diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/configuration/vpn/wireguard.rst')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/configuration/vpn/wireguard.rst | 405 |
1 files changed, 405 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/configuration/vpn/wireguard.rst b/docs/configuration/vpn/wireguard.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..91b5fe71 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/configuration/vpn/wireguard.rst @@ -0,0 +1,405 @@ +.. _wireguard: + +######### +WireGuard +######### + +WireGuard is an extremely simple yet fast and modern VPN that utilizes +state-of-the-art cryptography. See https://www.wireguard.com for more +information. + +************* +Diagram +************* + +This diagram corresponds with the configuration below. + +.. figure:: /_static/images/wireguard_vpn_diagram.jpg + +************* +Configuration +************* + + + +************* +Keypairs +************* + +WireGuard requires the generation of a keypair, which includes a private +key to decrypt incoming traffic, and a public key for peer(s) to encrypt +traffic. + +Generate Keypair +================ + +.. opcmd:: generate wireguard default-keypair + + It generates the keypair, which includes the public and private parts, + and stores it within VyOS. It will be used per default on any configured + WireGuard interface, even if multiple interfaces are being configured. + +.. opcmd:: show wireguard keypairs pubkey default + + It shows the public key to be shared with your peer(s). Your peer will + encrypt all traffic to your system using this public key. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos:~$ show wireguard keypairs pubkey default + hW17UxY7zeydJNPIyo3UtGnBHkzTK/NeBOrDSIU9Tx0= + + +Generate Named Keypair +====================== + +Named keypairs can be used on a interface basis when configured. If +multiple WireGuard interfaces are being configured, each can have their +own keypairs. + +.. opcmd:: generate wireguard named-keypairs <name> + + The commands below generates 2 keypairs unrelated to each other. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos:~$ generate wireguard named-keypairs KP01 + vyos@vyos:~$ generate wireguard named-keypairs KP02 + + +************************** +Interface configuration +************************** + +The next step is to configure your local side as well as the policy +based trusted destination addresses. If you only initiate a connection, +the listen port and address/port is optional; however, if you act as a +server and endpoints initiate the connections to your system, you need to +define a port your clients can connect to, otherwise the port is randomly +chosen and may make connection difficult with firewall rules, since the port +may be different each time the system is rebooted. + +You will also need the public key of your peer as well as the network(s) +you want to tunnel (allowed-ips) to configure a WireGuard tunnel. The +public key below is always the public key from your peer, not your local +one. + +**local side - commands** + +.. code-block:: none + + set interfaces wireguard wg01 address '10.1.0.1/30' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 description 'VPN-to-wg02' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 allowed-ips '192.168.2.0/24' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 address '2.2.2.2' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 port '51820' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 pubkey 'XMrlPykaxhdAAiSjhtPlvi30NVkvLQliQuKP7AI7CyI=' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 port '51820' + set protocols static route 192.168.2.0/24 interface wg01 + +**local side - annotated commands** + +.. code-block:: none + + set interfaces wireguard wg01 address '10.1.0.1/30' # Address of the wg01 tunnel interface. + set interfaces wireguard wg01 description 'VPN-to-wg02' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 allowed-ips '192.168.2.0/24'# Subnets that are allowed to travel over the tunnel + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 address '2.2.2.2' # Public IP of the peer + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 port '58120' # Port of the Peer + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 pubkey '<pubkey>' # Public Key of the Peer + set interfaces wireguard wg01 port '51820' # Port of own server + set protocols static route 192.168.2.0/24 interface wg01 # Static route to remote subnet + +The last step is to define an interface route for 10.2.0.0/24 to get +through the WireGuard interface `wg01`. Multiple IPs or networks can be +defined and routed. The last check is allowed-ips which either prevents +or allows the traffic. + +.. note:: You can not assign the same allowed-ips statement to multiple + WireGuard peers. This a a design decision. For more information please + check the `WireGuard mailing list`_. + +.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces wireguard <interface> private-key <name> + + To use a named key on an interface, the option private-key needs to be + set. + + .. code-block:: none + + set interfaces wireguard wg01 private-key KP01 + + The command :opcmd:`show wireguard keypairs pubkey KP01` will then show the + public key, which needs to be shared with the peer. + + +**remote side - commands** + +.. code-block:: none + + set interfaces wireguard wg01 address '10.1.0.2/30' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 description 'VPN-to-wg01' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 allowed-ips '192.168.1.0/24' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 address '1.1.1.1' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 port '51820' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 pubkey 'u41jO3OF73Gq1WARMMFG7tOfk7+r8o8AzPxJ1FZRhzk=' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 port '51820' + set protocols static route 192.168.1.0/24 interface wg01 + +**remote side - annotated commands** + +.. code-block:: none + + set interfaces wireguard wg01 address '10.1.0.2/30' # Address of the wg01 tunnel interface. + set interfaces wireguard wg01 description 'VPN-to-wg01' + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 allowed-ips '192.168.1.0/24'# Subnets that are allowed to travel over the tunnel + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 address '1.1.1.1' # Public IP address of the Peer + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 port '12345' # Port of the Peer + set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 pubkey '<pubkey>' # Public key of the Peer + set interfaces wireguard wg01 port '51820' # Port of own server + set protocols static route 192.168.1.0/24 interface wg01 # Static route remote subnet + +************************** +Firewall Exceptions +************************** + +For the WireGuard traffic to pass through the WAN interface, you must create a firewall exception. + +.. code-block:: none + + set firewall name OUTSIDE_LOCAL rule 10 action accept + set firewall name OUTSIDE_LOCAL rule 10 description 'Allow established/related' + set firewall name OUTSIDE_LOCAL rule 10 state established enable + set firewall name OUTSIDE_LOCAL rule 10 state related enable + set firewall name OUTSIDE_LOCAL rule 20 action accept + set firewall name OUTSIDE_LOCAL rule 20 description WireGuard_IN + set firewall name OUTSIDE_LOCAL rule 20 destination port 51820 + set firewall name OUTSIDE_LOCAL rule 20 log enable + set firewall name OUTSIDE_LOCAL rule 20 protocol udp + set firewall name OUTSIDE_LOCAL rule 20 source + +You should also ensure that the OUTISDE_LOCAL firewall group is applied to the WAN interface and a direction (local). + +.. code-block:: none + + set interfaces ethernet eth0 firewall local name 'OUTSIDE-LOCAL' + +Assure that your firewall rules allow the traffic, in which case you have a working VPN using WireGuard. + +.. code-block:: none + + wg01# ping 192.168.1.1 + PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data. + 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.16 ms + 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.77 ms + + wg02# ping 192.168.2.1 + PING 192.168.2.1 (192.168.2.1) 56(84) bytes of data. + 64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=4.40 ms + 64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.02 ms + +An additional layer of symmetric-key crypto can be used on top of the +asymmetric crypto. This is optional. + +.. code-block:: none + + wg01# run generate wireguard preshared-key + rvVDOoc2IYEnV+k5p7TNAmHBMEGTHbPU8Qqg8c/sUqc= + +Copy the key, as it is not stored on the local filesystem. Because it +is a symmetric key, only you and your peer should have knowledge of +its content. Make sure you distribute the key in a safe manner, + +.. code-block:: none + + wg01# set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg02 preshared-key 'rvVDOoc2IYEnV+k5p7TNAmHBMEGTHbPU8Qqg8c/sUqc=' + wg02# set interfaces wireguard wg01 peer to-wg01 preshared-key 'rvVDOoc2IYEnV+k5p7TNAmHBMEGTHbPU8Qqg8c/sUqc=' + + +******************************* +Mobile "RoadWarrior" Example +******************************* + +With WireGuard, a Road Warrior VPN config is similar to a site-to-site +VPN. It just lacks the ``address`` and ``port`` statements. + +In the following example, the IPs for the remote clients are defined in +the peers. This allows the peers to interact with one another. + +.. code-block:: none + + wireguard wg0 { + address 10.172.24.1/24 + address 2001:DB8:470:22::1/64 + description RoadWarrior + peer MacBook { + allowed-ips 10.172.24.30/32 + allowed-ips 2001:DB8:470:22::30/128 + persistent-keepalive 15 + pubkey F5MbW7ye7DsoxdOaixjdrudshjjxN5UdNV+pGFHqehc= + } + peer iPhone { + allowed-ips 10.172.24.20/32 + allowed-ips 2001:DB8:470:22::20/128 + persistent-keepalive 15 + pubkey BknHcLFo8nOo8Dwq2CjaC/TedchKQ0ebxC7GYn7Al00= + } + port 2224 + } + +The following is the config for the iPhone peer above. It's important to +note that the ``AllowedIPs`` wildcard setting directs all IPv4 and IPv6 traffic +through the connection. + +.. code-block:: none + + [Interface] + PrivateKey = ARAKLSDJsadlkfjasdfiowqeruriowqeuasdf= + Address = 10.172.24.20/24, 2001:DB8:470:22::20/64 + DNS = 10.0.0.53, 10.0.0.54 + + [Peer] + PublicKey = RIbtUTCfgzNjnLNPQ/ulkGnnB2vMWHm7l2H/xUfbyjc= + AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0 + Endpoint = 192.0.2.1:2224 + PersistentKeepalive = 25 + +However, split-tunneling can be achieved by specifing the remote subnets. +This ensures that only traffic destined for the remote site is sent over the tunnel. +All other traffic is unaffected. + +.. code-block:: none + + [Interface] + PrivateKey = 8Iasdfweirousd1EVGUk5XsT+wYFZ9mhPnQhmjzaJE6Go= + Address = 10.172.24.30/24, 2001:DB8:470:22::30/64 + + [Peer] + PublicKey = RIbtUTCfgzNjnLNPQ/ulkGnnB2vMWHm7l2H/xUfbyjc= + AllowedIPs = 10.172.24.30/24, 2001:DB8:470:22::/64 + Endpoint = 192.0.2.1:2224 + PersistentKeepalive = 25 + + +******************** +Operational Commands +******************** + +Status +====== + +.. opcmd:: sudo wg + + Show info about the Wireguard service. + Also shows the latest handshake. + + .. code-block:: none + + interface: wg0 + public key: + private key: (hidden) + listening port: 51869 + + peer: <peer pubkey> + endpoint: <peer public IP> + allowed ips: 10.69.69.2/32 + latest handshake: 23 hours, 45 minutes, 26 seconds ago + transfer: 1.26 MiB received, 6.47 MiB sent + +.. opcmd:: show interfaces wireguard + + Get a list of all wireguard interfaces + + .. code-block:: none + + Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down + Interface IP Address S/L Description + --------- ---------- --- ----------- + wg0 10.0.0.1/24 u/u + + +.. opcmd:: show interfaces wireguard <interface> + + Show general information about specific WireGuard interface + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces wireguard wg01 + interface: wg0 + address: 10.0.0.1/24 + public key: h1HkYlSuHdJN6Qv4Hz4bBzjGg5WUty+U1L7DJsZy1iE= + private key: (hidden) + listening port: 41751 + + RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast + 0 0 0 0 0 0 + TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collisions + 0 0 0 0 0 0 + +************************** +Encryption Keys +************************** + +.. opcmd:: show wireguard keypair pubkey <name> + + Show public key portion for specified key. This can be either the ``default`` + key, or any other named key-pair. + + The ``default`` keypair + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos:~$ show wireguard keypair pubkey default + FAXCPb6EbTlSH5200J5zTopt9AYXneBthAySPBLbZwM= + + Name keypair ``KP01`` + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos:~$ show wireguard keypair pubkey KP01 + HUtsu198toEnm1poGoRTyqkUKfKUdyh54f45dtcahDM= + +.. opcmd:: delete wireguard keypair pubkey <name> + + Delete a keypair, this can be either the ``default`` key, or any other + named key-pair. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos:~$ delete wireguard keypair default + + +******************************* +Mobile "RoadWarrior" clients +******************************* + +Some users tend to connect their mobile devices using WireGuard to their VyOS +router. To ease deployment one can generate a "per mobile" configuration from +the VyOS CLI. + +.. warning:: From a security perspective it is not recommended to let a third + party create and share the private key for a secured connection. You should create the + private portion on your own and only hand out the public key. Please keep this + in mind when using this convenience feature. + +.. opcmd:: generate wireguard client-config <name> interface <interface> server <ip|fqdn> address <client-ip> + + Using this command you will create a new client configuration which can + connect to ``interface`` on this router. The public key from the specified + interface is automatically extracted and embedded into the configuration. + + The command also generates a configuration snipped which can be copy/pasted + into the VyOS CLI if needed. The supplied ``<name>`` on the CLI will become + the peer name in the snippet. + + In addition you will specifiy the IP address or FQDN for the client where it + will connect to. The address parameter can be used up to two times and is used + to assign the client its specific IPv4 (/32) or IPv6 (/128) address. + + .. figure:: /_static/images/wireguard_qrcode.jpg + :alt: WireGuard Client QR code + +.. stop_vyoslinter + +.. _`WireGuard mailing list`: https://lists.zx2c4.com/pipermail/wireguard/2018-December/003704.html + +.. start_vyoslinter |