.. _cli: ##################### Command Line Interface ##################### The VyOS :abbr:`CLI (Command-Line Interface)` comprises an operational and a configuration mode. Operational Mode ################ Operational mode allows for commands to perform operational system tasks and view system and service status, while configuration mode allows for the modification of system configuration. The CLI provides a built-in help system. In the CLI the ``?`` key may be used to display available commands. The ``TAB`` key can be used to auto-complete commands and will present the help system upon a conflict or unknown value. For example typing ``sh`` followed by the ``TAB`` key will complete to ``show``. Pressing ``TAB`` a second time will display the possible sub-commands of the ``show`` command. .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos:~$ s[tab] set show Example showing possible show commands: .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos:~$ show [tab] Possible completions: arp Show Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) information bridge Show bridging information cluster Show clustering information configuration Show running configuration conntrack Show conntrack entries in the conntrack table conntrack-sync Show connection syncing information date Show system date and time dhcp Show Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) information dhcpv6 Show status related to DHCPv6 disk Show status of disk device dns Show Domain Name Server (DNS) information file Show files for a particular image firewall Show firewall information flow-accounting Show flow accounting statistics hardware Show system hardware details history show command history host Show host information incoming Show ethernet input-policy information : q You can scroll up with the keys ``[Shift]+[PageUp]`` and scroll down with ``[Shift]+[PageDown]``. When the output of a command results in more lines than can be displayed on the terminal screen the output is paginated as indicated by a ``:`` prompt. When viewing in page mode the following commands are available: * ``q`` key can be used to cancel output * ``space`` will scroll down one page * ``b`` will scroll back one page * ``return`` will scroll down one line * ``up-arrow`` and ``down-arrow`` will scroll up or down one line at a time respectively * ``left-arrow`` and ``right-arrow`` can be used to scroll left or right in the event that the output has lines which exceed the terminal size. Configuration Mode ################## To enter configuration mode use the ``configure`` command: .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos:~$ configure [edit] vyos@vyos:~# .. note:: Prompt changes from ``$`` to ``#``. To exit configuration mode, type ``exit``. .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos:~# exit exit vyos@vyos:~$ See the configuration section of this document for more information on configuration mode. .. _configuration-overview: ###################### Configuration Overview ###################### VyOS makes use of a unified configuration file for the entire system's configuration: ``/config/config.boot``. This allows easy template creation, backup, and replication of system configuration. A system can thus also be easily cloned by simply copying the required configuration files. Terminology ########### live A VyOS system has three major types of configurations: * **Active** or **running configuration** is the system configuration that is loaded and currently active (used by VyOS). Any change in the configuration will have to be committed to belong to the active/running configuration. * **Working configuration** is the one that is currently being modified in configuration mode. Changes made to the working configuration do not go into effect until the changes are committed with the :cfgcmd:`commit` command. At which time the working configuration will become the active or running configuration. * **Saved configuration** is the one saved to a file using the :cfgcmd:`save` command. It allows you to keep safe a configuration for future uses. There can be multiple configuration files. The default or "boot" configuration is saved and loaded from the file ``/config/config.boot``. Seeing and navigating the configuration ======================================= .. opcmd:: show configuration View the current active configuration, also known as the running configuration, from the operational mode. .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos:~$ show configuration interfaces { ethernet eth0 { address dhcp hw-id 00:53:00:00:aa:01 } loopback lo { } } service { ssh { port 22 } } system { config-management { commit-revisions 20 } console { device ttyS0 { speed 9600 } } login { user vyos { authentication { encrypted-password **************** } level admin } } ntp { server 0.pool.ntp.org { } server 1.pool.ntp.org { } server 2.pool.ntp.org { } } syslog { global { facility all { level notice } facility protocols { level debug } } } } By default, the configuration is displayed in a hierarchy like the above example, this is only one of the possible ways to display the configuration. When the configuration is generated and the device is configured, changes are added through a collection of :cfgcmd:`set` and :cfgcmd:`delete` commands. .. opcmd:: show configuration commands Get a collection of all the set commands required which led to the running configuration. .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos:~$ show configuration commands set interfaces ethernet eth0 address 'dhcp' set interfaces ethernet eth0 hw-id '00:53:dd:44:3b:0f' set interfaces loopback 'lo' set service ssh port '22' set system config-management commit-revisions '20' set system console device ttyS0 speed '9600' set system login user vyos authentication encrypted-password '$6$Vt68...QzF0' set system login user vyos level 'admin' set system ntp server '0.pool.ntp.org' set system ntp server '1.pool.ntp.org' set system ntp server '2.pool.ntp.org' set system syslog global facility all level 'notice' set system syslog global facility protocols level 'debug' Both these ``show`` commands should be executed when in operational mode, they do not work directly in configuration mode. There is a special way on how to :ref:`run_opmode_from_config_mode`. .. hint:: Use the ``show configuration commands | strip-private`` command when you want to hide private data. You may want to do so if you want to share your configuration on the `forum`_. .. _`forum`: https://forum.vyos.io The config mode --------------- When entering the configuration mode you are navigating inside a tree structure, to enter configuration mode enter the command :opcmd:`configure` when in operational mode. .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos$ configure [edit] vyos@vyos# .. note:: When going into configuration mode, prompt changes from ``$`` to ``#``. All commands executed here are relative to the configuration level you have entered. You can do everything from the top level, but commands will be quite lengthy when manually typing them. The current hierarchy level can be changed by the :cfgcmd:`edit` command. .. code-block:: none [edit] vyos@vyos# edit interfaces ethernet eth0 [edit interfaces ethernet eth0] vyos@vyos# You are now in a sublevel relative to ``interfaces ethernet eth0``, all commands executed from this point on are relative to this sublevel. Use eithe the :cfgcmd:`top` or :cfgcmd:`exit` command to go back to the top of the hierarchy. You can also use the :cfgcmd:`up` command to move only one level up at a time. .. cfgcmd:: show The :cfgcmd:`show` command within configuration mode will show the working configuration indicating line changes with ``+`` for additions, ``>`` for replacements and ``-`` for deletions. **Example:** .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos:~$ configure [edit] vyos@vyos# show interfaces ethernet eth0 { description MY_OLD_DESCRIPTION disable hw-id 00:53:dd:44:3b:03 } loopback lo { } [edit] vyos@vyos# set interfaces ethernet eth0 address dhcp [edit] vyos@vyos# set interfaces ethernet eth0 description MY_NEW_DESCRIPTION [edit] vyos@vyos# delete interfaces ethernet eth0 disable [edit] vyos@vyos# show interfaces ethernet eth0 { + address dhcp > description MY_NEW_DESCRIPTION - disable hw-id 00:53:dd:44:3b:03 } loopback lo { } It is also possible to display all `set` commands within configuration mode using :cfgcmd:`show | commands` .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos# show interfaces ethernet eth0 | commands set address dhcp set hw-id 00:53:ad:44:3b:03 These commands are also relative to the level you are inside and only relevant configuration blocks will be displayed when entering a sub-level. .. code-block:: none [edit interfaces ethernet eth0] vyos@vyos# show address dhcp hw-id 00:53:ad:44:3b:03 Exiting from the configuration mode is done via the :cfgcmd:`exit` command from the top level, executing :cfgcmd:`exit` from within a sub-level takes you back to the top level. .. code-block:: none [edit interfaces ethernet eth0] vyos@vyos# exit [edit] vyos@vyos# exit Warning: configuration changes have not been saved. Editing the configuration ========================= The configuration can be edited by the use of :cfgcmd:`set` and :cfgcmd:`delete` commands from within configuration mode. .. cfgcmd:: set Use this command to set the value of a parameter or to create a new element. Configuration commands are flattened from the tree into 'one-liner' commands shown in :opcmd:`show configuration commands` from operation mode. Commands are relative to the level where they are executed and all redundant information from the current level is removed from the command entered. .. code-block:: none [edit] vyos@vyos# set interface ethernet eth0 address 192.0.2.100/24 .. code-block:: none [edit interfaces ethernet eth0] vyos@vyos# set address 203.0.113.6/24 These two commands above are essentially the same, just executed from different levels in the hierarchy. .. cfgcmd:: delete To delete a configuration entry use the :cfgcmd:`delete` command, this also deletes all sub-levels under the current level you've specified in the :cfgcmd:`delete` command. Deleting an entry will also result in the element reverting back to its default value if one exists. .. code-block:: none [edit interfaces ethernet eth0] vyos@vyos# delete address 192.0.2.100/24 .. cfgcmd:: commit Any change you do on the configuration, will not take effect until committed using the :cfgcmd:`commit` command in configuration mode. .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos# commit [edit] vyos@vyos# exit Warning: configuration changes have not been saved. vyos@vyos:~$ .. _save: .. cfgcmd:: save Use this command to preserve configuration changes upon reboot. By default it is stored at */config/config.boot*. In the case you want to store the configuration file somewhere else, you can add a local path, an SCP address, an FTP address or a TFTP address. .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos# save Saving configuration to '/config/config.boot'... Done .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos# save [tab] Possible completions: Save to system config file Save to file on local machine scp://:@:/ Save to file on remote machine ftp://:@/ Save to file on remote machine tftp:/// Save to file on remote machine vyos@vyos# save tftp://192.168.0.100/vyos-test.config.boot Saving configuration to 'tftp://192.168.0.100/vyos-test.config.boot'... ######################################################################## 100.0% Done .. cfgcmd:: exit [discard] Configuration mode can not be exited while uncommitted changes exist. To exit configuration mode without applying changes, the :cfgcmd:`exit discard` command must be used. All changes in the working config will thus be lost. .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos# exit Cannot exit: configuration modified. Use 'exit discard' to discard the changes and exit. [edit] vyos@vyos# exit discard .. cfgcmd:: commit-confirm Use this command to temporarily commit your changes and set the number of minutes available for validation. ``confirm`` must be entered within those minutes, otherwise the system will reboot into the previous configuration. The default value is 10 minutes. What if you are doing something dangerous? Suppose you want to setup a firewall, and you are not sure there are no mistakes that will lock you out of your system. You can use confirmed commit. If you issue the ``commit-confirm`` command, your changes will be commited, and if you don't issue issue the ``confirm`` command in 10 minutes, your system will reboot into previous config revision. .. code-block:: none vyos@router# set interfaces ethernet eth0 firewall local name FromWorld vyos@router# commit-confirm commit confirm will be automatically reboot in 10 minutes unless confirmed Proceed? [confirm]y [edit] vyos@router# confirm [edit] .. note:: A reboot because you did not enter ``confirm`` will not take you necessarily to the *saved configuration*, but to the point before the unfortunate commit. .. cfgcmd:: copy Copy a configuration element. You can copy and remove configuration subtrees. Suppose you set up a firewall ruleset ``FromWorld`` with one rule that allows traffic from specific subnet. Now you want to setup a similar rule, but for different subnet. Change your edit level to ``firewall name FromWorld`` and use ``copy rule 10 to rule 20``, then modify rule 20. .. code-block:: none vyos@router# show firewall name FromWorld default-action drop rule 10 { action accept source { address 203.0.113.0/24 } } [edit] vyos@router# edit firewall name FromWorld [edit firewall name FromWorld] vyos@router# copy rule 10 to rule 20 [edit firewall name FromWorld] vyos@router# set rule 20 source address 198.51.100.0/24 [edit firewall name FromWorld] vyos@router# commit [edit firewall name FromWorld] .. cfgcmd:: rename Rename a configuration element. You can also rename config subtrees: .. code-block:: none vyos@router# rename rule 10 to rule 5 [edit firewall name FromWorld] vyos@router# commit [edit firewall name FromWorld] Note that ``show`` command respects your edit level and from this level you can view the modified firewall ruleset with just ``show`` with no parameters. .. code-block:: none vyos@router# show default-action drop rule 5 { action accept source { address 203.0.113.0/24 } } rule 20 { action accept source { address 198.51.100.0/24 } } .. cfgcmd:: comment "comment text" Add comment as an annotation to a configuration node. The ``comment`` command allows you to insert a comment above the ```` configuration section. When shown, comments are enclosed with ``/*`` and ``*/`` as open/close delimiters. Comments need to be commited, just like other config changes. To remove an existing comment from your current configuration, specify an empty string enclosed in double quote marks (``""``) as the comment text. Example: .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos# comment firewall all-ping "Yes I know this VyOS is cool" vyos@vyos# commit vyos@vyos# show firewall { /* Yes I know this VyOS is cool */ all-ping enable broadcast-ping disable ... } .. note:: An important thing to note is that since the comment is added on top of the section, it will not appear if the ``show
`` command is used. With the above example, the `show firewall` command would return starting after the ``firewall {`` line, hiding the comment. .. _run_opmode_from_config_mode: Access opmode from config mode ============================== When inside configuration mode you are not directly able to execute operational commands. .. cfgcmd:: run Access to these commands are possible through the use of the ``run [command]`` command. From this command you will have access to everything accessible from operational mode. Command completion and syntax help with ``?`` and ``[tab]`` will also work. .. code-block:: none [edit] vyos@vyos# run show interfaces Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down Interface IP Address S/L Description --------- ---------- --- ----------- eth0 0.0.0.0/0 u/u Managing configurations ======================= VyOS comes with an integrated versioning system for the system configuration. It automatically maintains a backup of every previous configuration which has been committed to the system. The configurations are versioned locally for rollback but they can also be stored on a remote host for archiving/backup reasons. Local Archive ------------- Revisions are stored on disk. You can view, compare and rollback them to any previous revisions if something goes wrong. .. opcmd:: show system commit View all existing revisions on the local system. .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos:~$ show system commit 0 2015-03-30 08:53:03 by vyos via cli 1 2015-03-30 08:52:20 by vyos via cli 2 2015-03-26 21:26:01 by root via boot-config-loader 3 2015-03-26 20:43:18 by root via boot-config-loader 4 2015-03-25 11:06:14 by root via boot-config-loader 5 2015-03-25 01:04:28 by root via boot-config-loader 6 2015-03-25 00:16:47 by vyos via cli 7 2015-03-24 23:43:45 by root via boot-config-loader .. cfgcmd:: set system config-management commit-revisions You can specify the number of revisions stored on disk. N can be in the range of 0 - 65535. When the number of revisions exceeds the configured value, the oldest revision is removed. The default setting for this value is to store 100 revisions locally. Compare configurations ---------------------- VyOS lets you compare different configurations. .. cfgcmd:: compare Use this command to spot what the differences are between different configurations. .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos# compare [tab] Possible completions: Compare working & active configurations saved Compare working & saved configurations Compare working with revision N Compare revision N with M Revisions: 0 2013-12-17 20:01:37 root by boot-config-loader 1 2013-12-13 15:59:31 root by boot-config-loader 2 2013-12-12 21:56:22 vyos by cli 3 2013-12-12 21:55:11 vyos by cli 4 2013-12-12 21:27:54 vyos by cli 5 2013-12-12 21:23:29 vyos by cli 6 2013-12-12 21:13:59 root by boot-config-loader 7 2013-12-12 16:25:19 vyos by cli 8 2013-12-12 15:44:36 vyos by cli 9 2013-12-12 15:42:07 root by boot-config-loader 10 2013-12-12 15:42:06 root by init The command :cfgcmd:`compare` allows you to compare different type of configurations. It also lets you compare different revisions through the :cfgcmd:`compare N M` command, where N and M are revision numbers. The output will describe how the configuration N is when compared to M indicating with a plus sign (``+``) the additional parts N has when compared to M, and indicating with a minus sign (``-``) the lacking parts N misses when compared to M. .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos# compare 0 6 [edit interfaces] +dummy dum1 { + address 10.189.0.1/31 +} [edit interfaces ethernet eth0] +vif 99 { + address 10.199.0.1/31 +} -vif 900 { - address 192.0.2.4/24 -} .. opcmd:: show system commit diff Show commit revision difference. The command above also lets you see the difference between two commits. By default the difference with the running config is shown. .. code-block:: none vyos@router# run show system commit diff 4 [edit system] +ipv6 { + disable-forwarding +} This means four commits ago we did ``set system ipv6 disable-forwarding``. Rollback Changes ---------------- You can rollback configuration changes using the rollback command. This will apply the selected revision and trigger a system reboot. .. cfgcmd:: rollback Rollback to revision N (currently requires reboot) .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos# compare 1 [edit system] >host-name vyos-1 [edit] vyos@vyos# rollback 1 Proceed with reboot? [confirm][y] Broadcast message from root@vyos-1 (pts/0) (Tue Dec 17 21:07:45 2013): The system is going down for reboot NOW! Remote Archive -------------- VyOS can upload the configuration to a remote location after each call to :cfgcmd:`commit`. You will have to set the commit-archive location. TFTP, FTP, SCP and SFTP servers are supported. Every time a :cfgcmd:`commit` is successfull the ``config.boot`` file will be copied to the defined destination(s). The filename used on the remote host will be ``config.boot-hostname.YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS``. .. cfgcmd:: set system config-management commit-archive location Specify remote location of commit archive as any of the below :abbr:`URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)` * ``scp://:@:/`` * ``sftp://:@/`` * ``ftp://:@/`` * ``tftp:///`` .. note:: The number of revisions don't affect the commit-archive. .. note:: You may find VyOS not allowing the secure connection because it cannot verify the legitimacy of the remote server. You can use the workaround below to quickly add the remote host's SSH fingerprint to your ``~/.ssh/known_hosts`` file: .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos# ssh-keyscan >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts Saving and loading manually --------------------------- You can use the ``save`` and ``load`` commands if you want to manually manage specific configuration files. When using the save_ command, you can add a specific location where to store your configuration file. And, when needed it, you will be able to load it with the ``load`` command: .. cfgcmd:: load Use this command to load a configuration which will replace the running configuration. Define the location of the configuration file to be loaded. You can use a path to a local file, an SCP address, an SFTP address, an FTP address, an HTTP address, an HTTPS address or a TFTP address. .. code-block:: none vyos@vyos# load Possible completions: Load from system config file Load from file on local machine scp://:@:/ Load from file on remote machine sftp://:@/ Load from file on remote machine ftp://:@/ Load from file on remote machine http:/// Load from file on remote machine https:/// Load from file on remote machine tftp:/// Load from file on remote machine Restore Default --------------- In the case you want to completely delete your configuration and restore the default one, you can enter the following command in configuration mode: .. code-block:: none load /opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default You will be asked if you want to continue. If you accept, you will have to use :cfgcmd:`commit` if you want to make the changes active. Then you may want to :cfgcmd:`save` in order to delete the saved configuration too. .. note:: If you are remotely connected, you will lose your connection. You may want to copy first the config, edit it to ensure connectivity, and load the edited config.