.. _wan-load-balancing:

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WAN Load Balancer examples
==========================


Example 1: Distributing load evenly
-----------------------------------

The setup used in this example is shown in the following diagram:

.. image:: /_static/images/Wan_load_balancing1.png
   :width: 80%
   :align: center
   :alt: Network Topology Diagram


Overview
^^^^^^^^
 * All traffic coming in trough eth2 is balanced between eth0 and eth1
   on the router.
 * Pings will be sent to four targets for health testing (33.44.55.66,
   44.55.66.77, 55.66.77.88 and 66.77.88.99).
 * All outgoing packets are assigned the source address of the assigned
   interface (SNAT).
 * eth0 is set to be removed from the load balancer's interface pool
   after 5 ping failures, eth1 will be removed after 4 ping failures.

Create static routes to ping targets
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Create static routes through the two ISPs towards the ping targets and
commit the changes:

.. code-block:: none

   set protocols static route 33.44.55.66/32 next-hop 11.22.33.1
   set protocols static route 44.55.66.77/32 next-hop 11.22.33.1 
   set protocols static route 55.66.77.88/32 next-hop 22.33.44.1
   set protocols static route 66.77.88.99/32 next-hop 22.33.44.1

Configure the load balancer
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Configure the WAN load balancer with the parameters described above:

.. code-block:: none

   set load-balancing wan interface-health eth0 failure-count 5
   set load-balancing wan interface-health eth0 nexthop 11.22.33.1
   set load-balancing wan interface-health eth0 test 10 type ping
   set load-balancing wan interface-health eth0 test 10 target 33.44.55.66
   set load-balancing wan interface-health eth0 test 20 type ping
   set load-balancing wan interface-health eth0 test 20 target 44.55.66.77
   set load-balancing wan interface-health eth1 failure-count 4
   set load-balancing wan interface-health eth1 nexthop 22.33.44.1
   set load-balancing wan interface-health eth1 test 10 type ping
   set load-balancing wan interface-health eth1 test 10 target 55.66.77.88
   set load-balancing wan interface-health eth1 test 20 type ping
   set load-balancing wan interface-health eth1 test 20 target 66.77.88.99
   set load-balancing wan rule 10 inbound-interface eth2
   set load-balancing wan rule 10 interface eth0
   set load-balancing wan rule 10 interface eth1

Example 2: Failover based on interface weights
----------------------------------------------

This examples uses the failover mode.

Overview
^^^^^^^^
In this example eth0 is the primary interface and eth1 is the secondary
interface to provide simple failover functionality. If eth0 fails, eth1
takes over.

Create interface weight based configuration
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The configuration steps are the same as in the previous example, except
rule 10 so we keep the configuration, remove rule 10 and add a new rule
for the failover mode:

.. code-block:: none

   delete load-balancing wan rule 10
   set load-balancing wan rule 10 failover
   set load-balancing wan rule 10 inbound-interface eth2
   set load-balancing wan rule 10 interface eth0 weight 10
   set load-balancing wan rule 10 interface eth1 weight 1

Example 3: Failover based on rule order
---------------------------------------

The previous example used the failover command to send traffic thorugh
eth1 if eth0 fails. In this example failover functionality is provided
by rule order.

Overview
^^^^^^^^
Two rules will be created, the first rule directs traffic coming in
from eth2 to eth0 and the second rule directs the traffic to eth1. If
eth0 fails the first rule is bypassed and the second rule matches,
directing traffic to eth1.

Create rule order based configuration
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
We keep the configurtation from the previous example, delete rule 10
and create the two new rules as described:

.. code-block:: none

   delete load-balancing wan rule 10
   set load-balancing wan rule 10 inbound-interface eth2
   set load-balancing wan rule 10 interface eth0
   set load-balancing wan rule 20 inbound-interface eth2
   set load-balancing wan rule 20 interface eth1

Example 4: Failover based on rule order - priority traffic
----------------------------------------------------------

A rule order for prioritising traffic is useful in scenarios where the
secondary link has a lower speed and should only carry high priority
traffic. It is assumed for this example that eth1 is connected to a
slower connection than eth0 and should prioritise VoIP traffic.

Overview
^^^^^^^^
A rule order for prioritising traffic is useful in scenarios where the
secondary link has a lower speed and should only carry high priority
traffic. It is assumed for this example that eth1 is connected to a
slower connection than eth0 and should prioritise VoIP traffic. 

Create rule order based configuration with low speed secondary link
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
We keep the configuration from the previous example, delete rule 20 and
create a new rule as described: 

.. code-block:: none

   delete load-balancing wan rule 20
   set load-balancing wan rule 20 inbound-interface eth2
   set load-balancing wan rule 20 interface eth1
   set load-balancing wan rule 20 destination port sip
   set load-balancing wan rule 20 protocol tcp
   set protocols static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 11.22.33.1

Example 5: Exclude traffic from load balancing
----------------------------------------------

In this example two LAN interfaces exist in different subnets instead
of one like in the previous examples:

.. image:: /_static/images/Wan_load_balancing_exclude1.png                      
   :width: 80%                                                          
   :align: center                                                       
   :alt: Network Topology Diagram 

Adding a rule for the second interface
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Based on the previous example, another rule for traffic from the second
interface eth3 can be added to the load balancer. However, traffic meant
to flow between the LAN subnets will be sent to eth0 and eth1 as well.
To prevent this, another rule is required. This rule excludes traffic
between the local subnets from the load balancer. It also excludes
locally-sources packets (required for web caching with load balancing).
eth+ is used as an alias that refers to all ethernet interfaces:

.. code-block:: none

   set load-balancing wan rule 5 exclude
   set load-balancing wan rule 5 inbound-interface eth+
   set load-balancing wan rule 5 destination address 10.0.0.0/8

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