.. _installation: Installation ============ Requirements ------------ The recommended system requirements are 512 MiB RAM and 2 GiB storage. Depending on your use you might need additional RAM and CPU resources e.g. when having multiple BGP full tables in your system. Getting the software --------------------- Registered subscribers ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Registered subscribers can log into https://support.vyos.io/ to have access to a variety of different downloads via the "Downloads" link. These downloads include LTS (Long-Term-Support) and associated hot-fix releases, early public access releases, pre-built VM images, as well as device specific installation ISOs. .. figure:: /_static/images/vyos-downloads.png Building from source ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Non-subscribers can get the LTS release by building it from source. Instruction can be found here: :ref:`build` https://github.com/vyos/vyos-build Rolling releases ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Non-subscribers and subscribers can download bleeding-edge VyOS rolling images from: https://downloads.vyos.io/ The following link will always fetch the most updated AMD64 image of the current branch: https://downloads.vyos.io/rolling/current/amd64/vyos-rolling-latest.iso Preparing software verification ------------------------------- This subsection and the following one applies to downloaded LTS images, for other versions please jump to :ref:`Install`. LTS images are signed by VyOS lead package-maintainer private key. With the official public key, the authenticity of the package can be verified. First, install GPG or another OpenPGP implementation. On most GNU+Linux distributions it is installed by default as package managers use it to verify package signatures. If not pre-installed, it will need to be downloaded and installed. The offical VyOS public key can be retrieved in a number of ways. Skip to :ref:`gpg-verification` if the key is already present. It can also be retrieved directly from a key server: ``gpg --recv-keys FD220285A0FE6D7E`` Or it can be accessed from a key server via a web browser: https://pgp.mit.edu/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xFD220285A0FE6D7E Or from the following block: .. code-block:: sh -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.12 (GNU/Linux) mQINBFXKsiIBEACyid9PR/v56pSRG8VgQyRwvzoI7rLErZ8BCQA2WFxA6+zNy+6G +0E/6XAOzE+VHli+wtJpiVJwAh+wWuqzOmv9css2fdJxpMW87pJAS2i3EVVVf6ab wU848JYLGzc9y7gZrnT1m2fNh4MXkZBNDp780WpOZx8roZq5X+j+Y5hk5KcLiBn/ lh9Zoh8yzrWDSXQsz0BGoAbVnLUEWyo0tcRcHuC0eLx6oNG/IHvd/+kxWB1uULHU SlB/6vcx56lLqgzywkmhP01050ZDyTqrFRIfrvw6gLQaWlgR3lB93txvF/sz87Il VblV7e6HEyVUQxedDS8ikOyzdb5r9a6Zt/j8ZPSntFNM6OcKAI7U1nDD3FVOhlVn 7lhUiNc+/qjC+pR9CrZjr/BTWE7Zpi6/kzeH4eAkfjyALj18oC5udJDjXE5daTL3 k9difHf74VkZm29Cy9M3zPckOZpsGiBl8YQsf+RXSBMDVYRKZ1BNNLDofm4ZGijK mriXcaY+VIeVB26J8m8y0zN4/ZdioJXRcy72c1KusRt8e/TsqtC9UFK05YpzRm5R /nwxDFYb7EdY/vHUFOmfwXLaRvyZtRJ9LwvRUAqgRbbRZg3ET/tn6JZk8hqx3e1M IxuskOB19t5vWyAo/TLGIFw44SErrq9jnpqgclTSRgFjcjHEm061r4vjoQARAQAB tDZWeU9TIE1haW50YWluZXJzIChWeU9TIFJlbGVhc2UpIDxtYWludGFpbmVyc0B2 eW9zLm5ldD6JAjgEEwECACIFAlXKsiICGwMGCwkIBwMCBhUIAgkKCwQWAgMBAh4B AheAAAoJEP0iAoWg/m1+xbgP+QEDYZi5dA4IPY+vU1L95Bavju2m2o35TSUDPg5B jfAGuhbsNUceU+l/yUlxjpKEmvshyW3GHR5QzUaKGup/ZDBo1CBxZNhpSlFida2E KAYTx4vHk3MRXcntiAj/hIJwRtzCUp5UQIqHoU8dmHoHOkKEP+zhJuR6E2s+WwDr nTwE6eRa0g/AHY+chj2Je6flpPm2CKoTfUE7a2yBBU3wPq3rGtsQgVxPAxHRZz7A w4AjH3NM1Uo3etuiDnGkJAuoKKb1J4X3w2QlbwlR4cODLKhJXHIufwaGtRwEin9S 1l2bL8V3gy2Hv3D2t9TQZuR5NUHsibJRXLSa8WnSCcc6Bij5aqfdpYB+YvKH/rIm GvYPmLZDfKGkx0JE4/qtfFjiPJ5VE7BxNyliEw/rnQsxWAGPqLlL61SD8w5jGkw3 CinwO3sccTVcPz9b6A1RsbBVhTJJX5lcPn1lkOEVwQ7l8bRhOKCMe0P53qEDcLCd KcXNnAFbVes9u+kfUQ4oxS0G2JS9ISVNmune+uv+JR7KqSdOuRYlyXA9uTjgWz4y Cs7RS+CpkJFqrqOtS1rmuDW9Ea4PA8ygGlisM5d/AlVkniHz/2JYtgetiLCj9mfE MzQpgnldNSPumKqJ3wwmCNisE+lXQ5UXCaoaeqF/qX1ykybQn41LQ+0xT5Uvy7sL 9IwGuQINBFXKsiIBEACg2mP3QYkXdgWTK5JyTGyttE6bDC9uqsK8dc1J66Tjd5Ly Be0amO+88GHXa0o5Smwk2QNoxsRR41G/D/eAeGsuOEYnePROEr3tcLnDjo4KLgQ+ H69zRPn77sdP3A34Jgp+QIzByJWM7Cnim31quQP3qal2QdpGJcT/jDJWdticN76a Biaz+HN13LyvZM+DWhUDttbjAJc+TEwF9YzIrU+3AzkTRDWkRh4kNIQxjlpNzvho 9V75riVqg2vtgPwttPEhOLb0oMzy4ADdfezrfVvvMb4M4kY9npu4MlSkNTM97F/I QKy90JuSUIjE05AO+PDXJF4Fd5dcpmukLV/2nV0WM2LAERpJUuAgkZN6pNUFVISR +nSfgR7wvqeDY9NigHrJqJbSEgaBUs6RTk5hait2wnNKLJajlu3aQ2/QfRT/kG3h ClKUz3Ju7NCURmFE6mfsdsVrlIsEjHr/dPbXRswXgC9FLlXpWgAEDYi9Wdxxz8o9 JDWrVYdKRGG+OpLFh8AP6QL3YnZF+p1oxGUQ5ugXauAJ9YS55pbzaUFP8oOO2P1Q BeYnKRs1GcMI8KWtE/fze9C9gZ7Dqju7ZFEyllM4v3lzjhT8muMSAhw41J22mSx6 VRkQVRIAvPDFES45IbB6EEGhDDg4pD2az8Q7i7Uc6/olEmpVONSOZEEPsQe/2wAR AQABiQIfBBgBAgAJBQJVyrIiAhsMAAoJEP0iAoWg/m1+niUQAKTxwJ9PTAfB+XDk 3qH3n+T49O2wP3fhBI0EGhJp9Xbx29G7qfEeqcQm69/qSq2/0HQOc+w/g8yy71jA 6rPuozCraoN7Im09rQ2NqIhPK/1w5ZvgNVC0NtcMigX9MiSARePKygAHOPHtrhyO rJQyu8E3cV3VRT4qhqIqXs8Ydc9vL3ZrJbhcHQuSLdZxM1k+DahCJgwWabDCUizm sVP3epAP19FP8sNtHi0P1LC0kq6/0qJot+4iBiRwXMervCD5ExdOm2ugvSgghdYN BikFHvmsCxbZAQjykQ6TMn+vkmcEz4fGAn4L7Nx4paKEtXaAFO8TJmFjOlGUthEm CtHDKjCTh9WV4pwG2WnXuACjnJcs6LcK377EjWU25H4y1ff+NDIUg/DWfSS85iIc UgkOlQO6HJy0O96L5uxn7VJpXNYFa20lpfTVZv7uu3BC3RW/FyOYsGtSiUKYq6cb CMxGTfFxGeynwIlPRlH68BqH6ctR/mVdo+5UIWsChSnNd1GreIEI6p2nBk3mc7jZ 7pTEHpjarwOjs/S/lK+vLW53CSFimmW4lw3MwqiyAkxl0tHAT7QMHH9Rgw2HF/g6 XD76fpFdMT856dsuf+j2uuJFlFe5B1fERBzeU18MxML0VpDmGFEaxxypfACeI/iu 8vzPzaWHhkOkU8/J/Ci7+vNtUOZb =Ld8S -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Store the key in a new text file and import it into GPG via: ``gpg --import file_with_the_public_key`` The import can be verified with: .. code-block:: sh $ gpg --list-keys ... pub rsa4096 2015-08-12 [SC] 0694A9230F5139BF834BA458FD220285A0FE6D7E uid [ unknown] VyOS Maintainers (VyOS Release) sub rsa4096 2015-08-12 [E] .. _gpg-verification: GPG verification ---------------- With the public key imported, the signature for the desired image needs to be downloaded. .. note:: The signature can be downloaded by appending `.asc` to the URL of the downloaded VyOS image. That small *.asc* file is the signature for the associated image. Finally, verify the authencity of the downloaded image: .. code-block:: sh $ gpg2 --verify vyos-1.2.1-amd64.iso.asc vyos-1.2.1-amd64.iso gpg: Signature made So 14 Apr 12:58:07 2019 CEST gpg: using RSA key FD220285A0FE6D7E gpg: Good signature from "VyOS Maintainers (VyOS Release) " [unknown] Primary key fingerprint: 0694 A923 0F51 39BF 834B A458 FD22 0285 A0FE 6D7E .. _Install: Install ------- VyOS ISO is a Live CD and will boot to a functional VyOS image. To login to the system, use the default username and password will be: ``vyos`` .. code-block:: sh The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. vyos@vyos:~$ vyos@vyos:~$ uname -a Linux vyos 4.19.79-amd64-vyos #23 SMP Mon Oct 1 17:29:22 CEST 2018 x86_64 GNU/Linux Unlike general purpose Linux distributions, VyOS uses "image installation" that mimics the user experience of traditional hardware routers and allows keeping multiple VyOS versions installed simultaneously. This makes it possible to switch to a previous version if something breaks or miss-behaves after an image upgrade. Every version is contained in its own squashfs image that is mounted in a union filesystem together with a directory for mutable data such as configurations, keys, or custom scripts. .. note:: Older versions (prior to VyOS 1.1) used to support non-image installation (``install system`` command). Support for this has been removed from VyOS 1.2 and newer releases. Older releases can still be upgraded via the general ``add system image `` upgrade command (consult :ref:`image-mgmt` for further information). To install VyOS, run ``install image`` after logging into the live system with the provided default credentials. .. code-block:: sh vyos@vyos:~$ install image Welcome to the VyOS install program. This script will walk you through the process of installing the VyOS image to a local hard drive. Would you like to continue? (Yes/No) [Yes]: Yes Probing drives: OK Looking for pre-existing RAID groups...none found. The VyOS image will require a minimum 2000MB root. Would you like me to try to partition a drive automatically or would you rather partition it manually with parted? If you have already setup your partitions, you may skip this step Partition (Auto/Parted/Skip) [Auto]: I found the following drives on your system: sda 4294MB Install the image on? [sda]: This will destroy all data on /dev/sda. Continue? (Yes/No) [No]: Yes How big of a root partition should I create? (2000MB - 4294MB) [4294]MB: Creating filesystem on /dev/sda1: OK Done! Mounting /dev/sda1... What would you like to name this image? [1.2.0-rolling+201809210337]: OK. This image will be named: 1.2.0-rolling+201809210337 Copying squashfs image... Copying kernel and initrd images... Done! I found the following configuration files: /opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default Which one should I copy to sda? [/opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default]: Copying /opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default to sda. Enter password for administrator account Enter password for user 'vyos': Retype password for user 'vyos': I need to install the GRUB boot loader. I found the following drives on your system: sda 4294MB Which drive should GRUB modify the boot partition on? [sda]: Setting up grub: OK Done! vyos@vyos:~$ After the installation is complete, remove the Live CD and reboot the system: .. code-block:: sh vyos@vyos:~$ reboot Proceed with reboot? (Yes/No) [No] Yes .. _PXE Install: PXE Install ----------- VyOS can also be installed through PXE. This is a more complex installation method which allows deploying VyOS through the network. Requirements ^^^^^^^^^^^^ * **Clients** (where VyOS is to be installed) **with a PXE-enabled NIC** * A **DHCP server** * A **TFTP server** * A **HTTP server** (optional, but we will use it to speed up intallation) * The **VyOS ISO** image to be installed (do not use images prior to VyOS 1.2.3) * The ``pxelinux.0`` and ``ldlinux.c32`` files from the Syslinux distribution https://kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/ Step 1: DHCP ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Configure DHCP server to provide the client with: * An IP address * The TFTP server address (DHCP option 66). Sometimes referred as *boot server* * The *bootfile name* (DHCP option 67), which is ``pxelinux.0`` In this example we configured an existent VyOS as the DHCP server: .. code-block:: sh vyos@vyos# show service dhcp-server shared-network-name mydhcp { subnet 192.168.1.0/24 { bootfile-name pxelinux.0 bootfile-server 192.168.1.50 default-router 192.168.1.50 range 0 { start 192.168.1.70 stop 192.168.1.100 } } } [edit] vyos@vyos# .. _tftp-server: Step 2: TFTP ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Configure a TFTP server so that it serves the following: * ``pxelinux.0`` from the Syslinux distribution * ``ldlinux.c32`` from the Syslinux distribution * The kernel of the VyOS software you want to deploy. That is the ``vmlinuz`` file inside the ``/live`` directory of the extracted contents from the ISO file * The initial ramdisk of the VyOS ISO you want to deploy. That is the ``initrd.img`` file inside the ``/live`` directory of the extracted contents from the ISO file. Do not use an empty (0 bytes) initrd.img file you might find, the correct file may have a longer name. * A directory named pxelinux.cfg which must contain the configuration file: We will use the configuration_ file shown below, which we named default_ .. _configuration: https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=Config .. _default: https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=PXELINUX#Configuration In the example we configured our existent VyOS as the TFTP server too: .. code-block:: sh vyos@vyos# show service tftp-server directory /config/tftpboot listen-address 192.168.1.50 [edit] vyos@vyos# Example of the contents of the TFTP server: .. code-block:: sh vyos@vyos# ls -hal /config/tftpboot/ total 29M drwxr-sr-x 3 tftp tftp 4.0K Oct 14 00:23 . drwxrwsr-x 9 root vyattacfg 4.0K Oct 18 00:05 .. -r--r--r-- 1 root vyattacfg 25M Oct 13 23:24 initrd.img-4.19.54-amd64-vyos -rwxr-xr-x 1 root vyattacfg 120K Oct 13 23:44 ldlinux.c32 -rw-r--r-- 1 root vyattacfg 46K Oct 13 23:24 pxelinux.0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root vyattacfg 4.0K Oct 14 01:10 pxelinux.cfg -r--r--r-- 1 root vyattacfg 3.7M Oct 13 23:24 vmlinuz vyos@vyos# ls -hal /config/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg total 12K drwxr-xr-x 2 root vyattacfg 4.0K Oct 14 01:10 . drwxr-sr-x 3 tftp tftp 4.0K Oct 14 00:23 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 191 Oct 14 01:10 default Example of simple (no menu) configuration file: .. code-block:: sh vyos@vyos# cat /config/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default DEFAULT VyOS123 LABEL VyOS123 KERNEL vmlinuz APPEND initrd=initrd.img-4.19.54-amd64-vyos boot=live nopersistence \ noautologin nonetworking fetch=http://address:8000/filesystem.squashfs Step 3: HTTP ^^^^^^^^^^^^ As you read in the configuration file, we are sending ``filesystem.squashfs`` through HTTP. As that is a heavy file, we choose HTTP to speed up the transfer over TFTP. Run a web server - you can use a simple one like `Python's SimpleHTTPServer`_ and start serving the ``filesystem.squashfs`` file. The file can be found inside the ``/live`` directory of the extracted contents of the ISO file. Edit the configuration file at the :ref:`tftp-server` so that it shows the correct URL at ``fetch=http://address/filesystem.squashfs``. Then restart the TFTP service. If you are using VyOS as your TFTP Server, you can restart the service with ``sudo service tftpd-hpa restart``. .. note:: Make sure the available directories and files in both TFTP and HTTP server have the right permissions to be accessed from the booting clients. .. _`Python's SimpleHTTPServer`: https://docs.python.org/2/library/simplehttpserver.html Step 4: Boot the clients ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Turn on your PXE-enabled client or clients. They will automatically get an IP address from the DHCP server and start booting into VyOS live from the files automatically taken from the TFTP and HTTP servers. Once finished you will be able to proceed with the ``install image`` command as in a regular VyOS installation.