Integrate bash 3.2 version

This is merge of current Debian stable (Lenny) version of Bash
with Vyatta changes.

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1418 deletions

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-F .49(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.99 E F0 .49(seeds the random)2.99 F
-.055(number generator)72 494.4 R(.)-.55 E F2(REPL)5.055 E(Y)-.92 E F0
-.054(is the def)2.554 F .054(ault v)-.1 F .054(ariable used by the)-.25
-F F2 -.18(re)2.554 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.554 G .054(iltin when no v).2
-F .054(ariable names are sup-)-.25 F .742(plied as ar)72 506.4 R 3.243
-(guments. The)-.18 F F2(typeset)3.243 E F0 -.2(bu)3.243 G .743
-(iltin is used to de\214ne v).2 F .743(ariables and gi)-.25 F 1.043 -.15
-(ve t)-.25 H .743(hem attrib).15 F .743(utes such as)-.2 F F2 -.18(re)
-3.243 G(ad-).18 E(only)72 518.4 Q F0 5.512(.B)C .512
-(ash arithmetic allo)-5.512 F .512(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .511
-(luation of an e).25 F .511
-(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F .511(Shell v)5.511
-F(ari-)-.25 E .222
-(ables may be used as operands, and the result of an e)72 530.4 R .222
-(xpression may be assigned to a v)-.15 F 2.722(ariable. Nearly)-.25 F
-.222(all of)2.722 F(the operators from the C language are a)72 542.4 Q
--.25(va)-.2 G(ilable, with the same precedence rules:).25 E/F3 10
-/Courier@0 SF 6($e)97 560.4 S(cho $\(\(3 + 5 * 32\)\))-6 E(163)97 572.4
-Q F0 -.15(Fo)72 594 S 3.24(ri).15 G(nteracti)-3.24 E 1.04 -.15(ve u)-.25
-H .74(se, Bash implements ksh-style aliases and b).15 F .74
-(uiltins such as)-.2 F F2(fc)3.24 E F0 .74(\(discussed belo)3.24 F .74
-(w\) and)-.25 F F2(jobs)3.24 E F0(.)A .291(Bash aliases allo)72 606 R
-2.791(was)-.25 G .291(tring to be substituted for a command name.)-2.791
-F(The)5.291 E 2.791(yc)-.15 G .291(an be used to create a mnemonic)
--2.791 F .568(for a)72 618 R/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)3.068 E F0 .568
-(command name \()3.068 F F3 .568(alias del=rm)B F0 .568(\), to e)B .567
-(xpand a single w)-.15 F .567(ord to a comple)-.1 F 3.067(xc)-.15 G .567
-(ommand \()-3.067 F F3(alias)A .255
-(news='xterm -g 80x45 -title trn -e trn -e -S1 -N &')72 630 R F0 .255
-(\), or to ensure that a command)B(is in)72 642 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2
-G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith a basic set of options \()-2.5 E F3
-(alias ls="/bin/ls -F")A F0(\).)A .293(The C shell \()97 657.6 R F2(csh)
-A F0 .293(\)\207, originally written by Bill Jo)B 2.792(yw)-.1 G .292
-(hile at Berk)-2.792 F(ele)-.1 E 1.592 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 2.792(sw).65 G
-.292(idely used and quite popular)-2.792 F 1.499(for its interacti)72
-669.6 R 1.799 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 3.999(acilities. Bash).05 F 1.499
-(includes a csh-compatible history e)3.999 F 1.5
-(xpansion mechanism \(\231! history\232\),)-.15 F .019(brace e)72 681.6
-R .018(xpansion, access to a stack of directories via the)-.15 F F2
-(pushd)2.518 E F0(,)A F2(popd)2.518 E F0 2.518(,a)C(nd)-2.518 E F2(dirs)
-2.518 E F0 -.2(bu)2.518 G .018(iltins, and tilde e).2 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
-1.293(to generate users' home directories.)72 693.6 R -.35(Ti)6.294 G
-1.294(lde e).35 F 1.294(xpansion has also been adopted by both the K)
--.15 F 1.294(orn Shell and)-.35 F .32 LW 144 708.2 72 708.2 DL/F5 8
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(\207Morris Bolsk)72 720 Q 2(ya)-.12 G(nd Da)-2 E
-(vid K)-.16 E(orn,)-.28 E/F6 8/Times-Italic@0 SF(The K)2 E
-(ornShell Command and Pr)-.32 E -.08(og)-.36 G -.12(ra).08 G
-(mming Langua).12 E -.08(ge)-.08 G F5 2(,P).08 G(rentice Hall, 1989.)-2
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-3-)282.17 48 Q(POSIX.2.)72 84 Q .148
-(There were certain areas in which POSIX.2 felt standardization w)97
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-.149(xisting imple-)-.15 F 1.598(mentation pro)72 111.6 R 1.598
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--6.598 F 1.597(orking group in)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.597
-(nted and standardized functionality in).15 F .674
-(these areas, which Bash implements.)72 123.6 R(The)5.674 E/F1 10
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-.674(as in)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .674
-(nted so that shell functions could be).15 F .996(written to replace b)
-72 135.6 R .996(uiltins; it mak)-.2 F .996(es the capabilities of the b)
--.1 F .995(uiltin a)-.2 F -.25(va)-.2 G .995(ilable to the function.).25
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-(rd \231!\232 w).1 F 1.731(as added to ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.731
-(te the return v).05 F 1.731(alue of a command or pipeline; it w)-.25 F
-1.732(as nearly impossible to)-.1 F -.15(ex)72 159.6 S .286
-(press \231if not x\232 cleanly using the sh language.).15 F .286
-(There e)5.286 F .286(xist multiple incompatible implementations of the)
--.15 F F1(test)72 171.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.163 G .663
-(iltin, which tests \214les for type and other attrib).2 F .664
-(utes and performs arithmetic and string comparisons.)-.2 F .5
-(POSIX considered none of these correct, so the standard beha)72 183.6 R
-.5(vior w)-.2 F .5(as speci\214ed in terms of the number of)-.1 F(ar)72
-195.6 Q .412(guments to the command.)-.18 F .412(POSIX.2 dictates e)
-5.412 F .412(xactly what will happen when four or fe)-.15 F .412(wer ar)
--.25 F .412(guments are)-.18 F(gi)72 207.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.01(nt).15
-G(o)-5.01 E F1(test)5.01 E F0 5.01(,a)C 2.51(nd lea)-5.01 F -.15(ve)-.2
-G 5.01(st).15 G 2.51(he beha)-5.01 F 2.51(vior unde\214ned when more ar)
--.2 F 2.51(guments are supplied.)-.18 F 2.51(Bash uses the)7.51 F
-(POSIX.2 algorithm, which w)72 219.6 Q(as concei)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
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-(3.1. F)72 243.6 R(eatur)-.25 E(es not in the Bour)-.18 E(ne Shell)-.15
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-(ferences between Bash and the v)-.25 F .719
-(ersion of sh present on most other)-.15 F -.15(ve)72 271.2 S .874
-(rsions of).15 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)3.374 E F0 5.873(.T)C .873
-(he majority of these are due to the POSIX standard, b)-5.873 F .873
-(ut some are the result of Bash)-.2 F .386
-(adopting features from other shells.)72 283.2 R -.15(Fo)5.386 G 2.886
-(ri).15 G .386(nstance, Bash includes the ne)-2.886 F 2.886<7799>-.25 G
-.386(!\232 reserv)-2.886 F .386(ed w)-.15 F .386(ord, the)-.1 F F1
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-(iltin to correctly return a line ending with a backslash, symbolic ar)
-.2 F(guments)-.18 E .798(to the)72 307.2 R F1(umask)3.298 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.298 G .798(iltin, v).2 F .798(ariable substring remo)-.25 F -.25(va)
--.15 G .798(l, a w).25 F .799(ay to get the length of a v)-.1 F .799
-(ariable, and the ne)-.25 F 3.299(wa)-.25 G(lgo-)-3.299 E(rithm for the)
-72 319.2 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin from the POSIX.2 standard, none of which appear in sh.).2 E 1.225
-(Bash also implements the \231$\(...\)\232 command substitution syntax,\
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-346.8 R .351(\231$\(...\)\232 construct e)2.851 F .351(xpands to the ou\
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-(trailing ne)72 358.8 R .664(wlines remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.164
-(d. The).15 F .664(sh syntax is accepted for backw)3.164 F .664
-(ards compatibility)-.1 F 3.164(,b)-.65 G .664
-(ut the \231$\(...\)\232 form is)-3.364 F(preferred because its quoting\
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-(The Bourne shell does not pro)97 386.4 R .772
-(vide such features as brace e)-.15 F .772
-(xpansion, the ability to de\214ne a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E .283
-(and a function with the same name, local v)72 398.4 R .282
-(ariables in shell functions, the ability to enable and disable indi-)
--.25 F .547(vidual b)72 410.4 R .547
-(uiltins or write a function to replace a b)-.2 F .547
-(uiltin, or a means to e)-.2 F .547
-(xport a shell function to a child pro-)-.15 F(cess.)72 422.4 Q .32
-(Bash has closed a long-standing shell security hole by not using the)97
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-(ord)-.1 E 1.254(read by the shell, b)72 450 R 1.254
-(ut splitting only the results of e)-.2 F 1.255
-(xpansion \(ksh and the 4.4 BSD sh ha)-.15 F 1.555 -.15(ve \214)-.2 H
--.15(xe).15 G 3.755(dt).15 G 1.255(his as)-3.755 F 2.907(well\). Useful)
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--.7 G .406(ommand using the)-2.906 F F1 -.18(re)72 474 S(tur).18 E(n)
--.15 E F0 -.2(bu)2.742 G .242(iltin or automatically e).2 F .242
-(xporting v)-.15 F .243(ariables in the shell')-.25 F 2.743(se)-.55 G
--.4(nv)-2.743 G .243(ironment to children is also not present).4 F .969
-(in the Bourne shell.)72 486 R .968(Bash pro)5.968 F .968
-(vides a much more po)-.15 F .968(werful en)-.25 F .968
-(vironment for both interacti)-.4 F 1.268 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .968
-(se and pro-).15 F(gramming.)72 498 Q F1 2.5(4. Bash-speci\214c)72 522 R
--.25(Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E(es)-.18 E F0 .491(This section details a fe)97
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-Q 1.182 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .882(se, b).15 F .882(ut a fe)-.2 F 3.382(wp)
--.25 G .882(rogramming impro)-3.382 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .882
-(ments are present as well.).15 F .882(Full descriptions of these fea-)
-5.882 F(tures can be found in the Bash documentation.)72 561.6 Q F1 2.5
-(4.1. Startup)72 585.6 R(Files)2.5 E F0 .161(Bash e)97 601.2 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .161(cutes startup \214les dif).15 F .161
-(ferently than other shells.)-.25 F .162(The Bash beha)5.161 F .162
-(vior is a compromise between)-.2 F .29
-(the csh principle of startup \214les with \214x)72 613.2 R .29
-(ed names e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .29
-(cuted for each shell and the sh \231minimalist\232 beha).15 F(vior)-.2
-E(.)-.55 E 2.955(An interacti)72 625.2 R 3.255 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.955
-(nstance of Bash started as a login shell reads and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
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-F0 2.956(\(the \214le)5.456 F .954(.bash_pro\214le in the user')72 637.2
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-(xists. An)-.15 F(interacti)3.453 E 1.253 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .953
-(on-login shell reads and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F3
-(~/.bashr)72 649.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 5.641(.A)C(non-interacti)-2.5 E .942
--.15(ve s)-.25 H .642(hell \(one be).15 F .642(gun to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .642(cute a shell script, for e).15 F .642
-(xample\) reads no \214x)-.15 F .642(ed startup)-.15 F .342(\214le, b)72
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-E F1($ENV)2.842 E F0 2.841(,i)C 2.841(fs)-2.841 G .341
-(et, as the name of a startup \214le.)-2.841 F .341
-(The ksh practice of read-)5.341 F(ing)72 673.2 Q F1($ENV)3.114 E F0
-.614(for e)3.114 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .614(ry shell, with the accompan).15 F
-.615(ying dif)-.15 F .615(\214culty of de\214ning the proper v)-.25 F
-.615(ariables and functions)-.25 F .721(for interacti)72 685.2 R 1.021
--.15(ve a)-.25 H .721(nd non-interacti).15 F 1.021 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .721
-(hells or ha).15 F .721(ving the \214le read only for interacti)-.2 F
-1.02 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .72(hells, w).15 F .72(as considered)-.1 F .158
-(too comple)72 697.2 R 2.658(x. Ease)-.15 F .158(of use w)2.658 F .158
-(on out here.)-.1 F(Interestingly)5.158 E 2.658(,t)-.65 G .158(he ne)
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-2.659 E .32 LW 144 705.2 72 705.2 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .559
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-(ntroduction to the C Shell,)-2.559 F/F5 8/Times-Italic@0 SF .558
-(UNIX User')2.558 F 2.558(sS)-.32 G .558(upplementary Documents)-2.558 F
-F4 2.558(,U)C(ni)-2.558 E -.12(ve)-.2 G .558(rsity of California at).12
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--.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.2. New)72 108
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--.2(av e)-3.52 H 1.02(been e)3.72 F 1.02(xtended in Bash.)-.15 F(The)
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--.2(bu)72 135.6 S .824(iltin commands to be turned on and of).2 F 3.324
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-E F0 2.573(,a)C(nd)-2.573 E F1(dirs)2.573 E F0 -.2(bu)2.573 G(iltins.).2
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-(insert and remo)2.573 F .373 -.15(ve d)-.15 H .073(irectories from the)
-.15 F 2.858(stack, respecti)72 195.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.358(,a)
--.65 G(nd)-5.358 E F1(dirs)5.358 E F0 2.858(lists the stack contents.)
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-(ne-grained control of)-5.358 F 1.339(resources, the)72 207.6 R F1
-(ulimit)3.839 E F0 -.2(bu)3.839 G 1.339
-(iltin can be used to tune these settings.).2 F F1(Ulimit)6.34 E F0
-(allo)3.84 E 1.34(ws a user to control, among)-.25 F 1.086
-(other things, whether core dumps are to be generated, ho)72 219.6 R
-3.586(wm)-.25 G 1.086(uch memory the shell or a child process is)-3.586
-F(allo)72 231.6 Q .496(wed to allocate, and ho)-.25 F 2.996(wl)-.25 G
-(ar)-2.996 E .496(ge a \214le created by a child process can gro)-.18 F
-4.296 -.65(w. T)-.25 H(he).65 E F1(suspend)2.996 E F0 .497(command will)
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--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.243(;m).15 G .743(ost other shells do not allo)-3.243 F
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-.218(ord is typed as a)-.1 F(command:)72 267.6 Q F3 6($t)97 285.6 S
-(ype export)-6 E(export is a shell builtin)97 297.6 Q 6($t)97 309.6 S
-(ype -t export)-6 E(builtin)97 321.6 Q 6($t)97 333.6 S(ype bash)-6 E
-(bash is /bin/bash)97 345.6 Q 6($t)97 357.6 S(ype cd)-6 E
-(cd is a function)97 369.6 Q(cd \(\))97 381.6 Q({)97 393.6 Q
-(builtin cd ${1+"$@"} && xtitle $HOST: $PWD)121 405.6 Q(})97 417.6 Q F0
--1.11(Va)72 439.2 S .682(rious modes tell what a command w)1.11 F .681
-(ord is \(reserv)-.1 F .681(ed w)-.15 F .681(ord, alias, function, b)-.1
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-(sion of a command will be e)72 451.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.15
-(cuted based on a user').15 F 3.65(ss)-.55 G 1.15(earch path.)-3.65 F
-1.15(Some of this functionality has been)6.15 F
-(adopted by POSIX.2 and folded into the)72 463.2 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0
-(utility)2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1 2.5(4.3. Editing)72 487.2 R(and Completion)
-2.5 E F0 .682(One area in which Bash shines is command line editing.)97
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-.681(library to read and)3.181 F .942(edit lines when interacti)72 514.8
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.942(.R).15 G .942(eadline is a po)-5.942 F .942
-(werful and \215e)-.25 F .942(xible input f)-.15 F .943
-(acility that a user can con\214gure to)-.1 F(indi)72 526.8 Q .732
-(vidual tastes.)-.25 F .732(It allo)5.732 F .732(ws lines to be edited \
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-(are appropriate.)72 538.8 R .2
-(The full capability of emacs is not present \255 there is no w)5.2 F .2
-(ay to e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cute a named command).15 F 1.15
-(with M-x, for instance \255 b)72 550.8 R 1.15(ut the e)-.2 F 1.149
-(xisting commands are more than adequate.)-.15 F 1.149
-(The vi mode is compliant)6.149 F
-(with the command line editing standardized by POSIX.2.)72 562.8 Q 1.69
-(Readline is fully customizable.)97 578.4 R 1.691
-(In addition to the basic commands and k)6.69 F 1.991 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-1.691(indings, the library).15 F(allo)72 590.4 Q .028
-(ws users to de\214ne additional k)-.25 F .327 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .027
-(indings using a startup \214le.).15 F(The)5.027 E F2(inputr)2.527 E(c)
--.37 E F0 .027(\214le, which def)2.527 F .027(aults to the \214le)-.1 F
-F2(~/.inputr)72 602.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 3.002(,i)C 3.002(sr)-3.002 G .503(e\
-ad each time readline initializes, permitting users to maintain a consi\
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-.892(ace, so each program using the library can add its)-.1 F -.25(ow)72
-626.4 S 3.56(nb).25 G 1.06(indable commands and program-speci\214c k)
--3.56 F 1.361 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 3.561(indings. Bash).15 F 1.061
-(uses this f)3.561 F 1.061(acility to add bindings that)-.1 F
-(perform history e)72 638.4 Q(xpansion or shell w)-.15 E(ord e)-.1 E
-(xpansions on the current input line.)-.15 E .707
-(Readline interprets a number of v)97 654 R .706
-(ariables which further tune its beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.706(.V)-.55 G
-.706(ariables e)-6.816 F .706(xist to control)-.15 F .157
-(whether or not eight-bit characters are directly read as input or con)
-72 666 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .158(rted to meta-pre\214x).15 F .158(ed k)-.15 F
-.458 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .158(equences \(a).15 F(meta-pre\214x)72 678 Q .082
-(ed k)-.15 F .382 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .081(equence consists of the characte\
-r with the eighth bit zeroed, preceded by the).15 F F2(meta-pr)2.581 E
-(e\214x)-.37 E F0(character)72 690 Q 3.233(,u)-.4 G .733
-(sually escape, which selects an alternate k)-3.233 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .734
-(map\), to decide whether to output characters with).15 F .624
-(the eighth bit set directly or as a meta-pre\214x)72 702 R .624(ed k)
--.15 F .924 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .623
-(equence, whether or not to wrap to a ne).15 F 3.123(ws)-.25 G .623
-(creen line)-3.123 F 1.196
-(when a line being edited is longer than the screen width, the k)72 714
-R -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.196(map to which subsequent k).15 F 1.496 -.15(ey b)
--.1 H(indings).15 E .531(should apply)72 726 R 3.031(,o)-.65 G 3.031(re)
--3.031 G -.15(ve)-3.281 G 3.031(nw).15 G .531
-(hat happens when readline w)-3.031 F .531(ants to ring the terminal')
--.1 F 3.03(sb)-.55 G 3.03(ell. All)-3.03 F .53(of these v)3.03 F
-(ariables)-.25 E EP
-%%Page: 5 5
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-5-)282.17 48 Q
-(can be set in the inputrc \214le.)72 84 Q .284
-(The startup \214le understands a set of C preprocessor)97 99.6 R(-lik)
--.2 E 2.785(ec)-.1 G .285(onditional constructs which allo)-2.785 F
-2.785(wv)-.25 G(ariables)-3.035 E .12(or k)72 111.6 R .42 -.15(ey b)-.1
-H .119(indings to be assigned based on the application using readline, \
-the terminal currently being used, or).15 F .338(the editing mode.)72
-123.6 R .338(Users can add program-speci\214c bindings to mak)5.338 F
-2.838(et)-.1 G .338(heir li)-2.838 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.838(se).15 G 2.838
-(asier: I)-2.838 F(ha)2.838 E .639 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .339(indings that).15
-F(let me edit the v)72 135.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($P)
-2.5 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(and double-quote the current or pre)2.5
-E(vious w)-.25 E(ord:)-.1 E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF 6(#M)97 153.6 S
-(acros that are convenient for shell interaction)-6 E($if Bash)97 165.6
-Q 6(#e)97 177.6 S(dit the path)-6 E
-("\\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\\e\\C-e\\C-a\\ef\\C-f")97 189.6 Q 6(#p)97 201.6
-S(repare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double)-6 E 6
-(#q)97 213.6 S(uotes and move to just after the open quote)-6 E
-("\\C-x\\"": "\\"\\"\\C-b")97 225.6 Q 6(#Q)97 237.6 S
-(uote the current or previous word)-6 E("\\C-xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")97
-249.6 Q($endif)97 261.6 Q F0 .322(There is a readline command to re-rea\
-d the \214le, so users can edit the \214le, change some bindings, and b\
-e)72 283.2 R(gin)-.15 E(to use them almost immediately)72 295.2 Q(.)-.65
-E .851(Bash implements the)97 310.8 R F1(bind)3.351 E F0 -.2(bu)3.351 G
-.851(iltin for more dyamic control of readline than the startup \214le \
-permits.).2 F F1(Bind)72 322.8 Q F0 .25(is used in se)2.75 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G .25(ral w).15 F 2.75(ays. In)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list)
-2.75 E F0 .25(mode, it can display the current k)2.75 F .55 -.15(ey b)
--.1 H .25(indings, list all the readline edit-).15 F .149(ing directi)72
-334.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.649(sa).15 G -.25(va)-2.849 G .149
-(ilable for binding, list which k).25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.649(si).15 G
--1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.649 H .349 -.1(ke a g).4 H -2.15 -.25(iv e).1 H 2.65
-(nd).25 G(irecti)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.65(,o).15 G 2.65(ro)-2.65 G
-.15(utput the current set of k)-2.65 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .042(bindings in a\
- format that can be incorporated directly into an inputrc \214le.)72
-346.8 R(In)5.041 E F3(batc)2.541 E(h)-.15 E F0 .041
-(mode, it reads a series of)2.541 F -.1(ke)72 358.8 S 2.858(yb)-.05 G
-.359(indings directly from a \214le and passes them to readline.)-2.858
-F .359(In its most common usage,)5.359 F F1(bind)2.859 E F0(tak)2.859 E
-.359(es a sin-)-.1 F 1.117(gle string and passes it directly to readlin\
-e, which interprets the line as if it had just been read from the)72
-370.8 R(inputrc \214le.)72 382.8 Q(Both k)5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-(indings and v).15 E(ariable assignments may appear in the string gi)
--.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nt).15 G(o)-2.5 E F1(bind)2.5 E F0(.)A .53
-(The readline library also pro)97 398.4 R .53(vides an interf)-.15 F .53
-(ace for)-.1 F F3(wor)3.03 E 3.03(dc)-.37 G(ompletion)-3.03 E F0 5.53
-(.W)C .53(hen the)-5.53 F F3(completion)3.03 E F0(character)3.03 E 1.261
-(\(usually T)72 410.4 R 1.261(AB\) is typed, readline looks at the w)
--.93 F 1.26(ord currently being entered and computes the set of \214le-)
--.1 F .523(names of which the current w)72 422.4 R .523(ord is a v)-.1 F
-.523(alid pre\214x.)-.25 F .524
-(If there is only one possible completion, the rest of the)5.523 F .358
-(characters are inserted directly)72 434.4 R 2.858(,o)-.65 G .358(therw\
-ise the common pre\214x of the set of \214lenames is added to the curre\
-nt)-2.858 F -.1(wo)72 446.4 S 3.199(rd. A).1 F .699(second T)3.199 F
-.699(AB character entered immediately after a non-unique completion cau\
-ses readline to list)-.93 F 1.814
-(the possible completions; there is an option to ha)72 458.4 R 2.113
--.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.813(he list displayed immediately).15 F 6.813(.R)-.65
-G 1.813(eadline pro)-6.813 F(vides)-.15 E .482
-(hooks so that applications can pro)72 470.4 R .482
-(vide speci\214c types of completion before the def)-.15 F .483
-(ault \214lename completion)-.1 F .132(is attempted.)72 482.4 R .132
-(This is quite \215e)5.132 F .132
-(xible, though it is not completely user)-.15 F 2.632
-(-programmable. Bash,)-.2 F .132(for e)2.632 F .132(xample, can)-.15 F
-.37(complete \214lenames, command names \(including aliases, b)72 494.4
-R .37(uiltins, shell reserv)-.2 F .37(ed w)-.15 F .37
-(ords, shell functions, and)-.1 F -.15(exe)72 506.4 S .424
-(cutables found in the \214le system\), shell v).15 F .424
-(ariables, usernames, and hostnames.)-.25 F .423
-(It uses a set of heuristics)5.424 F(that, while not perfect, is genera\
-lly quite good at determining what type of completion to attempt.)72
-518.4 Q F1 2.5(4.4. History)72 542.4 R F0 .144
-(Access to the list of commands pre)97 558 R .144(viously entered \(the)
--.25 F F3 .144(command history)2.644 F F0 2.644(\)i)C 2.644(sp)-2.644 G
-(ro)-2.644 E .144(vided jointly by Bash)-.15 F .078
-(and the readline library)72 570 R 5.077(.B)-.65 G .077(ash pro)-5.077 F
-.077(vides v)-.15 F .077(ariables \()-.25 F F1($HISTFILE)A F0(,)A F1
-($HISTSIZE)2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1($HISTCONTR)2.577 E(OL)
--.3 E F0 2.577(\)a)C(nd)-2.577 E(the)72 582 Q F1(history)2.89 E F0(and)
-2.89 E F1(fc)2.89 E F0 -.2(bu)2.89 G .39
-(iltins to manipulate the history list.).2 F .391(The v)5.391 F .391
-(alue of)-.25 F F1($HISTFILE)2.891 E F0 .391(specifes the \214le where)
-2.891 F .49(Bash writes the command history on e)72 594 R .489
-(xit and reads it on startup.)-.15 F F1($HISTSIZE)5.489 E F0 .489
-(is used to limit the number)2.989 F .642(of commands sa)72 606 R -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 3.142(di).15 G 3.142(nt)-3.142 G .642(he history)-3.142 F(.)
--.65 E F1($HISTCONTR)5.642 E(OL)-.3 E F0(pro)3.142 E .642
-(vides a crude form of control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.142(rw).15 G
-.642(hich com-)-3.142 F .025(mands are sa)72 618 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.525
-(do).15 G 2.525(nt)-2.525 G .025(he history list: a v)-2.525 F .025
-(alue of)-.25 F F3(ignor)2.525 E(espace)-.37 E F0 .025(means to not sa)
-2.525 F .324 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .024(ommands which be).15 F .024
-(gin with a)-.15 F .927(space; a v)72 630 R .927(alue of)-.25 F F3
-(ignor)3.427 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .927(means to not sa)3.427 F 1.228 -.15
-(ve c)-.2 H .928(ommands identical to the last command sa).15 F -.15(ve)
--.2 G(d.).15 E F1($HIST)5.928 E(-)-.92 E(CONTR)72 642 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 -.1
-(wa)3.778 G 3.778(sn).1 G(amed)-3.778 E F1($history_contr)3.778 E(ol)
--.18 E F0 1.278(in earlier v)3.778 F 1.278
-(ersions of Bash; the old name is still accepted for)-.15 F(backw)72 654
-Q .575(ards compatibility)-.1 F 5.575(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.575 E F1(history)
-3.075 E F0 .575
-(command can read or write \214les containing the history list and dis-)
-3.075 F .167(play the current list contents.)72 666 R(The)5.167 E F1(fc)
-2.667 E F0 -.2(bu)2.667 G .167(iltin, adopted from POSIX.2 and the K).2
-F .167(orn Shell, allo)-.35 F .167(ws display and)-.25 F(re-e)72 678 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G .58
-(cution, with optional editing, of commands from the history list.).15 F
-.58(The readline library of)5.58 F .58(fers a set of)-.25 F 1.255(comma\
-nds to search the history list for a portion of the current input line \
-or a string typed by the user)72 690 R(.)-.55 E(Finally)72 702 Q 2.535
-(,t)-.65 G(he)-2.535 E F3(history)2.535 E F0(library)2.535 E 2.535(,g)
--.65 G .036(enerally incorporated directly into the readline library)
--2.535 F 2.536(,i)-.65 G .036(mplements a f)-2.536 F .036(acility for)
--.1 F 1.023(history recall, e)72 714 R 1.022(xpansion, and re-e)-.15 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 1.022(cution of pre).15 F 1.022(vious commands v)-.25 F
-1.022(ery similar to csh \(\231bang history\232, so)-.15 F
-(called because the e)72 726 Q
-(xclamation point introduces a history substitution\):)-.15 E EP
-%%Page: 6 6
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-6-)282.17 48 Q/F1 10/Courier@0 SF 6($e)97 84 S
-(cho a b c d e)-6 E 6(abcde)97 96 S 6($!)97 108 S 6(!fghi)-6 G
-(echo a b c d e f g h i)97 120 Q 6(abcdefghi)97 132 S 6($!)97 144 S(-2)
--6 E(echo a b c d e)97 156 Q 6(abcde)97 168 S 6($e)97 180 S(cho !-2:1-4)
--6 E(echo a b c d)97 192 Q 6(abcd)97 204 S F0 1.456
-(The command history is only sa)72 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.957(dw).15 G
-1.457(hen the shell is interacti)-3.957 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.957(,s).15 G
-3.957(oi)-3.957 G 3.957(ti)-3.957 G 3.957(sn)-3.957 G 1.457(ot a)-3.957
-F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.457(ilable for use by shell).25 F(scripts.)72 237.6 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.5. New)72 261.6 R(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)
--.92 E F0 .59(There are a number of con)97 277.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .589
-(nience v).15 F .589(ariables that Bash interprets to mak)-.25 F 3.089
-(el)-.1 G .589(ife easier)-3.089 F 5.589(.T)-.55 G .589(hese include)
--5.589 F F2(FIGNORE)72 289.2 Q F0 3.973(,w)C 1.473
-(hich is a set of \214lename suf)-3.973 F<8c78>-.25 E 1.474
-(es identifying \214les to e)-.15 F 1.474
-(xclude when completing \214lenames;)-.15 F F2(HOSTTYPE)72 301.2 Q F0
-2.932(,w)C .432
-(hich is automatically set to a string describing the type of hardw)
--2.932 F .431(are on which Bash is cur)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .335(rently e)72
-313.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting;).15 E F2(command_oriented_history)2.835 E
-F0 2.835(,w)C .335(hich directs Bash to sa)-2.835 F .635 -.15(ve a)-.2 H
-.336(ll lines of a multiple-line com-).15 F 1.071(mand such as a)72
-325.2 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(while)3.571 E F0(or)3.571 E F3(for)3.571
-E F0 1.071(loop in a single history entry)3.571 F 3.57(,a)-.65 G(llo)
--3.57 E 1.07(wing easy re-editing; and)-.25 F F2(IGNOREEOF)3.57 E F0(,)A
-.747(whose v)72 337.2 R .747(alue indicates the number of consecuti)-.25
-F 1.047 -.15(ve E)-.25 H .747(OF characters that an interacti).15 F
-1.048 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .748(hell will read before).15 F -.15(ex)72 349.2
-S 1.432(iting \255 an easy w).15 F 1.432(ay to k)-.1 F 1.432
-(eep yourself from being logged out accidentally)-.1 F 6.432(.T)-.65 G
-(he)-6.432 E F2(auto_r)3.932 E(esume)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)3.932 G(riable)
-.25 E .571(alters the w)72 361.2 R .571
-(ay the shell treats simple command names: if job control is acti)-.1 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.071(,a).15 G .571(nd this v)-3.071 F .571
-(ariable is set, sin-)-.25 F(gle-w)72 373.2 Q .239(ord simple commands \
-without redirections cause the shell to \214rst look for and restart a \
-suspended job)-.1 F(with that name before starting a ne)72 385.2 Q 2.5
-(wp)-.25 G(rocess.)-2.5 E F2 2.5(4.6. Brace)72 409.2 R(Expansion)2.5 E
-F0 .653(Since sh of)97 424.8 R .653(fers no con)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G
-.653(nient w).15 F .653
-(ay to generate arbitrary strings that share a common pre\214x or suf)
--.1 F<8c78>-.25 E 2.124(\(\214lename e)72 436.8 R 2.124
-(xpansion requires that the \214lenames e)-.15 F 2.123
-(xist\), Bash implements)-.15 F F3(br)4.623 E 2.123(ace e)-.15 F
-(xpansion)-.2 E F0 4.623(,ac)C(apability)-4.623 E(pick)72 448.8 Q .773
-(ed up from csh.)-.1 F .774(Brace e)5.773 F .774
-(xpansion is similar to \214lename e)-.15 F .774(xpansion, b)-.15 F .774
-(ut the strings generated need not)-.2 F 1.211(correspond to e)72 460.8
-R 1.211(xisting \214les.)-.15 F 3.711(Ab)6.211 G 1.211(race e)-3.711 F
-1.211(xpression consists of an optional)-.15 F F3(pr)3.71 E(eamble)-.37
-E F0 3.71(,f)C(ollo)-3.71 E 1.21(wed by a pair of)-.25 F 2.938
-(braces enclosing a series of comma-separated strings, and an optional)
-72 472.8 R F3(postamble)5.438 E F0 7.938(.T)C 2.938(he preamble is)
--7.938 F(prepended to each string within the braces, and the postamble \
-is then appended to each resulting string:)72 484.8 Q F1 6($e)97 502.8 S
-(cho a{d,c,b}e)-6 E(ade ace abe)97 514.8 Q F0 .306(As this e)72 536.4 R
-.306(xample demonstrates, the results of brace e)-.15 F .305
-(xpansion are not sorted, as the)-.15 F 2.805(ya)-.15 G .305
-(re by \214lename e)-2.805 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)72 548.4 Q F2 2.5
-(4.7. Pr)72 572.4 R(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F0 .457
-(On systems that can support it, Bash pro)97 588 R .457(vides a f)-.15 F
-.457(acility kno)-.1 F .458(wn as)-.25 F F3(pr)2.958 E .458
-(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.458(.P)C .458(rocess sub-)-5.458 F .347
-(stitution is similar to command substitution in that its speci\214cati\
-on includes a command to e)72 600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .346(cute, b).15 F
-.346(ut the)-.2 F .181(shell does not collect the command')72 612 R
-2.681(so)-.55 G .181(utput and insert it into the command line.)-2.681 F
-(Rather)5.181 E 2.681(,B)-.4 G .182(ash opens a pipe)-2.681 F 1.861
-(to the command, which is run in the background.)72 624 R 1.861
-(The shell uses named pipes \(FIFOs\) or the)6.861 F F3(/de)4.361 E
-(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .961(method of naming open \214les to e)72 636 R .962(x\
-pand the process substitution to a \214lename which connects to the pip\
-e)-.15 F .104(when opened.)72 648 R .103
-(This \214lename becomes the result of the e)5.104 F 2.603
-(xpansion. Process)-.15 F .103(substitution can be used to com-)2.603 F
-(pare the outputs of tw)72 660 Q 2.5(od)-.1 G(if)-2.5 E(ferent v)-.25 E
-(ersions of an application as part of a re)-.15 E(gression test:)-.15 E
-F1 6($c)97 678 S(mp <\(old_prog\) <\(new_prog\))-6 E EP
-%%Page: 7 7
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-7-)282.17 48 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5
-(4.8. Pr)72 84 R(ompt Customization)-.18 E F0 2.229
-(One of the more popular interacti)97 99.6 R 2.529 -.15(ve f)-.25 H
-2.229(eatures that Bash pro).15 F 2.23
-(vides is the ability to customize the)-.15 F 3.234(prompt. Both)72
-111.6 R F1($PS1)3.234 E F0(and)3.234 E F1($PS2,)3.234 E F0 .734
-(the primary and secondary prompts, are e)3.234 F .733
-(xpanded before being displayed.)-.15 F -.15(Pa)72 123.6 S .804
-(rameter and v).15 F .804(ariable e)-.25 F .805
-(xpansion is performed when the prompt string is e)-.15 F .805
-(xpanded, so an)-.15 F 3.305(ys)-.15 G .805(hell v)-3.305 F(ariable)-.25
-E .729(can be put into the prompt \(e.g.,)72 135.6 R F1($SHL)3.228 E(VL)
--.92 E F0 3.228(,w)C .728(hich indicates ho)-3.228 F 3.228(wd)-.25 G
-.728(eeply the current shell is nested\).)-3.228 F(Bash)5.728 E 1.895(s\
-pecially interprets characters in the prompt string preceded by a backs\
-lash.)72 147.6 R 1.895(Some of these backslash)6.895 F .874
-(escapes are replaced with the current time, the date, the current w)72
-159.6 R .874(orking directory)-.1 F 3.373(,t)-.65 G .873
-(he username, and the)-3.373 F .78
-(command number or history number of the command being entered.)72 171.6
-R .781(There is e)5.781 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.281(nab).15 G .781
-(ackslash escape to)-3.281 F .007
-(cause the shell to change its prompt when running as root after an)72
-183.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(su)2.507 E F0 5.007(.B)C .007
-(efore printing each primary prompt,)-5.007 F .305(Bash e)72 195.6 R
-.305(xpands the v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1($PR)2.805 E(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3
-E F0 .305(and, if it has a v)2.805 F .306(alue, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.306(cutes the e).15 F .306(xpanded v)-.15 F .306(alue as)-.25 F 3.735
-(ac)72 207.6 S 1.235(ommand, allo)-3.735 F 1.234
-(wing additional prompt customization.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)6.234 G 3.734(re)
-.15 G 1.234(xample, this assignment causes the current)-3.884 F(user)72
-219.6 Q 2.917(,t)-.4 G .417
-(he current host, the time, the last component of the current w)-2.917 F
-.417(orking directory)-.1 F 2.917(,t)-.65 G .418(he le)-2.917 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.918(lo).15 G 2.918(fs)-2.918 G .418(hell nest-)-2.918 F(ing, a\
-nd the history number of the current command to be embedded into the pr\
-imary prompt:)72 231.6 Q/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6($P)97 249.6 S
-(S1='\\u@\\h [\\t] \\W\($SHLVL:\\!\)\\$ ')-6 E
-(chet@odin [21:03:44] documentation\(2:636\)$ cd ..)97 261.6 Q
-(chet@odin [21:03:54] src\(2:637\)$)97 273.6 Q F0 .146(The string being\
- assigned is surrounded by single quotes so that if it is e)72 295.2 R
-.146(xported, the v)-.15 F .146(alue of)-.25 F F1($SHL)2.646 E(VL)-.92 E
-F0(will)2.646 E(be updated by a child shell:)72 307.2 Q F3
-(chet@odin [21:17:35] src\(2:638\)$ export PS1)97 325.2 Q
-(chet@odin [21:17:40] src\(2:639\)$ bash)97 337.2 Q
-(chet@odin [21:17:46] src\(3:696\)$)97 349.2 Q F0
-(The \\$ escape is displayed as \231)72 370.8 Q F1($)A F0 2.5<9a77>C
-(hen running as a normal user)-2.5 E 2.5(,b)-.4 G(ut as \231)-2.7 E F1
-(#)A F0 2.5<9a77>C(hen running as root.)-2.5 E F1 2.5(4.9. File)72 394.8
-R(System V)2.5 E(iews)-.37 E F0 .029(Since Berk)97 410.4 R(ele)-.1 E
-2.529(yi)-.15 G .029
-(ntroduced symbolic links in 4.2 BSD, one of their most anno)-2.529 F
-.03(ying properties has been)-.1 F .764(the \231w)72 422.4 R .764
-(arping\232 to a completely dif)-.1 F .764
-(ferent area of the \214le system when using)-.25 F F1(cd)3.263 E F0
-3.263(,a)C .763(nd the resultant non-intu-)-3.263 F(iti)72 434.4 Q .704
--.15(ve b)-.25 H(eha).15 E .405(vior of \231)-.2 F F1 .405(cd ..)B F0
-2.905(\232. The)B/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.905 E F0 -.1(ke)2.905 G
-.405(rnel treats symbolic links).1 F F2(physically)2.905 E F0 5.405(.W)C
-.405(hen the k)-5.405 F .405(ernel is translating)-.1 F 3.223(ap)72
-446.4 S .723(athname in which one component is a symbolic link, it repl\
-aces all or part of the pathname while pro-)-3.223 F .668
-(cessing the link.)72 458.4 R .668
-(If the contents of the symbolic link be)5.668 F .669
-(gin with a slash, the k)-.15 F .669(ernel replaces the pathname)-.1 F
-.219(entirely; if not, the link contents replace the current component.)
-72 470.4 R .219(In either case, the symbolic link is visible.)5.219 F
-.058(If the link v)72 482.4 R .058(alue is an absolute pathname, the us\
-er \214nds himself in a completely dif)-.25 F .059
-(ferent part of the \214le sys-)-.25 F(tem.)72 494.4 Q .704(Bash pro)97
-510 R .704(vides a)-.15 F F2(lo)3.203 E(gical)-.1 E F0(vie)3.203 E 3.203
-(wo)-.25 G 3.203(ft)-3.203 G .703(he \214le system.)-3.203 F .703
-(In this def)5.703 F .703(ault mode, command and \214lename com-)-.1 F
-.522(pletion and b)72 522 R .522(uiltin commands such as)-.2 F F1(cd)
-3.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1(pushd)3.022 E F0 .522
-(which change the current w)3.022 F .522(orking directory transpar)-.1 F
-(-)-.2 E .127(ently follo)72 534 R 2.627(ws)-.25 G .127
-(ymbolic links as if the)-2.627 F 2.627(yw)-.15 G .127(ere directories.)
--2.627 F(The)5.126 E F1($PWD)2.626 E F0 -.25(va)2.626 G .126
-(riable, which holds the shell').25 F 2.626(si)-.55 G .126(dea of)-2.626
-F .366(the current w)72 546 R .366(orking directory)-.1 F 2.866(,d)-.65
-G .367
-(epends on the path used to reach the directory rather than its ph)
--2.866 F .367(ysical loca-)-.05 F
-(tion in the local \214le system hierarch)72 558 Q 3.8 -.65(y. F)-.05 H
-(or e).5 E(xample:)-.15 E F3 6($c)97 576 S 6(d/)-6 G(usr/local/bin)-6 E
-6($e)97 588 S(cho $PWD)-6 E(/usr/local/bin)97 600 Q 6($p)97 612 S(wd)-6
-E(/usr/local/bin)97 624 Q 6($/)97 636 S(bin/pwd)-6 E
-(/net/share/sun4/local/bin)97 648 Q 6($c)97 660 S 6(d.)-6 G(.)-6 E 6($p)
-97 672 S(wd)-6 E(/usr/local)97 684 Q 6($/)97 696 S(bin/pwd)-6 E
-(/net/share/sun4/local)97 708 Q 6($c)97 720 S 6(d.)-6 G(.)-6 E EP
-%%Page: 8 8
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-8-)282.17 48 Q/F1 10/Courier@0 SF 6($p)97 84 S
-(wd)-6 E(/usr)97 96 Q 6($/)97 108 S(bin/pwd)-6 E(/usr)97 120 Q F0 .3(On\
-e problem with this, of course, arises when programs that do not unders\
-tand the shell')72 141.6 R 2.8(sl)-.55 G .3(ogical notion of)-2.8 F .217
-(the \214le system interpret \231..)72 153.6 R 2.718<9a64>-.7 G(if)
--2.718 E(ferently)-.25 E 5.218(.T)-.65 G .218
-(his generally happens when Bash completes \214lenames containing)-5.218
-F(\231..)72 165.6 Q 3.384<9a61>-.7 G .884
-(ccording to a logical hierarch)-3.384 F 3.384(yw)-.05 G .884
-(hich does not correspond to their ph)-3.384 F .883(ysical location.)
--.05 F -.15(Fo)5.883 G 3.383(ru).15 G .883(sers who)-3.383 F
-(\214nd this troublesome, a corresponding)72 177.6 Q/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(physical)2.5 E F0(vie)2.5 E 2.5(wo)-.25 G 2.5(ft)-2.5
-G(he \214le system is a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1 6($c)97
-195.6 S 6(d/)-6 G(usr/local/bin)-6 E 6($p)97 207.6 S(wd)-6 E
-(/usr/local/bin)97 219.6 Q 6($s)97 231.6 S(et -o physical)-6 E 6($p)97
-243.6 S(wd)-6 E(/net/share/sun4/local/bin)97 255.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF 2.5(4.10. Inter)72 285.6 R(nationalization)-.15 E F0 .145
-(One of the most signi\214cant impro)97 301.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .145
-(ments in v).15 F .145(ersion 1.13 of Bash w)-.15 F .145
-(as the change to \231eight-bit clean-)-.1 F 2.933(liness\232. Pre)72
-313.2 R .433(vious v)-.25 F .432
-(ersions used the eighth bit of characters to mark whether or not the)
--.15 F 2.932(yw)-.15 G .432(ere quoted when)-2.932 F 1.495(performing w)
-72 325.2 R 1.495(ord e)-.1 F 3.995(xpansions. While)-.15 F 1.495
-(this did not af)3.995 F 1.496
-(fect the majority of users, most of whom used only)-.25 F(se)72 337.2 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 1.236(n-bit ASCII characters, some found it con\214ning.)
-.15 F(Be)6.236 E 1.236(ginning with v)-.15 F 1.236
-(ersion 1.13, Bash implemented a)-.15 F(dif)72 349.2 Q .02(ferent quoti\
-ng mechanism that did not alter the eighth bit of characters.)-.25 F
-.021(This allo)5.021 F .021(wed Bash to manipulate)-.25 F .427
-(\214les with \231odd\232 characters in their names, b)72 361.2 R .427
-(ut did nothing to help users enter those names, so v)-.2 F .426
-(ersion 1.13)-.15 F 1.458
-(introduced changes to readline that made it eight-bit clean as well.)72
-373.2 R 1.458(Options e)6.458 F 1.458(xist that force readline to)-.15 F
-.744(attach no special signi\214cance to characters with the eighth bit\
- set \(the def)72 385.2 R .744(ault beha)-.1 F .744(vior is to con)-.2 F
--.15(ve)-.4 G .744(rt these).15 F .641(characters to meta-pre\214x)72
-397.2 R .641(ed k)-.15 F .941 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .642
-(equences\) and to output these characters without con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4
-G .642(rsion to meta-pre-).15 F<8c78>72 409.2 Q .008(ed sequences.)-.15
-F .007(These changes, along with the e)5.007 F .007(xpansion of k)-.15 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G .007(maps to a full eight bits, enable readline to).15 F
--.1(wo)72 421.2 S(rk with most of the ISO-8859 f).1 E
-(amily of character sets, used by man)-.1 E 2.5(yE)-.15 G
-(uropean countries.)-2.5 E F3 2.5(4.11. POSIX)72 445.2 R(Mode)2.5 E F0
-.584(Although Bash is intended to be POSIX.2 conformant, there are area\
-s in which the def)97 460.8 R .584(ault beha)-.1 F(vior)-.2 E .463
-(is not compatible with the standard.)72 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.463 G 2.962
-(ru).15 G .462(sers who wish to operate in a strict POSIX.2 en)-2.962 F
-.462(vironment, Bash)-.4 F .505(implements a)72 484.8 R F2 .505
-(POSIX mode)3.005 F F0 5.505(.W)C .505(hen this mode is acti)-5.505 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.005(,B).15 G .505(ash modi\214es its def)-3.005 F .505
-(ault operation where it dif)-.1 F(fers)-.25 E .267
-(from POSIX.2 to match the standard.)72 496.8 R .266
-(POSIX mode is entered when Bash is started with the)5.267 F F3(-posix)
-2.766 E F0(option.)2.766 E .149(This feature is also a)72 508.8 R -.25
-(va)-.2 G .149(ilable as an option to the).25 F F3(set)2.649 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.649 G(iltin,).2 E F3 .149(set -o posix)2.649 F F0 5.149(.F)C .149
-(or compatibility with other GNU)-5.299 F(softw)72 520.8 Q 4.02(are tha\
-t attempts to be POSIX.2 compliant, Bash also enters POSIX mode if the \
-v)-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F3($POSIXL)72 532.8 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 5.824
-(is set when Bash is started or assigned a v)8.324 F 5.825
-(alue during e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E F3($POSIX_PED)72
-544.8 Q(ANTIC)-.35 E F0 .27
-(is accepted as well, to be compatible with some older GNU utilities.)
-2.77 F .27(When Bash is)5.27 F .506(started in POSIX mode, for e)72
-556.8 R .506(xample, it sources the \214le named by the v)-.15 F .507
-(alue of)-.25 F F3($ENV)3.007 E F0 .507(rather than the \231nor)3.007 F
-(-)-.2 E(mal\232 startup \214les, and does not allo)72 568.8 Q 2.5(wr)
--.25 G(eserv)-2.5 E(ed w)-.15 E(ords to be aliased.)-.1 E F3 2.5(5. New)
-72 592.8 R -.25(Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E(es and Futur)-.18 E 2.5(eP)-.18 G
-(lans)-2.5 E F0 1.632(There are se)97 608.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.632
-(ral features introduced in the current v).15 F 1.631(ersion of Bash, v)
--.15 F 1.631(ersion 1.14, and a number)-.15 F .241
-(under consideration for future releases.)72 620.4 R .242
-(This section will brie\215y detail the ne)5.242 F 2.742(wf)-.25 G .242
-(eatures in v)-2.742 F .242(ersion 1.14 and)-.15 F(describe se)72 632.4
-Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral features that may appear in later v).15 E(ersions.)
--.15 E F3 2.5(5.1. New)72 656.4 R -.25(Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E
-(es in Bash-1.14)-.18 E F0 .884(The ne)97 672 R 3.384(wf)-.25 G .884
-(eatures a)-3.384 F -.25(va)-.2 G .884(ilable in Bash-1.14 answer se).25
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G .883(ral of the most common requests for enhance-).15 F
-2.931(ments. Most)72 684 R(notably)2.931 E 2.931(,t)-.65 G .432(here is\
- a mechanism for including non-visible character sequences in prompts, \
-such)-2.931 F .136
-(as those which cause a terminal to print characters in dif)72 696 R
-.135(ferent colors or in standout mode.)-.25 F .135(There w)5.135 F .135
-(as noth-)-.1 F .558(ing pre)72 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .558
-(nting the use of these sequences in earlier v).15 F .559(ersions, b)
--.15 F .559(ut the readline redisplay algorithm assumed)-.2 F
-(each character occupied ph)72 720 Q(ysical screen space and w)-.05 E
-(ould wrap lines prematurely)-.1 E(.)-.65 E EP
-%%Page: 9 9
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-9-)282.17 48 Q .13(Readline has a fe)97 84 R
-2.63(wn)-.25 G .63 -.25(ew va)-2.63 H .13(riables, se).25 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G .13(ral ne).15 F 2.63(wb)-.25 G .13
-(indable commands, and some additional emacs mode)-2.63 F(def)72 96 Q
-.918(ault k)-.1 F 1.218 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 3.418(indings. A).15 F(ne)3.418
-E 3.418(wh)-.25 G .919(istory search mode has been implemented: in this\
- mode, readline searches)-3.418 F .336(the history for lines be)72 108 R
-.336(ginning with the characters between the be)-.15 F .336
-(ginning of the current line and the cursor)-.15 F(.)-.55 E .555(The e)
-72 120 R .556(xisting readline incremental search commands no longer ma\
-tch identical lines more than once.)-.15 F(File-)5.556 E 1.979
-(name completion no)72 132 R 4.479(we)-.25 G 1.979(xpands v)-4.629 F
-1.979(ariables in directory names.)-.25 F 1.978(The history e)6.978 F
-1.978(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.978(acilities are no)-.1 F(w)-.25 E 1.449
-(nearly completely csh-compatible: missing modi\214ers ha)72 144 R 1.749
--.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.449(een added and history substitution has been).15 F
--.15(ex)72 156 S(tended.).15 E(Se)97 171.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .474
-(ral of the features described earlier).15 F 2.973(,s)-.4 G .473(uch as)
--2.973 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .473(set -o posix)2.973 F F0(and)2.973 E
-F1($POSIX_PED)2.973 E(ANTIC)-.35 E F0 2.973(,a)C .473(re ne)-2.973 F
-2.973(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.973 E -.15(ve)72 183.6 S .106(rsion 1.14.).15 F
-.106(There is a ne)5.106 F 2.606(ws)-.25 G .106(hell v)-2.606 F
-(ariable,)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)2.606 E F0 2.606(,t)C 2.606(ow)-2.606 G .106
-(hich Bash assigns a v)-2.606 F .106(alue that identi\214es the v)-.25 F
-(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E 1.38(sion of)72 195.6 R/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)
-3.88 E F0(it')3.88 E 3.879(sr)-.55 G 1.379(unning on \(great for puttin\
-g architecture-speci\214c binary directories into the)-3.879 F F1($P)
-3.879 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(\).)A -1 -.8(Tw o)72 207.6 T -.25(va)
-6.215 G 2.915(riables ha).25 F 3.215 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 2.915(een renamed:)
-.15 F F1($HISTCONTR)5.416 E(OL)-.3 E F0(replaces)5.416 E F1
-($history_contr)5.416 E(ol)-.18 E F0 5.416(,a)C(nd)-5.416 E F1
-($HOSTFILE)5.416 E F0(replaces)72 219.6 Q F1
-($hostname_completion_\214le)2.521 E F0 5.021(.I)C 2.521(nb)-5.021 G
-.021(oth cases, the old names are accepted for backw)-2.521 F .02
-(ards compatibil-)-.1 F(ity)72 231.6 Q 5.788(.T)-.65 G .788(he ksh)
--5.788 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(select)3.288 E F0 .788
-(construct, which allo)3.288 F .788
-(ws the generation of simple menus, has been implemented.)-.25 F(Ne)
-5.788 E(w)-.25 E 1.496(capabilities ha)72 243.6 R 1.796 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
-1.496(een added to e).15 F 1.495(xisting v)-.15 F(ariables:)-.25 E F1
-($auto_r)3.995 E(esume)-.18 E F0 1.495(can no)3.995 F 3.995(wt)-.25 G
-(ak)-3.995 E 3.995(ev)-.1 G 1.495(alues of)-4.245 F F3 -.2(ex)3.995 G
-(act).2 E F0(or)3.995 E F3(sub-)3.995 E(string)72 255.6 Q F0 4.843(,a)C
-(nd)-4.843 E F1($HISTCONTR)4.843 E(OL)-.3 E F0 2.343(understands the v)
-4.843 F(alue)-.25 E F3(ignor)4.844 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 4.844(,w)C 2.344
-(hich combines the tw)-4.844 F 4.844(op)-.1 G(re)-4.844 E(viously)-.25 E
-1.556(acceptable v)72 267.6 R 4.056(alues. The)-.25 F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0
--.2(bu)4.056 G 1.556(iltin has acquired options to print out speci\214c\
- members of the directory).2 F 3.062(stack. The)72 279.6 R F1($nolinks)
-3.062 E F0 -.25(va)3.062 G .562(riable, which forces a ph).25 F .562
-(ysical vie)-.05 F 3.062(wo)-.25 G 3.062(ft)-3.062 G .563
-(he \214le system, has been superseded by the)-3.062 F F1<ad50>72 291.6
-Q F0 .494(option to the)2.994 F F1(set)2.994 E F0 -.2(bu)2.994 G .494
-(iltin \(equi).2 F -.25(va)-.25 G .494(lent to).25 F F1 .494(set -o ph)
-2.994 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .493(\); the v)B .493
-(ariable is retained for backw)-.25 F .493(ards compati-)-.1 F(bility)72
-303.6 Q 5.196(.T)-.65 G .196(he v)-5.196 F .196
-(ersion string contained in)-.15 F F1($B)2.696 E(ASH_VERSION)-.3 E F0
-(no)2.696 E 2.696(wi)-.25 G .196(ncludes an indication of the patch le)
--2.696 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.696(la).15 G(s)-2.696 E .85(well as the \231b)
-72 315.6 R .85(uild v)-.2 F 3.35(ersion\232. Some)-.15 F .85
-(little-used features ha)3.35 F 1.15 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .85(een remo).15 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.35(d: the).15 F F1(by)3.35 E(e)-.1 E F0(synon)3.35 E
-.85(ym for)-.15 F F1(exit)3.35 E F0(and)3.35 E(the)72 327.6 Q F1($NO_PR)
-3.498 E(OMPT_V)-.3 E(ARS)-1.35 E F0 -.25(va)3.498 G .998
-(riable are gone.).25 F .998(There is no)5.998 F 3.498(wa)-.25 G 3.498
-(no)-3.498 G -2.19 -.18(rg a)-3.498 H .998
-(nized test suite that can be run as a).18 F(re)72 339.6 Q
-(gression test when b)-.15 E(uilding a ne)-.2 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G
-(ersion of Bash.)-2.65 E 1.696(The documentation has been thoroughly o)
-97 355.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.696(rhauled: there is a ne).15 F 4.196(wm)
--.25 G 1.695(anual page on the readline)-4.196 F .467(library and the)72
-367.2 R F3(info)2.967 E F0 .467
-(\214le has been updated to re\215ect the current v)2.967 F 2.968
-(ersion. As)-.15 F(al)2.968 E -.1(wa)-.1 G .468(ys, as man).1 F 2.968
-(yb)-.15 G .468(ugs as possi-)-3.168 F(ble ha)72 379.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b)
--.2 H(een \214x).15 E(ed, although some surely remain.)-.15 E F1 2.5
-(5.2. Other)72 403.2 R -.25(Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E(es)-.18 E F0 1.68
-(There are a fe)97 418.8 R 4.18(wf)-.25 G 1.68
-(eatures that I hope to include in later Bash releases.)-4.18 F 1.68
-(Some are based on w)6.68 F(ork)-.1 E(already done in other shells.)72
-430.8 Q .958(In addition to simple v)97 446.4 R .959(ariables, a future\
- release of Bash will include one-dimensional arrays, using)-.25 F .206
-(the ksh implementation of arrays as a model.)72 458.4 R .205
-(Additions to the ksh syntax, such as)5.205 F F3(varname)2.705 E F0 .205
-(=\( ... \) to assign)B 2.587(al)72 470.4 S .087(ist of w)-2.587 F .088
-(ords directly to an array and a mechanism to allo)-.1 F 2.588(wt)-.25 G
-(he)-2.588 E F1 -.18(re)2.588 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.588 G .088
-(iltin to read a list of v).2 F .088(alues directly)-.25 F .092
-(into an array)72 482.4 R 2.592(,w)-.65 G .092(ould be desirable.)-2.692
-F(Gi)5.092 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.592(nt).15 G .092(hose e)-2.592 F .092
-(xtensions, the ksh)-.15 F F1 .092(set \255A)2.592 F F0 .091
-(syntax may not be w)2.591 F .091(orth support-)-.1 F(ing \(the)72 494.4
-Q F1<ad41>2.5 E F0(option assigns a list of v)2.5 E(alues to an array)
--.25 E 2.5(,b)-.65 G(ut is a rather peculiar special case\).)-2.7 E .76
-(Some shells include a means of)97 510 R F3(pr)3.26 E -.1(og)-.45 G -.15
-(ra).1 G(mmable).15 E F0 -.1(wo)3.26 G .76
-(rd completion, where the user speci\214es on a per).1 F(-)-.2 E .163
-(command basis ho)72 522 R 2.663(wt)-.25 G .163(he ar)-2.663 F .163(gum\
-ents of the command are to be treated when completion is attempted: as \
-\214le-)-.18 F .194(names, hostnames, e)72 534 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .194
-(cutable \214les, and so on.).15 F .195
-(The other aspects of the current Bash implementation could)5.195 F .482
-(remain as-is; the e)72 546 R .482(xisting heuristics w)-.15 F .481
-(ould still be v)-.1 F 2.981(alid. Only)-.25 F .481
-(when completing the ar)2.981 F .481(guments to a simple)-.18 F
-(command w)72 558 Q(ould the programmable completion be in ef)-.1 E
-(fect.)-.25 E .479(It w)97 573.6 R .479(ould also be nice to gi)-.1 F
-.779 -.15(ve t)-.25 H .479(he user \214ner).15 F .479
-(-grained control o)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.98(rw).15 G .48
-(hich commands are sa)-2.98 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.98(do).15 G .48(nto the)
--2.98 F 1.786(history list.)72 585.6 R 1.786(One proposal is for a v)
-6.786 F 1.786(ariable, tentati)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.786(ly named).15
-F F1(HISTIGNORE)4.286 E F0 4.285(,w)C 1.785(hich w)-4.285 F 1.785
-(ould contain a)-.1 F .496(colon-separated list of commands.)72 597.6 R
-.496(Lines be)5.496 F .496
-(ginning with these commands, after the restrictions of)-.15 F F1($HIST)
-2.997 E(-)-.92 E(CONTR)72 609.6 Q(OL)-.3 E F0(ha)2.65 E .45 -.15(ve b)
--.2 H .15(een applied, w).15 F .15
-(ould not be placed onto the history list.)-.1 F .15
-(The shell pattern-matching capa-)5.15 F(bilities could also be a)72
-621.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable when specifying the contents of).25 E F1
-($HISTIGNORE)2.5 E F0(.)A .729(One thing that ne)97 637.2 R .729
-(wer shells such as)-.25 F F1(wksh)3.229 E F0 .729(\(also kno)3.229 F
-.729(wn as)-.25 F F1(dtksh)3.23 E F0 3.23(\)p)C(ro)-3.23 E .73
-(vide is a command to dynami-)-.15 F 1.189
-(cally load code implementing additional b)72 649.2 R 1.189
-(uiltin commands into a running shell.)-.2 F 1.188(This ne)6.188 F 3.688
-(wb)-.25 G 1.188(uiltin w)-3.888 F(ould)-.1 E(tak)72 661.2 Q 2.875(ea)
--.1 G 2.875(no)-2.875 G .375
-(bject \214le or shared library implementing the \231body\232 of the b)
--2.875 F .375(uiltin \()-.2 F F3(xxx_b)A(uiltin\(\))-.2 E F0 .375
-(for those f)2.875 F(amiliar)-.1 E .052
-(with Bash internals\) and a structure containing the name of the ne)72
-673.2 R 2.552(wc)-.25 G .051(ommand, the function to call when the)
--2.552 F(ne)72 685.2 Q 3.458(wb)-.25 G .958(uiltin is in)-3.658 F -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.458(d\().1 G .959
-(presumably de\214ned in the shared object speci\214ed as an ar)-3.458 F
-.959(gument\), and the docu-)-.18 F 1.352
-(mentation to be printed by the)72 697.2 R F1(help)3.851 E F0 1.351
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