ clear interface <interface_type> counters + # clear counter of a interface in interface_type + vyos@vyos:~$ clear interface <interface_type> <interace_name> counters + + +to clear counters on firewall rulesets or single rules + +.. code-block:: sh + + vyos@vyos:~$ clear firewall name <ipv4 ruleset name> counters + vyos@vyos:~$ clear firewall name <ipv4 ruleset name> rule <rule#> counters + + vyos@vyos:~$ clear firewall ipv6-name <ipv6 ruleset name> counters + vyos@vyos:~$ clear firewall ipv6-name <ipv6 ruleset name> rule <rule#> counters + + +Basic System Information +------------------------ + +Boot steps +^^^^^^^^^^ + +VyOS 1.2.0+ uses `Debian Jessie`_ as the base Linux operating system. +Jessie was the first version of Debian that uses `systemd`_ as the default init system. + +These are the boot steps for VyOS 1.2.0+ + +1. The BIOS loads Grub (or isolinux for the Live CD) +2. Grub then starts the Linux boot and loads the Linux Kernel ``/boot/vmlinuz`` +3. Kernel Launches Systemd ``/lib/systemd/systemd`` +4. Systemd loads the VyOS service file ``/lib/systemd/system/vyos-router.service`` +5. The service file launches the VyOS router init script ``/usr/libexec/vyos/init/vyos-router`` - this is part of the `vyatta-cfg`_ Debian package + + 1. Starts FRR_ - successor to `GNU Zebra`_ and `Quagga`_ + + 2. Initialises the boot configuration file - copies over ``config.boot.default`` if there is no configuration + 3. Runs the configuration migration, if the configuration is for an older version of VyOS + 4. Runs The pre-config script, if there is one ``/config/scripts/vyos-preconfig-bootup.script`` + 5. If the config file was upgraded, runs any post upgrade scripts ``/config/scripts/post-upgrade.d`` + 6. Starts **rl-system** and **firewall** + 7. Mounts the ``/boot`` partition + 8. The boot configuration file is then applied by ``/opt/vyatta/sbin/vyatta-boot-config-loader /opt/vyatta/etc/config/config.boot`` + + 1. The config loader script writes log entries to ``/var/log/vyatta-config-loader.log`` + + 10. Runs ``telinit q`` to tell the init system to reload ``/etc/inittab`` + 11. Finally it runs the post-config script ``/config/scripts/vyos-postconfig-bootup.script`` + +.. _Quagga: http://www.quagga.net/ +.. _`GNU Zebra`: https://www.gnu.org/software/zebra/ +.. _FRR: https://frrouting.org/ +.. _vyatta-cfg: https://github.com/vyos/vyatta-cfg +.. _systemd: _https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ +.. _`Debian Jessie`: https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/ +.. _mtr: http://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/ +.. _tshark: https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/tshark.html +.. _`PCAP filter expressions`: http://www.tcpdump.org/manpages/pcap-filter.7.html |