.. _rpki: #### RPKI #### .. pull-quote:: There are two types of Network Admins who deal with BGP, those who have created an international incident and/or outage, and those who are lying -- `tweet by EvilMog`_, 2020-02-21 :abbr:`RPKI (Resource Public Key Infrastructure)` is a framework :abbr:`PKI (Public Key Infrastructure)` designed to secure the Internet routing infrastructure. It associates BGP route announcements with the correct originating :abbr:`ASN (Autonomus System Number)` which BGP routers can then use to check each route against the corresponding :abbr:`ROA (Route Origin Authorisation)` for validity. RPKI is described in :rfc:`6480`. A BGP-speaking router like VyOS can retrieve ROA information from RPKI "Relying Party software" (often just called an "RPKI server" or "RPKI validator") by using :abbr:`RTR (RPKI to Router)` protocol. There are several open source implementations to choose from, such as NLNetLabs' Routinator_ (written in Rust), Cloudflare's GoRTR_ and OctoRPKI_ (written in Go), and RIPE NCC's RPKI Validator_ (written in Java). The RTR protocol is described in :rfc:`8210`. .. tip:: If you are new to these routing security technologies then there is an `excellent guide to RPKI`_ by NLnet Labs which will get you up to speed very quickly. Their documentation explains everything from what RPKI is to deploying it in production. It also has some `help and operational guidance`_ including "What can I do about my route having an Invalid state?" *************** Getting started *************** First you will need to deploy an RPKI validator for your routers to use. The RIPE NCC helpfully provide `some instructions`_ to get you started with several different options. Once your server is running you can start validating announcements. Imported prefixes during the validation may have values: valid The prefix and ASN that originated it match a signed ROA. These are probably trustworthy route announcements. invalid The prefix or prefix length and ASN that originated it doesn't match any existing ROA. This could be the result of a prefix hijack, or merely a misconfiguration, but should probably be treated as untrustworthy route announcements. notfound No ROA exists which covers that prefix. Unfortunately this is the case for about 80% of the IPv4 prefixes which were announced to the :abbr:`DFZ (default-free zone)` at the start of 2020 .. note:: If you are responsible for the global addresses assigned to your network, please make sure that your prefixes have ROAs associated with them to avoid being `notfound` by RPKI. For most ASNs this will involve publishing ROAs via your :abbr:`RIR (Regional Internet Registry)` (RIPE NCC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC or AFRINIC), and is something you are encouraged to do whenever you plan to announce addresses into the DFZ. Particularly large networks may wish to run their own RPKI certificate authority and publication server instead of publishing ROAs via their RIR. This is a subject far beyond the scope of VyOS' documentation. Consider reading about Krill_ if this is a rabbit hole you need or especially want to dive down. Features of the Current Implementation ====================================== In a nutshell, the current implementation provides the following features: * The BGP router can connect to one or more RPKI cache servers to receive validated prefix to origin AS mappings. Advanced failover can be implemented by server sockets with different preference values. * If no connection to an RPKI cache server can be established after a pre-defined timeout, the router will process routes without prefix origin validation. It still will try to establish a connection to an RPKI cache server in the background. * By default, enabling RPKI does not change best path selection. In particular, invalid prefixes will still be considered during best path selection. However, the router can be configured to ignore all invalid prefixes. * Route maps can be configured to match a specific RPKI validation state. This allows the creation of local policies, which handle BGP routes based on the outcome of the Prefix Origin Validation. * Updates from the RPKI cache servers are directly applied and path selection is updated accordingly. (Soft reconfiguration must be enabled for this to work). ************* Configuration ************* .. cfgcmd:: set protocols rpki polling-period <1-86400> Define the time interval to update the local cache The default value is 300 seconds. .. cfgcmd:: set protocols rpki expire-interval <600-172800> Set the number of seconds the router waits until the router expires the cache. The default value is 7200 seconds. .. cfgcmd:: set protocols rpki retry-interval <1-7200> Set the number of seconds the router waits until retrying to connect to the cache server. The default value is 600 seconds. .. cfgcmd:: set protocols rpki cache
port Defined the IPv4, IPv6 or FQDN and port number of the caching RPKI caching instance which is used. This is a mandatory setting. .. cfgcmd:: set protocols rpki cache
preference Multiple RPKI caching instances can be supplied and they need a preference in which their result sets are used. This is a mandatory setting. SSH === Connections to the RPKI caching server can not only be established by TCP using the RTR protocol but you can also rely on a secure SSH session to the server. This provides transport integrity and confidentiality and it is a good idea if your validation software supports it. To enable SSH, first you need to create an SSH client keypair using ``generate ssh client-key /config/auth/id_rsa_rpki``. Once your key is created you can setup the connection. .. cfgcmd:: set protocols rpki cache
ssh username SSH username to establish an SSH connection to the cache server. .. cfgcmd:: set protocols rpki cache
ssh private-key-file Local path that includes the private key file of the router. .. cfgcmd:: set protocols rpki cache
ssh public-key-file Local path that includes the public key file of the router. .. note:: When using SSH, private-key-file and public-key-file are mandatory options. ******* Example ******* We can build route-maps for import based on these states. Here is a simple RPKI configuration, where `routinator` is the RPKI-validating "cache" server with ip `192.0.2.1`: .. code-block:: none set protocols rpki cache 192.0.2.1 port '3323' set protocols rpki cache 192.0.2.1 preference '1' Here is an example route-map to apply to routes learned at import. In this filter we reject prefixes with the state `invalid`, and set a higher `local-preference` if the prefix is RPKI `valid` rather than merely `notfound`. .. code-block:: none set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 10 action 'permit' set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 10 match rpki 'valid' set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 10 set local-preference '300' set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 20 action 'permit' set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 20 match rpki 'notfound' set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 20 set local-preference '125' set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 30 action 'deny' set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 30 match rpki 'invalid' Once your routers are configured to reject RPKI-invalid prefixes, you can test whether the configuration is working correctly using the `RIPE Labs RPKI Test`_ experimental tool. .. stop_vyoslinter .. _tweet by EvilMog: https://twitter.com/Evil_Mog/status/1230924170508169216 .. _Routinator: https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/projects/rpki/routinator/ .. _GoRTR: https://github.com/cloudflare/gortr .. _OctoRPKI: https://github.com/cloudflare/cfrpki#octorpki .. _Validator: https://www.ripe.net/manage-ips-and-asns/resource-management/rpki/tools-and-resources .. _some instructions: https://labs.ripe.net/Members/tashi_phuntsho_3/how-to-install-an-rpki-validator .. _Krill: https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/projects/rpki/krill/ .. _RIPE Labs RPKI Test: https://sg-pub.ripe.net/jasper/rpki-web-test/ .. _excellent guide to RPKI: https://rpki.readthedocs.io/ .. _help and operational guidance: https://rpki.readthedocs.io/en/latest/about/help.html .. start_vyoslinter