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2012-01-10conntrackd: support for expectation synchronizationPablo Neira Ayuso
This patch adds support to synchronize expectations between firewalls. This addition aims to re-use as much as possible of the existing infrastructure for stability reasons. The expectation support has been tested with the FTP helper. This extension requires libnetfilter_conntrack 1.0.0. If this is the first time you're playing with conntrackd, I *strongly* recommend you to get working setup of conntrackd without expectation support before as described in the documentation. Then, enabling expectation support is rather easy. To know more about expectations, if you're not familiar with them, I suggest you to read: "Netfilter's Connection Tracking System" http://people.netfilter.org/pablo/docs/login.pdf Reprinted from ;login: The Magazine of USENIX, vol. 31, no. 3 (Berkeley, CA: USENIX Association, 2006, pp40-45.) In short, expectations allow one Linux firewall to filter multi-flow traffic like FTP, SIP and H.323. In my testbed, there are two firewalls in a primary-backup configuration running keepalived. The use a couple of floating cluster IP address (192.168.0.100 and 192.168.1.100) that are used by the client. These firewalls protect one FTP server (192.168.1.2) that will be accessed by one client. In ASCII art, it looks like this: 192.168.0.100 192.168.1.100 eth1 eth2 fw-1 / \ FTP -- client ------ ------ server -- 192.168.0.2 \ / 192.168.1.2 fw-2 This is the rule-set for the firewalls: -A POSTROUTING -t nat -s 192.168.0.2/32 -d 192.168.1.2/32 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.1.100 -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP -A FORWARD -m state --state RELATED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth2 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -m state --state INVALID -j LOG --log-prefix "invalid: " The following steps detail how to check that the expectation support works fine for conntrackd: 1) You have to enable the expectation support in the configuration file with the following option: Sync { ... Options { ExpectationSync { ftp sip h323 } } } This enables expectation synchronization for the FTP, SIP and H.323 helpers. You can alternatively use: Sync { ... Options { ExpectationSync On } } To enable expectation synchronization for all helpers. 2) Make sure you have loaded the FTP helper in both firewalls. root@fw1# modprobe nf_conntrack_ftp root@fw2# modprobe nf_conntrack_ftp 3) Switch to the client. Start one FTP control connection to one server that is protected by the firewalls, enter passive mode: (term-1) user@client$ nc 192.168.1.2 21 220 dummy FTP server USER anonymous 331 Please specify the password. PASS nothing 230 Login successful. PASV 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,2,163,11). This means that port 163*256+11=41739 will be used for the data traffic. Read this if you are not familiar with the FTP protocol: http://www.freefire.org/articles/ftpexample.php 3) Switch to fw-1 (primary) to check that the expectation is in the internal cache. root@fw1# conntrackd -i exp proto=6 src=192.168.0.2 dst=192.168.1.2 sport=0 dport=41739 mask-src=255.255.255.255 mask-dst=255.255.255.255 sport=0 dport=65535 master-src=192.168.0.2 master-dst=192.168.1.2 sport=36390 dport=21 [active since 5s] 4) Switch to fw-2 (backup) to check that the expectation has been successfully replicated. root@fw2# conntrackd -e exp proto=6 src=192.168.0.2 dst=192.168.1.2 sport=0 dport=41739 mask-src=255.255.255.255 mask-dst=255.255.255.255 sport=0 dport=65535 master-src=192.168.0.2 master-dst=192.168.1.2 sport=36390 dport=21 [active since 8s] 5) Make the primary firewall fw-1 fail. Now fw-2 becomes primary. 6) Switch to fw-2 (primary) to commit the external cache into the kernel. root@fw2# conntrackd -c exp The logs should display that the commit was successful: root@fw2# tail -100f /var/log/conntrackd.log [Wed Dec 7 22:16:31 2011] (pid=19195) [notice] committing external cache: expectations [Wed Dec 7 22:16:31 2011] (pid=19195) [notice] Committed 1 new entries [Wed Dec 7 22:16:31 2011] (pid=19195) [notice] commit has taken 0.000366 seconds 7) Switch to the client. Open a new terminal and connect to the port that has been announced by the server: (term-2) user@client$ nc -vvv 192.168.1.2 41739 (UNKNOWN) [192.168.1.2] 41739 (?) open 8) Switch to term-1 and ask for the file listing: [...] 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,2,163,11). LIST 9) Switch to term-2, it should display the listing. That means everything has worked fine. You may want to try disabling the expectation support and repeating the steps to check that *it does not work* without the state-synchronization. You can also display expectation statistics by means of: root@fwX# conntrackd -s exp This update requires no changes in the primary-backup.sh script that is used by the HA manager to interact with conntrackd. Thus, we provide a backward compatible command line interface. Regarding the Filter clause and expectations, we use the master conntrack to filter expectation events. The filtering is performed in user-space. No kernel-space filtering support for expectations yet (this support should go in libnetfilter_conntrack at some point). This patch also includes support to disable caching and to allow direct injection of expectations. Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
2008-07-24log: syslog displays the entry that triggers the errorPablo Neira Ayuso
This patch fixes an inconsistency in the output. If syslog was chosen as logger, the conntrack entries that triggered an error were not displayed. Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
2008-04-16add more verbose error notification when the injection of a conntrack fails/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
2008-03-08revert relicensing... still we use linux_list.h code which seems to be GPLv2 ↵/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
only which is incompatible AFAIK
2008-03-08relicense conntrack-tools as GPLv3+, so far the most significant contributor ↵/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
has been Max Kellermann and has no issues with relicensing their contributions.
2008-01-18Max Kellermann <max@duempel.org>:/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
Simplify logging infrastructure
2008-01-18Max Kellermann <max@duempel.org>:/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
Use fputs() instead of fprintf()
2008-01-17Max Kellermann <max@duempel.org>:/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
import only required C headers and put local headers on top to check
2008-01-15use umask() to set up file permissions/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
2008-01-15Max Kellermann <max@duempel.org>:/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
Fix tons of gcc warnings
2008-01-07fix segfaul in the exit path for the statistics mode (introduced in r7175)/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
2008-01-05fix logfiles permissions, do not default to umask/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
2008-01-05implement buffered connection logging to improve performance/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
2008-01-05Ben Lentz <BLentz@channing-bete.com>:/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
Fix the crash when stats LogFile is off and stats Syslog is on -Esta línea y las que están debajo serán ignoradas-- M conntrack-tools/src/log.c
2008-01-03o add support for connection logging to the statistics mode via Logfile/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
o minor irrelevant fixes for uncommon error paths and fix several typos o use LOG_INFO for connection logging, use LOG_NOTICE for other information o minor error handling updates
2007-09-12add syslog support and bump version/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
2007-04-16first step forward to merge conntrackd and conntrack into the same building ↵/C=EU/ST=EU/CN=Pablo Neira Ayuso/emailAddress=pablo@netfilter.org
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