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Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo netfilter org>
0.Introduction
==============
The conntrack-tools package contains two programs:
- conntrack: the command line interface to interact with the connection
tracking system.
- conntrackd: the connection tracking userspace daemon that can be used to
deploy highly available GNU/Linux firewalls and collect
statistics of the firewall use.
1. Requirements
===============
You have to install the following software in order to get the conntrack-tools
working, make sure that you have installed them correctly before going forward:
o linux kernel version >= 2.6.18 (http://www.kernel.org) that, at least,
has support for:
- connection tracking system
CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK=m
CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_IPV4=m
- nfnetlink
CONFIG_NETFILTER_NETLINK=m
- ctnetlink (nf_conntrack_netlink)
CONFIG_NF_CT_NETLINK=m
- connection tracking event notification API
CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_EVENTS=y
(To check that the event API is enabled in the kernel, make sure
you have loaded nf_netlink_conntrack module, run conntrack -E and
generate traffic, you should see network events)
o libnfnetlink: the netfilter netlink library available at:
<http://www.netfilter.org/projects/libnfnetlink/files/>
o libnetfilter_conntrack: the netfilter conntrack library available at:
<http://www.netfilter.org/projects/libnetfilter_conntrack/files/>
2.Basic Installation
====================
To compile and install conntrack-tools just follow the classical steps:
$ ./configure
$ make
# make install
Up to this point, the command line interface `conntrack' is ready for use,
see man conntrack(8). However, the userspace daemon so-called `conntrackd'
requires some magic spells to get it working.
*Fedora users*: If you are trying to install the libraries in /usr/local/,
do not forget to do the following things:
* PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig; export PKG_CONFIG_PATH
* Add `/usr/local/lib' to your /etc/ld.so.conf file and run `ldconfig'
Check `ldd' for trouble-shooting, read <http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html#AEN70> for more information on how libraries work.
3.Setting up conntrackd
=======================
conntrackd currently have two working modes: statistics and synchronization
modes, both details here below.
3.1. Synchronization Mode
=========================
Conntrackd can replicate the status of the connections that are currently
being processed by your stateful firewall based on Linux. This section
describes how to setup the daemon in synchronization mode:
o Keepalived version 1.x (http://www.keepalived.org)
check if your distribution comes with a recent version
3.1.2. Configuration
1) Setting up keepalived
There is an example file available inside the conntrackd tarball:
For node 1: conntrackd-x.x.x/examples/sync/_type_/node1/keepalived.conf
For node 2: conntrackd-x.x.x/examples/sync/_type_/node2/keepalived.conf
These files can be used to set up a simple VRRP cluster composed of
two machines that hold the virtual IPs 192.168.0.100 on eth0 and
192.168.1.100 on eth1.
If you are not familiar with keepalived, please read the official
docs available at http://www.keepalived.org
Please, make sure that keepalived is correctly working before passing
to step 2)
2) Setting up conntrackd
To setup 'conntrackd' in synchronization mode, you have to put the
configuration file in the directory /etc/conntrackd.
On node 1:
# cp examples/sync/_type_/node1/conntrackd.conf /etc/conntrackd.conf
On node 2:
# cp examples/sync/_type_/node1/conntrackd.conf /etc/conntrackd.conf
Where _type_ is the synchronization type selected, currently there are
two: the alarm mode and the FTFW mode. The alarm mode consumes
more resources than the FTFW mode but resolves synchronization issues
better. On the other the FTFW mode reduces resource consumption. I'll
provide more information on both approaches soon.
Do not forget to edit the files in order to adapt them to the
setting that you are deploying.
Note: If you don't want to put the config file under /etc/conntrackd,
just tell conntrackd where to find it passing the option -C
3) Running conntrackd
Conntrackd can run in console mode, in that case just type 'conntrackd',
otherwise, if you want to run it in daemon mode the type 'conntrackd -d'.
4) Checking that conntrackd is working fine
Conntrackd comes with several facilities to check its status:
- Dump the cache of connections that are currently being processed by
this node (aka. internal cache):
# conntrackd -i
- Dump the cache of connections that has been transfered from
others active nodes in the network (aka. external cache)
# conntrackd -e
- Dump statistics collected by the replication daemon:
# conntrackd -s
5) Setting up interaction with keepalived
If keepalived detects the failure of the active node, then it designates
a candidate node that will replace the failing active. On such event,
the external cache, eg. the cache that contains the connections processed
by other nodes, must be commited. To commit the external cache, just type:
# conntrackd -c
See that keepalived provides a shell script interface to interact with
other programs, so we can automate the process of commiting the external
cache by introducing the following line in the keepalived file:
notify_master /etc/conntrackd/script_master.sh
The script 'script_master.sh' just the following:
#!/bin/sh
/usr/sbin/conntrackd -c
Therefore, on failure event, the candidate node takes over the virtual
IPs and the connections that the failing active was processing. Observe
that this file differs for the FTFW mode.
6) Disable TCP window tracking
Until the appropiate patches don't go into kernel mainline, you will have
to disable TCP window tracking, consider this as a temporary solution:
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_tcp_be_liberal
3.2. Statistics mode
====================
Conntrackd can also run as statistics daemon, if you are not interested in
this mode, just skip it. It is not required in order to get the
synchronization mode working. This section details how to setup the daemon
in statistics mode:
3.2.1. Requirements
No extra requirements to set up the statistics mode apart from those detailed
in section 1.
3.2.2. Configuration
Setting up conntrackd in statistics mode is rather easy. Just copy the
configuration file
# cp examples/stats/conntrackd.conf /etc/conntrackd.conf
3.2.3. Running conntrackd in statistics mode
To run conntrackd in statistics mode:
# conntrackd -S
Alternatively, you can run conntrackd in daemon mode:
# conntrackd -S -d
In order to dump the statistics, just type:
# conntrackd -s
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