.. _ipsec: ##### IPsec ##### :abbr:`GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation)`, GRE/IPsec (or IPIP/IPsec, SIT/IPsec, or any other stateless tunnel protocol over IPsec) is the usual way to protect the traffic inside a tunnel. An advantage of this scheme is that you get a real interface with its own address, which makes it easier to setup static routes or use dynamic routing protocols without having to modify IPsec policies. The other advantage is that it greatly simplifies router to router communication, which can be tricky with plain IPsec because the external outgoing address of the router usually doesn't match the IPsec policy of a typical site-to-site setup and you would need to add special configuration for it, or adjust the source address of the outgoing traffic of your applications. GRE/IPsec has no such problem and is completely transparent for applications. GRE/IPIP/SIT and IPsec are widely accepted standards, which make this scheme easy to implement between VyOS and virtually any other router. For simplicity we'll assume that the protocol is GRE, it's not hard to guess what needs to be changed to make it work with a different protocol. We assume that IPsec will use pre-shared secret authentication and will use AES128/SHA1 for the cipher and hash. Adjust this as necessary. .. NOTE:: VMware users should ensure that a VMXNET3 adapter is used. E1000 adapters have known issues with GRE processing. ************************************** IKE (Internet Key Exchange) Attributes ************************************** IKE performs mutual authentication between two parties and establishes an IKE security association (SA) that includes shared secret information that can be used to efficiently establish SAs for Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) or Authentication Header (AH) and a set of cryptographic algorithms to be used by the SAs to protect the traffic that they carry. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5996 In VyOS, IKE attributes are specified through IKE groups. Multiple proposals can be specified in a single group. VyOS IKE group has the next options: * ``close-action`` defines the action to take if the remote peer unexpectedly closes a CHILD_SA: * ``none`` set action to none (default); * ``trap`` installs a trap policy for the CHILD_SA; * ``start`` tries to immediately re-create the CHILD_SA; * ``dead-peer-detection`` controls the use of the Dead Peer Detection protocol (DPD, RFC 3706) where R_U_THERE notification messages (IKEv1) or empty INFORMATIONAL messages (IKEv2) are periodically sent in order to check the liveliness of the IPsec peer: * ``action`` keep-alive failure action: * ``trap`` installs a trap policy, which will catch matching traffic and tries to re-negotiate the tunnel on-demand; * ``clear`` closes the CHILD_SA and does not take further action (default); * ``restart`` immediately tries to re-negotiate the CHILD_SA under a fresh IKE_SA; * ``interval`` keep-alive interval in seconds <2-86400> (default 30); * ``timeout`` keep-alive timeout in seconds <2-86400> (default 120) IKEv1 only * ``ikev2-reauth`` whether rekeying of an IKE_SA should also reauthenticate the peer. In IKEv1, reauthentication is always done. Setting this parameter enables remote host re-authentication during an IKE rekey. * ``key-exchange`` which protocol should be used to initialize the connection If not set both protocols are handled and connections will use IKEv2 when initiating, but accept any protocol version when responding: * ``ikev1`` use IKEv1 for Key Exchange; * ``ikev2`` use IKEv2 for Key Exchange; * ``lifetime`` IKE lifetime in seconds <0-86400> (default 28800); * ``disable-mobike`` disables MOBIKE Support. MOBIKE is only available for IKEv2 and enabled by default. * ``mode`` IKEv1 Phase 1 Mode Selection: * ``main`` use Main mode for Key Exchanges in the IKEv1 Protocol (Recommended Default); * ``aggressive`` use Aggressive mode for Key Exchanges in the IKEv1 protocol aggressive mode is much more insecure compared to Main mode; * ``proposal`` the list of proposals and their parameters: * ``dh-group`` dh-group; * ``encryption`` encryption algorithm; * ``hash`` hash algorithm. * ``prf`` pseudo-random function. *********************************************** ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) Attributes *********************************************** ESP is used to provide confidentiality, data origin authentication, connectionless integrity, an anti-replay service (a form of partial sequence integrity), and limited traffic flow confidentiality. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4303 In VyOS, ESP attributes are specified through ESP groups. Multiple proposals can be specified in a single group. VyOS ESP group has the next options: * ``compression`` Enables the IPComp(IP Payload Compression) protocol which allows compressing the content of IP packets. * ``life-bytes`` ESP life in bytes <1024-26843545600000>. Number of bytes transmitted over an IPsec SA before it expires; * ``life-packets`` ESP life in packets <1000-26843545600000>. Number of packets transmitted over an IPsec SA before it expires; * ``lifetime`` ESP lifetime in seconds <30-86400> (default 3600). How long a particular instance of a connection (a set of encryption/authentication keys for user packets) should last, from successful negotiation to expiry; * ``mode`` the type of the connection: * ``tunnel`` tunnel mode (default); * ``transport`` transport mode; * ``pfs`` whether Perfect Forward Secrecy of keys is desired on the connection's keying channel and defines a Diffie-Hellman group for PFS: * ``enable`` Inherit Diffie-Hellman group from IKE group (default); * ``disable`` Disable PFS; * ``< dh-group >`` defines a Diffie-Hellman group for PFS; * ``proposal`` ESP-group proposal with number <1-65535>: * ``encryption`` encryption algorithm (default 128 bit AES-CBC); * ``hash`` hash algorithm (default sha1). *********************************************** Options (Global IPsec settings) Attributes *********************************************** * ``options`` * ``disable-route-autoinstall`` Do not automatically install routes to remote networks; * ``flexvpn`` Allows FlexVPN vendor ID payload (IKEv2 only). Send the Cisco FlexVPN vendor ID payload (IKEv2 only), which is required in order to make Cisco brand devices allow negotiating a local traffic selector (from strongSwan's point of view) that is not the assigned virtual IP address if such an address is requested by strongSwan. Sending the Cisco FlexVPN vendor ID prevents the peer from narrowing the initiator's local traffic selector and allows it to e.g. negotiate a TS of 0.0.0.0/0 == 0.0.0.0/0 instead. This has been tested with a "tunnel mode ipsec ipv4" Cisco template but should also work for GRE encapsulation; * ``interface`` Interface Name to use. The name of the interface on which virtual IP addresses should be installed. If not specified the addresses will be installed on the outbound interface; * ``virtual-ip`` Allows the installation of virtual-ip addresses. A comma separated list of virtual IPs to request in IKEv2 configuration payloads or IKEv1 Mode Config. The wildcard addresses 0.0.0.0 and :: request an arbitrary address, specific addresses may be defined. The responder may return a different address, or none at all. Define the ``virtual-address`` option to configure the IP address in a site-to-site hierarchy. ************************* IPsec policy matching GRE ************************* The first and arguably cleaner option is to make your IPsec policy match GRE packets between external addresses of your routers. This is the best option if both routers have static external addresses. Suppose the LEFT router has external address 192.0.2.10 on its eth0 interface, and the RIGHT router is 203.0.113.45 On the LEFT: .. code-block:: none # GRE tunnel set interfaces tunnel tun0 encapsulation gre set interfaces tunnel tun0 source-address 192.0.2.10 set interfaces tunnel tun0 remote 203.0.113.45 set interfaces tunnel tun0 address 10.10.10.1/30 ## IPsec set vpn ipsec interface eth0 # Pre-shared-secret set vpn ipsec authentication psk vyos id 192.0.2.10 set vpn ipsec authentication psk vyos id 203.0.113.45 set vpn ipsec authentication psk vyos secret MYSECRETKEY # IKE group set vpn ipsec ike-group MyIKEGroup proposal 1 dh-group '2' set vpn ipsec ike-group MyIKEGroup proposal 1 encryption 'aes128' set vpn ipsec ike-group MyIKEGroup proposal 1 hash 'sha1' # ESP group set vpn ipsec esp-group MyESPGroup proposal 1 encryption 'aes128' set vpn ipsec esp-group MyESPGroup proposal 1 hash 'sha1' # IPsec tunnel set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer right authentication mode pre-shared-secret set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer right authentication remote-id 203.0.113.45 set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer right ike-group MyIKEGroup set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer right default-esp-group MyESPGroup set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer right local-address 192.0.2.10 set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer right remote-address 203.0.113.45 # This will match all GRE traffic to the peer set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer right tunnel 1 protocol gre On the RIGHT, setup by analogy and swap local and remote addresses. Source tunnel from dummy interface ================================== The scheme above doesn't work when one of the routers has a dynamic external address though. The classic workaround for this is to setup an address on a loopback interface and use it as a source address for the GRE tunnel, then setup an IPsec policy to match those loopback addresses. We assume that the LEFT router has static 192.0.2.10 address on eth0, and the RIGHT router has a dynamic address on eth0. The peer names RIGHT and LEFT are used as informational text. **Setting up the GRE tunnel** On the LEFT: .. code-block:: none set interfaces dummy dum0 address 192.168.99.1/32 set interfaces tunnel tun0 encapsulation gre set interfaces tunnel tun0 address 10.10.10.1/30 set interfaces tunnel tun0 source-address 192.168.99.1 set interfaces tunnel tun0 remote 192.168.99.2 On the RIGHT: .. code-block:: none set interfaces dummy dum0 address 192.168.99.2/32 set interfaces tunnel tun0 encapsulation gre set interfaces tunnel tun0 address 10.10.10.2/30 set interfaces tunnel tun0 source-address 192.168.99.2 set interfaces tunnel tun0 remote 192.168.99.1 **Setting up IPSec** However, now you need to make IPsec work with dynamic address on one side. The tricky part is that pre-shared secret authentication doesn't work with dynamic address, so we'll have to use RSA keys. First, on both routers run the operational command "generate pki key-pair install ". You may choose different length than 2048 of course. .. code-block:: none vyos@left# run generate pki key-pair install ipsec-LEFT Enter private key type: [rsa, dsa, ec] (Default: rsa) Enter private key bits: (Default: 2048) Note: If you plan to use the generated key on this router, do not encrypt the private key. Do you want to encrypt the private key with a passphrase? [y/N] N Configure mode commands to install key pair: Do you want to install the public key? [Y/n] Y set pki key-pair ipsec-LEFT public key 'MIIBIjANBgkqh...' Do you want to install the private key? [Y/n] Y set pki key-pair ipsec-LEFT private key 'MIIEvgIBADAN...' [edit] Configuration commands for the private and public key will be displayed on the screen which needs to be set on the router first. Note the command with the public key (set pki key-pair ipsec-LEFT public key 'MIIBIjANBgkqh...'). Then do the same on the opposite router: .. code-block:: none vyos@left# run generate pki key-pair install ipsec-RIGHT Note the command with the public key (set pki key-pair ipsec-RIGHT public key 'FAAOCAQ8AMII...'). Now the noted public keys should be entered on the opposite routers. On the LEFT: .. code-block:: none set pki key-pair ipsec-RIGHT public key 'FAAOCAQ8AMII...' On the RIGHT: .. code-block:: none set pki key-pair ipsec-LEFT public key 'MIIBIjANBgkqh...' Now you are ready to setup IPsec. You'll need to use an ID instead of address for the peer. On the LEFT (static address): .. code-block:: none set vpn ipsec interface eth0 set vpn ipsec esp-group MyESPGroup proposal 1 encryption aes128 set vpn ipsec esp-group MyESPGroup proposal 1 hash sha1 set vpn ipsec ike-group MyIKEGroup proposal 1 dh-group 2 set vpn ipsec ike-group MyIKEGroup proposal 1 encryption aes128 set vpn ipsec ike-group MyIKEGroup proposal 1 hash sha1 set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer RIGHT authentication local-id LEFT set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer RIGHT authentication mode rsa set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer RIGHT authentication rsa local-key ipsec-LEFT set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer RIGHT authentication rsa remote-key ipsec-RIGHT set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer RIGHT authentication remote-id RIGHT set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer RIGHT default-esp-group MyESPGroup set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer RIGHT ike-group MyIKEGroup set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer RIGHT local-address 192.0.2.10 set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer RIGHT connection-type respond set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer RIGHT tunnel 1 local prefix 192.168.99.1/32 # Additional loopback address on the local set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer RIGHT tunnel 1 remote prefix 192.168.99.2/32 # Additional loopback address on the remote On the RIGHT (dynamic address): .. code-block:: none set vpn ipsec interface eth0 set vpn ipsec esp-group MyESPGroup proposal 1 encryption aes128 set vpn ipsec esp-group MyESPGroup proposal 1 hash sha1 set vpn ipsec ike-group MyIKEGroup proposal 1 dh-group 2 set vpn ipsec ike-group MyIKEGroup proposal 1 encryption aes128 set vpn ipsec ike-group MyIKEGroup proposal 1 hash sha1 set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT authentication local-id RIGHT set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT authentication mode rsa set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT authentication rsa local-key ipsec-RIGHT set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT authentication rsa remote-key ipsec-LEFT set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT authentication remote-id LEFT set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT connection-type initiate set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT default-esp-group MyESPGroup set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT ike-group MyIKEGroup set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT local-address any set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT remote-address 192.0.2.10 set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT tunnel 1 local prefix 192.168.99.2/32 # Additional loopback address on the local set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT tunnel 1 remote prefix 192.168.99.1/32 # Additional loopback address on the remote ******************************************* IKEv2 IPSec road-warriors remote-access VPN ******************************************* Internet Key Exchange version 2, IKEv2 for short, is a request/response protocol developed by both Cisco and Microsoft. It is used to establish and secure IPv4/IPv6 connections, be it a site-to-site VPN or from a road-warrior connecting to a hub site. IKEv2, when run in point-to-multipoint, or remote-access/road-warrior mode, secures the server-side with another layer by using an x509 signed server certificate. Key exchange and payload encryption is still done using IKE and ESP proposals as known from IKEv1 but the connections are faster to establish, more reliable, and also support roaming from IP to IP (called MOBIKE which makes sure your connection does not drop when changing networks from e.g. WIFI to LTE and back). This feature closely works together with :ref:`pki` subsystem as you required a x509 certificate. Example ======= This example uses CACert as certificate authority. .. code-block:: set pki ca CAcert_Class_3_Root certificate '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' set pki ca CAcert_Signing_Authority certificate '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' After you obtain your server certificate you can import it from a file on the local filesystem, or paste it into the CLI. Please note that when entering the certificate manually you need to strip the ``-----BEGIN KEY-----`` and ``-----END KEY-----`` tags. Also, the certificate or key needs to be presented in a single line without line breaks (``\n``). To import it from the filesystem use: .. code-block:: import pki certificate file /path/to/cert.pem In our example the certificate name is called vyos: .. code-block:: set pki certificate vyos certificate 'MIIE45s...' set pki certificate vyos private key 'MIIEvgI...' After the PKI certs are all set up we can start configuring our IPSec/IKE proposals used for key-exchange end data encryption. The used encryption ciphers and integrity algorithms vary from operating system to operating system. The ones used in this post are validated to work on both Windows 10 and iOS/iPadOS 14 to 17. .. code-block:: set vpn ipsec esp-group ESP-RW compression 'disable' set vpn ipsec esp-group ESP-RW lifetime '3600' set vpn ipsec esp-group ESP-RW pfs 'disable' set vpn ipsec esp-group ESP-RW proposal 10 encryption 'aes128gcm128' set vpn ipsec esp-group ESP-RW proposal 10 hash 'sha256' set vpn ipsec ike-group IKE-RW key-exchange 'ikev2' set vpn ipsec ike-group IKE-RW lifetime '7200' set vpn ipsec ike-group IKE-RW mobike 'enable' set vpn ipsec ike-group IKE-RW proposal 10 dh-group '14' set vpn ipsec ike-group IKE-RW proposal 10 encryption 'aes128gcm128' set vpn ipsec ike-group IKE-RW proposal 10 hash 'sha256' Every connection/remote-access pool we configure also needs a pool where we can draw our client IP addresses from. We provide one IPv4 and IPv6 pool. Authorized clients will receive an IPv4 address from the 192.0.2.128/25 prefix and an IPv6 address from the 2001:db8:2000::/64 prefix. We can also send some DNS nameservers down for our clients to use with their connection. .. code-block:: set vpn ipsec remote-access pool ra-rw-ipv4 name-server '192.0.2.1' set vpn ipsec remote-access pool ra-rw-ipv4 prefix '192.0.2.128/25' set vpn ipsec remote-access pool ra-rw-ipv6 name-server '2001:db8:1000::1' set vpn ipsec remote-access pool ra-rw-ipv6 prefix '2001:db8:2000::/64' VyOS supports multiple IKEv2 remote-access connections. Every connection can have its own dedicated IKE/ESP ciphers, certificates or local listen address for e.g. inbound load balancing. We configure a new connection named ``rw`` for road-warrior, that identifies itself as ``192.0.2.1`` to the clients and uses the ``vyos`` certificate signed by the `CAcert_Class3_Root`` intermediate CA. We select our previously specified IKE/ESP groups and also link the IP address pool to draw addresses from. .. code-block:: set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication id '192.0.2.1' set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication server-mode 'x509' set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication x509 ca-certificate 'CAcert_Class_3_Root' set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication x509 certificate 'vyos' set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw esp-group 'ESP-RW' set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw ike-group 'IKE-RW' set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw local-address '192.0.2.1' set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw pool 'ra-rw-ipv4' set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw pool 'ra-rw-ipv6' VyOS also supports (currently) two different modes of authentication, local and RADIUS. To create a new local user named ``vyos`` with password ``vyos`` use the following commands. .. code-block:: set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication client-mode 'eap-mschapv2' set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication local-users username vyos password 'vyos' If you feel better forwarding all authentication requests to your enterprises RADIUS server, use the commands below. .. code-block:: set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication client-mode 'eap-radius' set vpn ipsec remote-access radius server 192.0.2.2 key 'secret' Client Configuration ==================== Configuring VyOS to act as your IPSec access concentrator is one thing, but you probably need to setup your client connecting to the server so they can talk to the IPSec gateway. Microsoft Windows (10+) ----------------------- Windows 10 does not allow a user to choose the integrity and encryption ciphers using the GUI and it uses some older proposals by default. A user can only change the proposals on the client side by configuring the IPSec connection profile via PowerShell. We generate a connection profile used by Windows clients that will connect to the "rw" connection on our VyOS server on the VPN servers IP address/fqdn `vpn.vyos.net`. .. note:: Microsoft Windows expects the server name to be also used in the server's certificate common name, so it's best to use this DNS name for your VPN connection. .. code-block:: vyos@vyos:~$ generate ipsec profile windows-remote-access rw remote vpn.vyos.net ==== ==== Add-VpnConnection -Name "VyOS IKEv2 VPN" -ServerAddress "vpn.vyos.net" -TunnelType "Ikev2" Set-VpnConnectionIPsecConfiguration -ConnectionName "VyOS IKEv2 VPN" -AuthenticationTransformConstants GCMAES128 -CipherTransformConstants GCMAES128 -EncryptionMethod GCMAES128 -IntegrityCheckMethod SHA256128 -PfsGroup None -DHGroup "Group14" -PassThru -Force ==== ==== As both Microsoft Windows and Apple iOS/iPadOS only support a certain set of encryption ciphers and integrity algorithms we will validate the configured IKE/ESP proposals and only list the compatible ones to the user — if multiple are defined. If there are no matching proposals found — we can not generate a profile for you. When first connecting to the new VPN the user is prompted to enter proper credentials. Apple iOS/iPadOS (14.2+) ------------------------ Like on Microsoft Windows, Apple iOS/iPadOS out of the box does not expose all available VPN options via the device GUI. If you want, need, and should use more advanced encryption ciphers (default is still 3DES) you need to provision your device using a so-called "Device Profile". A profile is a simple text file containing XML nodes with a ``.mobileconfig`` file extension that can be sent and opened on any device from an E-Mail. Profile generation happens from the operational level and is as simple as issuing the following command to create a profile to connect to the IKEv2 access server at ``vpn.vyos.net`` with the configuration for the ``rw`` remote-access connection group. .. note:: Apple iOS/iPadOS expects the server name to be also used in the server's certificate common name, so it's best to use this DNS name for your VPN connection. .. code-block:: vyos@vyos:~$ generate ipsec profile ios-remote-access rw remote vpn.vyos.net ==== ==== ... ==== ==== In the end, an XML structure is generated which can be saved as ``vyos.mobileconfig`` and sent to the device by E-Mail where it later can be imported. During profile import, the user is asked to enter its IPSec credentials (username and password) which is stored on the mobile. Operation Mode ============== .. opcmd:: show vpn ike sa Show all currently active IKE Security Associations. .. opcmd:: show vpn ike sa nat-traversal Show all currently active IKE Security Associations (SA) that are using NAT Traversal. .. opcmd:: show vpn ike sa peer Show all currently active IKE Security Associations (SA) for a specific peer. .. opcmd:: show vpn ike secrets Show all the configured pre-shared secret keys. .. opcmd:: show vpn ike status Show the detailed status information of IKE charon process. .. opcmd:: show vpn ipsec connections Show details of all available VPN connections .. opcmd:: show vpn ipsec policy Print out the list of existing crypto policies .. opcmd:: show vpn ipsec sa Show all active IPsec Security Associations (SA) .. opcmd:: show vpn ipsec sa detail Show a detailed information of all active IPsec Security Associations (SA) in verbose format. .. opcmd:: show vpn ipsec state Print out the list of existing in-kernel crypto state .. opcmd:: show vpn ipsec status Show the status of running IPsec process and process ID. .. opcmd:: restart ipsec Restart the IPsec VPN process and re-establishes the connection. .. opcmd:: reset vpn ipsec site-to-site all Reset all site-to-site IPSec VPN sessions. It terminates all active child_sa and reinitiates the connection. .. opcmd:: reset vpn ipsec site-to-site peer Reset all tunnels for a given peer, can specify tunnel or vti interface. It terminates a specific child_sa and reinitiates the connection. .. opcmd:: show log ipsec Show logs for IPsec