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diff --git a/docs/routing.rst b/docs/routing.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 217847d6..00000000 --- a/docs/routing.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,437 +0,0 @@ -.. _routing: - -Routing -======= - -VyOS is a "router first" network operating system. It supports static routing, -policy routing, and dynamic routing using standard protocols (RIP, OSPF, and -BGP). - -Static ------- - -Static routes are manually configured network routes. - -A typical use for a static route is a static default route for systems that do -not make use of DHCP or dynamic routing protocols: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 10.1.1.1 distance '1' - -Another common use of static routes is to blackhole (drop) traffic. In the -example below, RFC 1918 private IP networks are set as blackhole routes. This -does not prevent networks within these segments from being used, since the -most specific route is always used. It does, however, prevent traffic to -unknown private networks from leaving the router. Commonly refereed to as -leaking. - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols static route 10.0.0.0/8 blackhole distance '254' - set protocols static route 172.16.0.0/12 blackhole distance '254' - set protocols static route 192.168.0.0/16 blackhole distance '254' - -.. note:: Routes with a distance of 255 are effectively disabled and not - installed into the kernel. - -RIP ---- - -Simple RIP configuration using 2 nodes and redistributing connected interfaces. - -**Node 1:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces loopback address 10.1.1.1/32 - set protocols rip network 192.168.0.0/24 - set protocols rip redistribute connected - -**Node 2:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces loopback address 10.2.2.2/32 - set protocols rip network 192.168.0.0/24 - set protocols rip redistribute connected - - -.. _routing-ospf: - -OSPF ----- - -IPv4 -^^^^ - -A typical configuration using 2 nodes, redistribute loopback address and the -node 1 sending the default route: - -**Node 1:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces loopback lo address 10.1.1.1/32 - set protocols ospf area 0 network 192.168.0.0/24 - set protocols ospf default-information originate always - set protocols ospf default-information originate metric 10 - set protocols ospf default-information originate metric-type 2 - set protocols ospf log-adjacency-changes - set protocols ospf parameters router-id 10.1.1.1 - set protocols ospf redistribute connected metric-type 2 - set protocols ospf redistribute connected route-map CONNECT - - set policy route-map CONNECT rule 10 action permit - set policy route-map CONNECT rule 10 match interface lo - -**Node 2:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces loopback lo address 10.2.2.2/32 - set protocols ospf area 0 network 192.168.0.0/24 - set protocols ospf log-adjacency-changes - set protocols ospf parameters router-id 10.2.2.2 - set protocols ospf redistribute connected metric-type 2 - set protocols ospf redistribute connected route-map CONNECT - - set policy route-map CONNECT rule 10 action permit - set policy route-map CONNECT rule 10 match interface lo - -IPv6 -^^^^ - -A typical configuration using 2 nodes. - -**Node 1:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols ospfv3 area 0.0.0.0 interface eth1 - set protocols ospfv3 area 0.0.0.0 range 2001:db8:1::/64 - set protocols ospfv3 parameters router-id 192.168.1.1 - set protocols ospfv3 redistribute connected - -**Node 2:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols ospfv3 area 0.0.0.0 interface eth1 - set protocols ospfv3 area 0.0.0.0 range 2001:db8:2::/64 - set protocols ospfv3 parameters router-id 192.168.2.1 - set protocols ospfv3 redistribute connected - -.. _routing-bgp: - -BGP ---- - -IPv4 -^^^^ - -A simple eBGP configuration: - -**Node 1:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 192.168.0.2 ebgp-multihop '2' - set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 192.168.0.2 remote-as '65535' - set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 192.168.0.2 update-source '192.168.0.1' - set protocols bgp 65534 address-family ipv4-unicast network '172.16.0.0/16' - set protocols bgp 65534 parameters router-id '192.168.0.1' - -**Node 2:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 192.168.0.1 ebgp-multihop '2' - set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as '65534' - set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 192.168.0.1 update-source '192.168.0.2' - set protocols bgp 65535 address-family ipv4-unicast network '172.17.0.0/16' - set protocols bgp 65535 parameters router-id '192.168.0.2' - - -Don't forget, the CIDR declared in the network statement MUST **exist in your -routing table (dynamic or static), the best way to make sure that is true is -creating a static route:** - -**Node 1:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols static route 1.0.0.0/16 blackhole distance '254' - -**Node 2:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols static route 2.0.0.0/16 blackhole distance '254' - - -IPv6 -^^^^ - -A simple BGP configuration via IPv6. - -**Node 1:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 2001:db8::2 ebgp-multihop '2' - set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 2001:db8::2 remote-as '65535' - set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 2001:db8::2 update-source '2001:db8::1' - set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 2001:db8::2 address-family ipv6-unicast - set protocols bgp 65534 address-family ipv6-unicast network '2001:db8:1::/48' - set protocols bgp 65534 parameters router-id '10.1.1.1' - -**Node 2:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 ebgp-multihop '2' - set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 remote-as '65534' - set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 update-source '2001:db8::2' - set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 address-family ipv6-unicast - set protocols bgp 65535 address-family ipv6-unicast network '2001:db8:2::/48' - set protocols bgp 65535 parameters router-id '10.1.1.2' - -Don't forget, the CIDR declared in the network statement **MUST exist in your -routing table (dynamic or static), the best way to make sure that is true is -creating a static route:** - -**Node 1:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols static route6 2a001:100:1::/48 blackhole distance '254' - -**Node 2:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols static route6 2001:db8:2::/48 blackhole distance '254' - -Route Filter -^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -Route filter can be applied using a route-map: - -**Node1:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set policy prefix-list AS65535-IN rule 10 action 'permit' - set policy prefix-list AS65535-IN rule 10 prefix '172.16.0.0/16' - set policy prefix-list AS65535-OUT rule 10 action 'deny' - set policy prefix-list AS65535-OUT rule 10 prefix '172.16.0.0/16' - set policy prefix-list6 AS65535-IN rule 10 action 'permit' - set policy prefix-list6 AS65535-IN rule 10 prefix '2001:db8:2::/48' - set policy prefix-list6 AS65535-OUT rule 10 action 'deny' - set policy prefix-list6 AS65535-OUT rule 10 prefix '2001:db8:2::/48' - set policy route-map AS65535-IN rule 10 action 'permit' - set policy route-map AS65535-IN rule 10 match ip address prefix-list 'AS65535-IN' - set policy route-map AS65535-IN rule 10 match ipv6 address prefix-list 'AS65535-IN' - set policy route-map AS65535-IN rule 20 action 'deny' - set policy route-map AS65535-OUT rule 10 action 'deny' - set policy route-map AS65535-OUT rule 10 match ip address prefix-list 'AS65535-OUT' - set policy route-map AS65535-OUT rule 10 match ipv6 address prefix-list 'AS65535-OUT' - set policy route-map AS65535-OUT rule 20 action 'permit' - set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 2001:db8::2 route-map export 'AS65535-OUT' - set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 2001:db8::2 route-map import 'AS65535-IN' - -**Node2:** - -.. code-block:: sh - - set policy prefix-list AS65534-IN rule 10 action 'permit' - set policy prefix-list AS65534-IN rule 10 prefix '172.17.0.0/16' - set policy prefix-list AS65534-OUT rule 10 action 'deny' - set policy prefix-list AS65534-OUT rule 10 prefix '172.17.0.0/16' - set policy prefix-list6 AS65534-IN rule 10 action 'permit' - set policy prefix-list6 AS65534-IN rule 10 prefix '2001:db8:1::/48' - set policy prefix-list6 AS65534-OUT rule 10 action 'deny' - set policy prefix-list6 AS65534-OUT rule 10 prefix '2001:db8:1::/48' - set policy route-map AS65534-IN rule 10 action 'permit' - set policy route-map AS65534-IN rule 10 match ip address prefix-list 'AS65534-IN' - set policy route-map AS65534-IN rule 10 match ipv6 address prefix-list 'AS65534-IN' - set policy route-map AS65534-IN rule 20 action 'deny' - set policy route-map AS65534-OUT rule 10 action 'deny' - set policy route-map AS65534-OUT rule 10 match ip address prefix-list 'AS65534-OUT' - set policy route-map AS65534-OUT rule 10 match ipv6 address prefix-list 'AS65534-OUT' - set policy route-map AS65534-OUT rule 20 action 'permit' - set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 route-map export 'AS65534-OUT' - set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 route-map import 'AS65534-IN' - -We could expand on this and also deny link local and multicast in the rule 20 -action deny. - - -ARP ---- - -To manipulate or display ARP_ table entries, the following commands are implemented. - -adding a static arp entry -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols static arp 10.1.1.100 hwaddr 08:00:27:de:23:aa - commit - -display arp table entries -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -.. code-block:: sh - - show protocols static arp - - Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface - 10.1.1.1 ether 08:00:27:de:23:2e C eth1 - 10.1.1.100 ether 08:00:27:de:23:aa CM eth1 - -.. code-block:: sh - - show protocols static arp interface eth1 - Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface - 10.1.1.1 ether 08:00:27:de:23:2e C eth1 - 10.1.1.100 ether 08:00:27:de:23:aa CM eth1 - - -Policy-Based Routing (PBR) --------------------------- - -VyOS supports Policy Routing, allowing traffic to be assigned to a different -routing table. Traffic can be matched using standard 5-tuple matching (source -address, destination address, protocol, source port, destination port). - -Transparent Proxy -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -The following example will show how VyOS can be used to redirect web traffic to -an external transparent proxy: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set policy route FILTER-WEB rule 1000 destination port 80 - set policy route FILTER-WEB rule 1000 protocol tcp - set policy route FILTER-WEB rule 1000 set table 100 - -This creates a route policy called FILTER-WEB with one rule to set the routing -table for matching traffic (TCP port 80) to table ID 100 instead of the -default routing table. - -To create routing table 100 and add a new default gateway to be used by -traffic matching our route policy: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols static table 100 route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 10.255.0.2 - -This can be confirmed using the show ip route table 100 operational command. - -Finally, to apply the policy route to ingress traffic on our LAN interface, -we use: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth1 policy route FILTER-WEB - - -Multiple Uplinks -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -VyOS Policy-Based Routing (PBR) works by matching source IP address ranges and -forwarding the traffic using different routing tables. - -Routing tables that will be used in this example are: - -* ``table 10`` Routing tabled used for VLAN 10 (192.168.188.0/24) -* ``table 11`` Routing tabled used for VLAN 11 (192.168.189.0/24) -* ``main`` Routing table used by VyOS and other interfaces not paritipating in PBR - -.. figure:: _static/images/pbr_example_1.png - :scale: 80 % - :alt: PBR multiple uplinks - - Policy-Based Routing with multiple ISP uplinks (source ./draw.io/pbr_example_1.drawio) - -Add default routes for routing ``table 10`` and ``table 11`` - -.. code-block:: sh - - set protocols static table 10 route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 192.0.1.1 - set protocols static table 11 route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 192.0.2.2 - -Add policy route matching VLAN source addresses - -.. code-block:: sh - - set policy route PBR rule 20 set table '10' - set policy route PBR rule 20 description 'Route VLAN10 traffic to table 10' - set policy route PBR rule 20 source address '192.168.188.0/24' - - set policy route PBR rule 20 set table '11' - set policy route PBR rule 20 description 'Route VLAN11 traffic to table 11' - set policy route PBR rule 20 source address '192.168.189.0/24' - -Apply routing policy to **inbound** direction of out VLAN interfaces - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth0 vif 10 policy route 'PBR' - set interfaces ethernet eth0 vif 11 policy route 'PBR' - - -**OPTIONAL:** Exclude Inter-VLAN traffic (between VLAN10 and VLAN11) from PBR - -.. code-block:: sh - - set policy route PBR rule 10 description 'VLAN10 <-> VLAN11 shortcut' - set policy route PBR rule 10 destination address '192.168.188.0/24' - set policy route PBR rule 10 destination address '192.168.189.0/24' - set policy route PBR rule 10 set table 'main' - -.. note:: Allows the VLAN10 and VLAN20 hosts to communicate with each other using the - main routing table. - -MSS Clamping -============ - -As Internet wide PMTU discovery rarely works we sometimes need to clamp our TCP -MSS value to a specific value. Starting with VyOS 1.2 there is a firewall option -to clamp your TCP MSS value for IPv4 and IPv6. - -Clamping can be disabled per interface using the `disable` keywork: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set firewall options interface pppoe0 disable - -IPv4 ----- - -Clamp outgoing MSS value in a TCP SYN packet to `1452` for `pppoe0` and `1372` -for your WireGuard `wg02` tunnel. - -.. code-block:: sh - - set firewall options interface pppoe0 adjust-mss '1452' - set firewall options interface wg02 adjust-mss '1372' - -IPv6 ----- - -Clamp outgoing MSS value in a TCP SYN packet to `1280` for both `pppoe0` and -`wg02` interface. - -To achieve the same for IPv6 please use: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set firewall options interface pppoe0 adjust-mss6 '1280' - set firewall options interface wg02 adjust-mss6 '1280' - -.. _ARP: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol |