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Appendix A - Troubleshooting
============================
Sometimes things break or don't work as expected. This section describes
several troubleshooting tools provided by VyOS that can help when something
goes wrong.
Basic Connectivity Verification
-------------------------------
Verifying connectivity can be done with the familiar `ping` and `traceroute`
commands. The options for each are shown (the options for each command were
displayed using the built-in help as described in the `Command-Line Interface`_
section and are omitted from the output here):
.. code-block:: sh
vyos@vyos:~$ ping
Possible completions:
<hostname> Send Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request
<x.x.x.x>
<h:h:h:h:h:h:h:h>
Several options are available when more extensive troubleshooting is needed:
.. code-block:: sh
vyos@vyos:~$ ping 8.8.8.8
Possible completions:
<Enter> Execute the current command
adaptive Ping options
allow-broadcast
audible
bypass-route
count
deadline
flood
interface
interval
mark
no-loopback
numeric
pattern
quiet
record-route
size
timestamp
tos
ttl
verbose
.. code-block:: sh
vyos@vyos:~$ traceroute
Possible completions:
<hostname> Track network path to specified node
<x.x.x.x>
<h:h:h:h:h:h:h:h>
ipv4 Track network path to <hostname|IPv4 address>
ipv6 Track network path to <hostname|IPv6 address>
However, another tool, mtr_, is available which combines ping and traceroute
into a single tool. An example of its output is shown:
.. code-block:: sh
vyos@vyos:~$ mtr 10.62.212.12
My traceroute [v0.85]
vyos (0.0.0.0)
Keys: Help Display mode Restart statistics Order of fields quit
Packets Pings
Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1. 10.11.110.4 0.0% 34 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.1
2. 10.62.255.184 0.0% 34 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.4 0.1
3. 10.62.255.71 0.0% 34 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.0 0.1
4. 10.62.212.12 0.0% 34 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 0.0
.. note:: The output of ``mtr`` consumes the screen and will replace your
command prompt.
Several options are available for changing the display output. Press `h` to
invoke the built in help system. To quit, just press `q` and you'll be returned
to the VyOS command prompt.
Monitoring Network Interfaces
-----------------------------
It's possible to monitor network traffic, either at the flow level or protocol
level. This can be useful when troubleshooting a variety of protocols and
configurations. The following interface types can be monitored:
.. code-block:: sh
vyos@vyos:~$ monitor interfaces
Possible completions:
<Enter> Execute the current command
bonding Monitor a bonding interface
bridge Monitor a bridge interface
ethernet Monitor a ethernet interface
loopback Monitor a loopback interface
openvpn Monitor an openvpn interface
pppoe Monitor pppoe interface
pseudo-ethernet
Monitor a pseudo-ethernet interface
tunnel Monitor a tunnel interface
vrrp Monitor a vrrp interface
vti Monitor a vti interface
wireless Monitor wireless interface
To monitor traffic flows, issue the :code:`monitor interfaces <type> <name> flow`
command, replacing `<type>` and `<name>` with your desired interface type and
name, respectively. Output looks like the following:
.. code-block:: sh
12.5Kb 25.0Kb 37.5Kb 50.0Kb 62.5Kb
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
10.11.111.255 => 10.11.110.37 0b 0b 0b
<= 624b 749b 749b
10.11.110.29 => 10.62.200.11 0b 198b 198b
<= 0b 356b 356b
255.255.255.255 => 10.11.110.47 0b 0b 0b
<= 724b 145b 145b
10.11.111.255 => 10.11.110.47 0b 0b 0b
<= 724b 145b 145b
10.11.111.255 => 10.11.110.255 0b 0b 0b
<= 680b 136b 136b
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
TX: cumm: 26.7KB peak: 40.6Kb rates: 23.2Kb 21.4Kb 21.4Kb
RX: 67.5KB 63.6Kb 54.6Kb 54.0Kb 54.0Kb
TOTAL: 94.2KB 104Kb 77.8Kb 75.4Kb 75.4Kb
Several options are available for changing the display output. Press `h` to
invoke the built in help system. To quit, just press `q` and you'll be returned
to the VyOS command prompt.
To monitor interface traffic, issue the :code:`monitor interfaces <type> <name>
traffic` command, replacing `<type>` and `<name>` with your desired interface
type and name, respectively. This command invokes the familiar tshark_ utility
and the following options are available:
.. code-block:: sh
vyos@vyos:~$ monitor interfaces ethernet eth0 traffic
Possible completions:
<Enter> Execute the current command
detail Monitor detailed traffic for the specified ethernet interface
filter Monitor filtered traffic for the specified ethernet interface
save Save monitored traffic to a file
unlimited Monitor traffic for the specified ethernet interface
To quit monitoring, press `Ctrl-c` and you'll be returned to the VyOS command
prompt. The `detail` keyword provides verbose output of the traffic seen on
the monitored interface. The `filter` keyword accepts valid `PCAP filter
expressions`_, enclosed in single or double quotes (e.g. "port 25" or "port 161
and udp"). The `save` keyword allows you to save the traffic dump to a file.
The `unlimited` keyword is used to specify that an unlimited number of packets
can be captured (by default, 1,000 packets are captured and you're returned to
the VyOS command prompt).
.. _mtr: http://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/
.. _tshark: https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/tshark.html
.. _`PCAP filter expressions`: http://www.tcpdump.org/manpages/pcap-filter.7.html
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