path: root/docs/install.rst

.. _installation:

Installation
============


Requirements
------------

The recommended system requirements are 512 MiB RAM and 2 GiB storage.


Getting the software
---------------------

Registered subscribers
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

A registered subscriber can log into https://support.vyos.io/ to have access to a variety of different downloads via the "Downloads" link.  
These downloads include LTS releases and associated hot-fixes, early public access releases, pre-built VM images, as well as device specific installation ISOs.

.. figure:: /_static/images/vyos-downloads.png

Building from source
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Non-subscribers can get the LTS release by building it from source. The instructions for building from source can be found at:

https://github.com/vyos/vyos-build

Rolling releases
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Non-subscribers and subscribers can download bleeding-edge VyOS rolling images from:

https://downloads.vyos.io/

The following link will always fetch the most updated AMD64 image of the current branch:

https://downloads.vyos.io/rolling/current/amd64/vyos-rolling-latest.iso


Preparing software verification
-------------------------------

This subsection and the following one applies to downloaded LTS images, for other cases please jump to :ref:`Install`.

LTS images are signed by VyOS lead package-maintainer private key. With the official public key, the authenticity of the package can be verified.

First, install GPG or another OpenPGP implementation.
On most GNU+Linux distributions it is installed by default as package managers use it to verify package signatures.
If not pre-installed, it will need to be downloaded and installed.

The offical VyOS public key can be retrieved in a number of ways. Skip to :ref:`gpg-verification` if the key is already present. 

It can be retrieved directly from a key server:

``gpg --recv-keys FD220285A0FE6D7E``

Or it can be accessed from a key server via a web browser:

https://pgp.mit.edu/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xFD220285A0FE6D7E

Or from the following block: 


.. code-block:: console

  -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
  Version: GnuPG v1.4.12 (GNU/Linux)

  mQINBFXKsiIBEACyid9PR/v56pSRG8VgQyRwvzoI7rLErZ8BCQA2WFxA6+zNy+6G
  +0E/6XAOzE+VHli+wtJpiVJwAh+wWuqzOmv9css2fdJxpMW87pJAS2i3EVVVf6ab
  wU848JYLGzc9y7gZrnT1m2fNh4MXkZBNDp780WpOZx8roZq5X+j+Y5hk5KcLiBn/
  lh9Zoh8yzrWDSXQsz0BGoAbVnLUEWyo0tcRcHuC0eLx6oNG/IHvd/+kxWB1uULHU
  SlB/6vcx56lLqgzywkmhP01050ZDyTqrFRIfrvw6gLQaWlgR3lB93txvF/sz87Il
  VblV7e6HEyVUQxedDS8ikOyzdb5r9a6Zt/j8ZPSntFNM6OcKAI7U1nDD3FVOhlVn
  7lhUiNc+/qjC+pR9CrZjr/BTWE7Zpi6/kzeH4eAkfjyALj18oC5udJDjXE5daTL3
  k9difHf74VkZm29Cy9M3zPckOZpsGiBl8YQsf+RXSBMDVYRKZ1BNNLDofm4ZGijK
  mriXcaY+VIeVB26J8m8y0zN4/ZdioJXRcy72c1KusRt8e/TsqtC9UFK05YpzRm5R
  /nwxDFYb7EdY/vHUFOmfwXLaRvyZtRJ9LwvRUAqgRbbRZg3ET/tn6JZk8hqx3e1M
  IxuskOB19t5vWyAo/TLGIFw44SErrq9jnpqgclTSRgFjcjHEm061r4vjoQARAQAB
  tDZWeU9TIE1haW50YWluZXJzIChWeU9TIFJlbGVhc2UpIDxtYWludGFpbmVyc0B2
  eW9zLm5ldD6JAjgEEwECACIFAlXKsiICGwMGCwkIBwMCBhUIAgkKCwQWAgMBAh4B
  AheAAAoJEP0iAoWg/m1+xbgP+QEDYZi5dA4IPY+vU1L95Bavju2m2o35TSUDPg5B
  jfAGuhbsNUceU+l/yUlxjpKEmvshyW3GHR5QzUaKGup/ZDBo1CBxZNhpSlFida2E
  KAYTx4vHk3MRXcntiAj/hIJwRtzCUp5UQIqHoU8dmHoHOkKEP+zhJuR6E2s+WwDr
  nTwE6eRa0g/AHY+chj2Je6flpPm2CKoTfUE7a2yBBU3wPq3rGtsQgVxPAxHRZz7A
  w4AjH3NM1Uo3etuiDnGkJAuoKKb1J4X3w2QlbwlR4cODLKhJXHIufwaGtRwEin9S
  1l2bL8V3gy2Hv3D2t9TQZuR5NUHsibJRXLSa8WnSCcc6Bij5aqfdpYB+YvKH/rIm
  GvYPmLZDfKGkx0JE4/qtfFjiPJ5VE7BxNyliEw/rnQsxWAGPqLlL61SD8w5jGkw3
  CinwO3sccTVcPz9b6A1RsbBVhTJJX5lcPn1lkOEVwQ7l8bRhOKCMe0P53qEDcLCd
  KcXNnAFbVes9u+kfUQ4oxS0G2JS9ISVNmune+uv+JR7KqSdOuRYlyXA9uTjgWz4y
  Cs7RS+CpkJFqrqOtS1rmuDW9Ea4PA8ygGlisM5d/AlVkniHz/2JYtgetiLCj9mfE
  MzQpgnldNSPumKqJ3wwmCNisE+lXQ5UXCaoaeqF/qX1ykybQn41LQ+0xT5Uvy7sL
  9IwGuQINBFXKsiIBEACg2mP3QYkXdgWTK5JyTGyttE6bDC9uqsK8dc1J66Tjd5Ly
  Be0amO+88GHXa0o5Smwk2QNoxsRR41G/D/eAeGsuOEYnePROEr3tcLnDjo4KLgQ+
  H69zRPn77sdP3A34Jgp+QIzByJWM7Cnim31quQP3qal2QdpGJcT/jDJWdticN76a
  Biaz+HN13LyvZM+DWhUDttbjAJc+TEwF9YzIrU+3AzkTRDWkRh4kNIQxjlpNzvho
  9V75riVqg2vtgPwttPEhOLb0oMzy4ADdfezrfVvvMb4M4kY9npu4MlSkNTM97F/I
  QKy90JuSUIjE05AO+PDXJF4Fd5dcpmukLV/2nV0WM2LAERpJUuAgkZN6pNUFVISR
  +nSfgR7wvqeDY9NigHrJqJbSEgaBUs6RTk5hait2wnNKLJajlu3aQ2/QfRT/kG3h
  ClKUz3Ju7NCURmFE6mfsdsVrlIsEjHr/dPbXRswXgC9FLlXpWgAEDYi9Wdxxz8o9
  JDWrVYdKRGG+OpLFh8AP6QL3YnZF+p1oxGUQ5ugXauAJ9YS55pbzaUFP8oOO2P1Q
  BeYnKRs1GcMI8KWtE/fze9C9gZ7Dqju7ZFEyllM4v3lzjhT8muMSAhw41J22mSx6
  VRkQVRIAvPDFES45IbB6EEGhDDg4pD2az8Q7i7Uc6/olEmpVONSOZEEPsQe/2wAR
  AQABiQIfBBgBAgAJBQJVyrIiAhsMAAoJEP0iAoWg/m1+niUQAKTxwJ9PTAfB+XDk
  3qH3n+T49O2wP3fhBI0EGhJp9Xbx29G7qfEeqcQm69/qSq2/0HQOc+w/g8yy71jA
  6rPuozCraoN7Im09rQ2NqIhPK/1w5ZvgNVC0NtcMigX9MiSARePKygAHOPHtrhyO
  rJQyu8E3cV3VRT4qhqIqXs8Ydc9vL3ZrJbhcHQuSLdZxM1k+DahCJgwWabDCUizm
  sVP3epAP19FP8sNtHi0P1LC0kq6/0qJot+4iBiRwXMervCD5ExdOm2ugvSgghdYN
  BikFHvmsCxbZAQjykQ6TMn+vkmcEz4fGAn4L7Nx4paKEtXaAFO8TJmFjOlGUthEm
  CtHDKjCTh9WV4pwG2WnXuACjnJcs6LcK377EjWU25H4y1ff+NDIUg/DWfSS85iIc
  UgkOlQO6HJy0O96L5uxn7VJpXNYFa20lpfTVZv7uu3BC3RW/FyOYsGtSiUKYq6cb
  CMxGTfFxGeynwIlPRlH68BqH6ctR/mVdo+5UIWsChSnNd1GreIEI6p2nBk3mc7jZ
  7pTEHpjarwOjs/S/lK+vLW53CSFimmW4lw3MwqiyAkxl0tHAT7QMHH9Rgw2HF/g6
  XD76fpFdMT856dsuf+j2uuJFlFe5B1fERBzeU18MxML0VpDmGFEaxxypfACeI/iu
  8vzPzaWHhkOkU8/J/Ci7+vNtUOZb
  =Ld8S
  -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----


The key is then pasted into a new text file and imported into GPG:

``gpg --import file_with_the_public_key``
 
The import can be verified with:

.. code-block:: console

  $ gpg --list-keys
  ...
  pub   rsa4096 2015-08-12 [SC]
      0694A9230F5139BF834BA458FD220285A0FE6D7E
  uid           [ unknown] VyOS Maintainers (VyOS Release) <maintainers@vyos.net>
  sub   rsa4096 2015-08-12 [E]


.. _gpg-verification:

GPG verification
----------------

With the public key imported, the signature for the desired image needs to be downloaded.

.. note:: The signature can be downloaded by appending `.asc` to the URL of the downloaded VyOS image. That small *.asc* file is the signature for the associated image.

Finally, verify the authencity of the downloaded image:

.. code-block:: console

  $ gpg2 --verify vyos-1.2.1-amd64.iso.asc  vyos-1.2.1-amd64.iso
  gpg: Signature made So 14 Apr 12:58:07 2019 CEST
  gpg:                using RSA key FD220285A0FE6D7E
  gpg: Good signature from "VyOS Maintainers (VyOS Release) <maintainers@vyos.net>" [unknown]
  Primary key fingerprint: 0694 A923 0F51 39BF 834B  A458 FD22 0285 A0FE 6D7E


.. _Install:

Install
-------


The VyOS ISO is a Live CD and will boot to a functional VyOS image. 

To login to the system, use the default username ``vyos`` with password ``vyos``.

.. code-block:: console

  The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
  the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
  individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

  Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
  permitted by applicable law.
  vyos@vyos:~$

  vyos@vyos:~$ uname -a
  Linux vyos 4.18.11-amd64-vyos #23 SMP Mon Oct 1 17:29:22 CEST 2018 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Unlike general purpose Linux distributions, VyOS uses "image installation"
that mimics the user experience of traditional hardware routers and allows
keeping multiple VyOS versions installed simultaneously. This makes it possible to switch to a previous
version if something breaks after an upgrade. 

Every version is contained in its own squashfs image that is mounted in a union filesystem together with a
directory for mutable data such as configurations, keys, or custom scripts.

.. note:: Older versions used to support non-image installation (``install system`` command). 
   Support for this is removed from VyOS 1.2 (crux) and newer releases.  Older releases can still be upgraded
   via ``add system image <image_path>``

To install VyOS, run ``install image``.

.. code-block:: console

  vyos@vyos:~$ install image
  Welcome to the VyOS install program.  This script
  will walk you through the process of installing the
  VyOS image to a local hard drive.
  Would you like to continue? (Yes/No) [Yes]: Yes
  Probing drives: OK
  Looking for pre-existing RAID groups...none found.
  The VyOS image will require a minimum 2000MB root.
  Would you like me to try to partition a drive automatically
  or would you rather partition it manually with parted?  If
  you have already setup your partitions, you may skip this step

  Partition (Auto/Parted/Skip) [Auto]:

  I found the following drives on your system:
   sda    4294MB

  Install the image on? [sda]:

  This will destroy all data on /dev/sda.
  Continue? (Yes/No) [No]: Yes

  How big of a root partition should I create? (2000MB - 4294MB) [4294]MB:

  Creating filesystem on /dev/sda1: OK
  Done!
  Mounting /dev/sda1...
  What would you like to name this image? [1.2.0-rolling+201809210337]:
  OK.  This image will be named: 1.2.0-rolling+201809210337
  Copying squashfs image...
  Copying kernel and initrd images...
  Done!
  I found the following configuration files:
      /opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default
  Which one should I copy to sda? [/opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default]:

  Copying /opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default to sda.
  Enter password for administrator account
  Enter password for user 'vyos':
  Retype password for user 'vyos':
  I need to install the GRUB boot loader.
  I found the following drives on your system:
   sda    4294MB

  Which drive should GRUB modify the boot partition on? [sda]:

  Setting up grub: OK
  Done!
  vyos@vyos:~$

After the installation is complete, remove the Live CD and reboot the system:

.. code-block:: console

  vyos@vyos:~$ reboot
  Proceed with reboot? (Yes/No) [No] Yes




.. _PXE Install:

PXE Install
-----------

VyOS can also be installed through PXE. This is a more complex installation method which allows deploying VyOS through the network. 


Requirements
^^^^^^^^^^^^

* **Clients** (where VyOS is to be installed) **with a PXE-enabled NIC**
* A **DHCP server** 
* A **TFTP server**
* A **HTTP server** (this is optional but we will use it to speed up our intallation)
* The **VyOS ISO** image to be installed (Do not use images prior to 1.2.3)
* The **pxelinux.0** and **ldlinux.c32** `files from the Syslinux distribution <https://kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/>`_

Step 1: DHCP
^^^^^^^^^^^^

Configure a DHCP server so that it gives the client

	- An **IP address**
	- The **TFTP server address** (DHCP option 66). Sometimes named *Boot server*
	- The **bootfile name** (DHCP option 67), which is **pxelinux.0**

In this example we configured an existent VyOS as the DHCP server:

.. code-block:: console

  vyos@vyos# show service dhcp-server 
   shared-network-name mydhcp {
       subnet 192.168.1.0/24 {
           bootfile-name pxelinux.0
           bootfile-server 192.168.1.50
           default-router 192.168.1.50
           range 0 {
               start 192.168.1.70
               stop 192.168.1.100
           }
       }
   }
  [edit]
  vyos@vyos# 


.. _tftp-server:

Step 2: TFTP
^^^^^^^^^^^^

Configure a TFTP server so that it serves the following:
	
	+ The file **pxelinux.0** from the *Syslinux* distribution
	+ The file **ldlinux.c32** from the *Syslinux* distribution
	+ The kernel of the VyOS software you want to deploy. That is the **vmlinuz** file inside the *live* directory of the extracted contents from the ISO file.
	+ The initial ramdisk of the VyOS ISO you want to deploy. That is the **initrd.img** file inside the *live* directory of the extracted contents from the ISO file. Do not use an empty (0 bytes) initrd.img file you might find, the correct file may have a longer name.
	+ **A directory named pxelinux.cfg which must contain the configuration file**. We will use the `configuration file <https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=Config>`_ shown below, which we named `default <https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=PXELINUX#Configuration>`_. 


In the example we configured our existent VyOS as the TFTP server too:

.. code-block:: console

  vyos@vyos# show service tftp-server 
   directory /config/tftpboot
   listen-address 192.168.1.50
  [edit]
  vyos@vyos#
  
  
Example of the contents of the TFTP server:

.. code-block:: console

  vyos@vyos# ls -hal /config/tftpboot/
  total 29M
  drwxr-sr-x 3 tftp tftp      4.0K Oct 14 00:23 .
  drwxrwsr-x 9 root vyattacfg 4.0K Oct 18 00:05 ..
  -r--r--r-- 1 root vyattacfg  25M Oct 13 23:24 initrd.img-4.19.54-amd64-vyos
  -rwxr-xr-x 1 root vyattacfg 120K Oct 13 23:44 ldlinux.c32
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root vyattacfg  46K Oct 13 23:24 pxelinux.0
  drwxr-xr-x 2 root vyattacfg 4.0K Oct 14 01:10 pxelinux.cfg
  -r--r--r-- 1 root vyattacfg 3.7M Oct 13 23:24 vmlinuz
  [edit]
  vyos@vyos# 
  [edit]
  vyos@vyos# ls -hal /config/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
  total 12K
  drwxr-xr-x 2 root vyattacfg 4.0K Oct 14 01:10 .
  drwxr-sr-x 3 tftp tftp      4.0K Oct 14 00:23 ..
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root       191 Oct 14 01:10 default
  [edit]
  vyos@vyos# 
  

Example of simple (no menu) configuration file:

.. code-block:: console
  
  vyos@vyos# cat /config/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 
  DEFAULT VyOS123
  
  LABEL VyOS123
   KERNEL vmlinuz
   APPEND initrd=initrd.img-4.19.54-amd64-vyos boot=live nopersistence noautologin nonetworking fetch=http://192.168.1.2:8000/filesystem.squashfs
  [edit]
  vyos@vyos# 
  
  

Step 3: HTTP
^^^^^^^^^^^^

	a) As you can read in the configuration file, we are sending *filesystem.squashfs* through HTTP. As that is a heavy file, we choose HTTP to speed up its transfer. **Run a web server** --you can use a simple one like `Python's SimpleHTTPServer <https://docs.python.org/2/library/simplehttpserver.html>`_-- **and start serving the filesystem.squashfs file**. The file can be found inside the *live* directory of the extracted contents of the ISO file.


	b) Edit the configuration file at the :ref:`tftp-server` so that it shows the correct URL at *fetch=http://address_of_your_HTTP_server/filesystem.squashfs*. Then restart the TFTP service. If you are using VyOS as your TFTP Server, you can restart the service with ``sudo service tftpd-hpa restart``.


.. note::  Make sure the available directories and files in both TFTP server and HTTP server have the right permissions to be accessed from the booting clients.


Step 4: Boot the clients
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Turn on the PXE-enabled client or clients. They will automatically get an IP address from the DHCP server and start booting into VyOS live from the files automatically taken from the TFTP and HTTP servers.

Once finished you will be able to proceed with the ``install image`` command as in a normal VyOS installation.