Integrate bash 3.2 version

This is merge of current Debian stable (Lenny) version of Bash
with Vyatta changes.

6 files changed, 42 insertions, 3056 deletions

diff --git a/doc/article.ps b/doc/article.ps
deleted file mode 100644
index 3aadf2f..0000000
--- a/doc/article.ps
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1418 +0,0 @@
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-F .49(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.99 E F0 .49(seeds the random)2.99 F
-.055(number generator)72 494.4 R(.)-.55 E F2(REPL)5.055 E(Y)-.92 E F0
-.054(is the def)2.554 F .054(ault v)-.1 F .054(ariable used by the)-.25
-F F2 -.18(re)2.554 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.554 G .054(iltin when no v).2
-F .054(ariable names are sup-)-.25 F .742(plied as ar)72 506.4 R 3.243
-(guments. The)-.18 F F2(typeset)3.243 E F0 -.2(bu)3.243 G .743
-(iltin is used to de\214ne v).2 F .743(ariables and gi)-.25 F 1.043 -.15
-(ve t)-.25 H .743(hem attrib).15 F .743(utes such as)-.2 F F2 -.18(re)
-3.243 G(ad-).18 E(only)72 518.4 Q F0 5.512(.B)C .512
-(ash arithmetic allo)-5.512 F .512(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .511
-(luation of an e).25 F .511
-(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F .511(Shell v)5.511
-F(ari-)-.25 E .222
-(ables may be used as operands, and the result of an e)72 530.4 R .222
-(xpression may be assigned to a v)-.15 F 2.722(ariable. Nearly)-.25 F
-.222(all of)2.722 F(the operators from the C language are a)72 542.4 Q
--.25(va)-.2 G(ilable, with the same precedence rules:).25 E/F3 10
-/Courier@0 SF 6($e)97 560.4 S(cho $\(\(3 + 5 * 32\)\))-6 E(163)97 572.4
-Q F0 -.15(Fo)72 594 S 3.24(ri).15 G(nteracti)-3.24 E 1.04 -.15(ve u)-.25
-H .74(se, Bash implements ksh-style aliases and b).15 F .74
-(uiltins such as)-.2 F F2(fc)3.24 E F0 .74(\(discussed belo)3.24 F .74
-(w\) and)-.25 F F2(jobs)3.24 E F0(.)A .291(Bash aliases allo)72 606 R
-2.791(was)-.25 G .291(tring to be substituted for a command name.)-2.791
-F(The)5.291 E 2.791(yc)-.15 G .291(an be used to create a mnemonic)
--2.791 F .568(for a)72 618 R/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)3.068 E F0 .568
-(command name \()3.068 F F3 .568(alias del=rm)B F0 .568(\), to e)B .567
-(xpand a single w)-.15 F .567(ord to a comple)-.1 F 3.067(xc)-.15 G .567
-(ommand \()-3.067 F F3(alias)A .255
-(news='xterm -g 80x45 -title trn -e trn -e -S1 -N &')72 630 R F0 .255
-(\), or to ensure that a command)B(is in)72 642 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2
-G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith a basic set of options \()-2.5 E F3
-(alias ls="/bin/ls -F")A F0(\).)A .293(The C shell \()97 657.6 R F2(csh)
-A F0 .293(\)\207, originally written by Bill Jo)B 2.792(yw)-.1 G .292
-(hile at Berk)-2.792 F(ele)-.1 E 1.592 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 2.792(sw).65 G
-.292(idely used and quite popular)-2.792 F 1.499(for its interacti)72
-669.6 R 1.799 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 3.999(acilities. Bash).05 F 1.499
-(includes a csh-compatible history e)3.999 F 1.5
-(xpansion mechanism \(\231! history\232\),)-.15 F .019(brace e)72 681.6
-R .018(xpansion, access to a stack of directories via the)-.15 F F2
-(pushd)2.518 E F0(,)A F2(popd)2.518 E F0 2.518(,a)C(nd)-2.518 E F2(dirs)
-2.518 E F0 -.2(bu)2.518 G .018(iltins, and tilde e).2 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
-1.293(to generate users' home directories.)72 693.6 R -.35(Ti)6.294 G
-1.294(lde e).35 F 1.294(xpansion has also been adopted by both the K)
--.15 F 1.294(orn Shell and)-.35 F .32 LW 144 708.2 72 708.2 DL/F5 8
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(\207Morris Bolsk)72 720 Q 2(ya)-.12 G(nd Da)-2 E
-(vid K)-.16 E(orn,)-.28 E/F6 8/Times-Italic@0 SF(The K)2 E
-(ornShell Command and Pr)-.32 E -.08(og)-.36 G -.12(ra).08 G
-(mming Langua).12 E -.08(ge)-.08 G F5 2(,P).08 G(rentice Hall, 1989.)-2
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-3-)282.17 48 Q(POSIX.2.)72 84 Q .148
-(There were certain areas in which POSIX.2 felt standardization w)97
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-.149(xisting imple-)-.15 F 1.598(mentation pro)72 111.6 R 1.598
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--6.598 F 1.597(orking group in)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.597
-(nted and standardized functionality in).15 F .674
-(these areas, which Bash implements.)72 123.6 R(The)5.674 E/F1 10
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-.674(as in)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .674
-(nted so that shell functions could be).15 F .996(written to replace b)
-72 135.6 R .996(uiltins; it mak)-.2 F .996(es the capabilities of the b)
--.1 F .995(uiltin a)-.2 F -.25(va)-.2 G .995(ilable to the function.).25
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-(rd \231!\232 w).1 F 1.731(as added to ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.731
-(te the return v).05 F 1.731(alue of a command or pipeline; it w)-.25 F
-1.732(as nearly impossible to)-.1 F -.15(ex)72 159.6 S .286
-(press \231if not x\232 cleanly using the sh language.).15 F .286
-(There e)5.286 F .286(xist multiple incompatible implementations of the)
--.15 F F1(test)72 171.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.163 G .663
-(iltin, which tests \214les for type and other attrib).2 F .664
-(utes and performs arithmetic and string comparisons.)-.2 F .5
-(POSIX considered none of these correct, so the standard beha)72 183.6 R
-.5(vior w)-.2 F .5(as speci\214ed in terms of the number of)-.1 F(ar)72
-195.6 Q .412(guments to the command.)-.18 F .412(POSIX.2 dictates e)
-5.412 F .412(xactly what will happen when four or fe)-.15 F .412(wer ar)
--.25 F .412(guments are)-.18 F(gi)72 207.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.01(nt).15
-G(o)-5.01 E F1(test)5.01 E F0 5.01(,a)C 2.51(nd lea)-5.01 F -.15(ve)-.2
-G 5.01(st).15 G 2.51(he beha)-5.01 F 2.51(vior unde\214ned when more ar)
--.2 F 2.51(guments are supplied.)-.18 F 2.51(Bash uses the)7.51 F
-(POSIX.2 algorithm, which w)72 219.6 Q(as concei)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
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-(3.1. F)72 243.6 R(eatur)-.25 E(es not in the Bour)-.18 E(ne Shell)-.15
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-(ferences between Bash and the v)-.25 F .719
-(ersion of sh present on most other)-.15 F -.15(ve)72 271.2 S .874
-(rsions of).15 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)3.374 E F0 5.873(.T)C .873
-(he majority of these are due to the POSIX standard, b)-5.873 F .873
-(ut some are the result of Bash)-.2 F .386
-(adopting features from other shells.)72 283.2 R -.15(Fo)5.386 G 2.886
-(ri).15 G .386(nstance, Bash includes the ne)-2.886 F 2.886<7799>-.25 G
-.386(!\232 reserv)-2.886 F .386(ed w)-.15 F .386(ord, the)-.1 F F1
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-(iltin to correctly return a line ending with a backslash, symbolic ar)
-.2 F(guments)-.18 E .798(to the)72 307.2 R F1(umask)3.298 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.298 G .798(iltin, v).2 F .798(ariable substring remo)-.25 F -.25(va)
--.15 G .798(l, a w).25 F .799(ay to get the length of a v)-.1 F .799
-(ariable, and the ne)-.25 F 3.299(wa)-.25 G(lgo-)-3.299 E(rithm for the)
-72 319.2 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin from the POSIX.2 standard, none of which appear in sh.).2 E 1.225
-(Bash also implements the \231$\(...\)\232 command substitution syntax,\
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-346.8 R .351(\231$\(...\)\232 construct e)2.851 F .351(xpands to the ou\
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-(trailing ne)72 358.8 R .664(wlines remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.164
-(d. The).15 F .664(sh syntax is accepted for backw)3.164 F .664
-(ards compatibility)-.1 F 3.164(,b)-.65 G .664
-(ut the \231$\(...\)\232 form is)-3.364 F(preferred because its quoting\
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-(The Bourne shell does not pro)97 386.4 R .772
-(vide such features as brace e)-.15 F .772
-(xpansion, the ability to de\214ne a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E .283
-(and a function with the same name, local v)72 398.4 R .282
-(ariables in shell functions, the ability to enable and disable indi-)
--.25 F .547(vidual b)72 410.4 R .547
-(uiltins or write a function to replace a b)-.2 F .547
-(uiltin, or a means to e)-.2 F .547
-(xport a shell function to a child pro-)-.15 F(cess.)72 422.4 Q .32
-(Bash has closed a long-standing shell security hole by not using the)97
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-(ord)-.1 E 1.254(read by the shell, b)72 450 R 1.254
-(ut splitting only the results of e)-.2 F 1.255
-(xpansion \(ksh and the 4.4 BSD sh ha)-.15 F 1.555 -.15(ve \214)-.2 H
--.15(xe).15 G 3.755(dt).15 G 1.255(his as)-3.755 F 2.907(well\). Useful)
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--.7 G .406(ommand using the)-2.906 F F1 -.18(re)72 474 S(tur).18 E(n)
--.15 E F0 -.2(bu)2.742 G .242(iltin or automatically e).2 F .242
-(xporting v)-.15 F .243(ariables in the shell')-.25 F 2.743(se)-.55 G
--.4(nv)-2.743 G .243(ironment to children is also not present).4 F .969
-(in the Bourne shell.)72 486 R .968(Bash pro)5.968 F .968
-(vides a much more po)-.15 F .968(werful en)-.25 F .968
-(vironment for both interacti)-.4 F 1.268 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .968
-(se and pro-).15 F(gramming.)72 498 Q F1 2.5(4. Bash-speci\214c)72 522 R
--.25(Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E(es)-.18 E F0 .491(This section details a fe)97
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-Q 1.182 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .882(se, b).15 F .882(ut a fe)-.2 F 3.382(wp)
--.25 G .882(rogramming impro)-3.382 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .882
-(ments are present as well.).15 F .882(Full descriptions of these fea-)
-5.882 F(tures can be found in the Bash documentation.)72 561.6 Q F1 2.5
-(4.1. Startup)72 585.6 R(Files)2.5 E F0 .161(Bash e)97 601.2 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .161(cutes startup \214les dif).15 F .161
-(ferently than other shells.)-.25 F .162(The Bash beha)5.161 F .162
-(vior is a compromise between)-.2 F .29
-(the csh principle of startup \214les with \214x)72 613.2 R .29
-(ed names e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .29
-(cuted for each shell and the sh \231minimalist\232 beha).15 F(vior)-.2
-E(.)-.55 E 2.955(An interacti)72 625.2 R 3.255 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.955
-(nstance of Bash started as a login shell reads and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
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-F0 2.956(\(the \214le)5.456 F .954(.bash_pro\214le in the user')72 637.2
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-(xists. An)-.15 F(interacti)3.453 E 1.253 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .953
-(on-login shell reads and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F3
-(~/.bashr)72 649.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 5.641(.A)C(non-interacti)-2.5 E .942
--.15(ve s)-.25 H .642(hell \(one be).15 F .642(gun to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .642(cute a shell script, for e).15 F .642
-(xample\) reads no \214x)-.15 F .642(ed startup)-.15 F .342(\214le, b)72
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-E F1($ENV)2.842 E F0 2.841(,i)C 2.841(fs)-2.841 G .341
-(et, as the name of a startup \214le.)-2.841 F .341
-(The ksh practice of read-)5.341 F(ing)72 673.2 Q F1($ENV)3.114 E F0
-.614(for e)3.114 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .614(ry shell, with the accompan).15 F
-.615(ying dif)-.15 F .615(\214culty of de\214ning the proper v)-.25 F
-.615(ariables and functions)-.25 F .721(for interacti)72 685.2 R 1.021
--.15(ve a)-.25 H .721(nd non-interacti).15 F 1.021 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .721
-(hells or ha).15 F .721(ving the \214le read only for interacti)-.2 F
-1.02 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .72(hells, w).15 F .72(as considered)-.1 F .158
-(too comple)72 697.2 R 2.658(x. Ease)-.15 F .158(of use w)2.658 F .158
-(on out here.)-.1 F(Interestingly)5.158 E 2.658(,t)-.65 G .158(he ne)
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-2.659 E .32 LW 144 705.2 72 705.2 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .559
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-(ntroduction to the C Shell,)-2.559 F/F5 8/Times-Italic@0 SF .558
-(UNIX User')2.558 F 2.558(sS)-.32 G .558(upplementary Documents)-2.558 F
-F4 2.558(,U)C(ni)-2.558 E -.12(ve)-.2 G .558(rsity of California at).12
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--.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.2. New)72 108
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--.2(av e)-3.52 H 1.02(been e)3.72 F 1.02(xtended in Bash.)-.15 F(The)
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--.2(bu)72 135.6 S .824(iltin commands to be turned on and of).2 F 3.324
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-E F0 2.573(,a)C(nd)-2.573 E F1(dirs)2.573 E F0 -.2(bu)2.573 G(iltins.).2
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-(insert and remo)2.573 F .373 -.15(ve d)-.15 H .073(irectories from the)
-.15 F 2.858(stack, respecti)72 195.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.358(,a)
--.65 G(nd)-5.358 E F1(dirs)5.358 E F0 2.858(lists the stack contents.)
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-(ne-grained control of)-5.358 F 1.339(resources, the)72 207.6 R F1
-(ulimit)3.839 E F0 -.2(bu)3.839 G 1.339
-(iltin can be used to tune these settings.).2 F F1(Ulimit)6.34 E F0
-(allo)3.84 E 1.34(ws a user to control, among)-.25 F 1.086
-(other things, whether core dumps are to be generated, ho)72 219.6 R
-3.586(wm)-.25 G 1.086(uch memory the shell or a child process is)-3.586
-F(allo)72 231.6 Q .496(wed to allocate, and ho)-.25 F 2.996(wl)-.25 G
-(ar)-2.996 E .496(ge a \214le created by a child process can gro)-.18 F
-4.296 -.65(w. T)-.25 H(he).65 E F1(suspend)2.996 E F0 .497(command will)
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--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.243(;m).15 G .743(ost other shells do not allo)-3.243 F
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-.218(ord is typed as a)-.1 F(command:)72 267.6 Q F3 6($t)97 285.6 S
-(ype export)-6 E(export is a shell builtin)97 297.6 Q 6($t)97 309.6 S
-(ype -t export)-6 E(builtin)97 321.6 Q 6($t)97 333.6 S(ype bash)-6 E
-(bash is /bin/bash)97 345.6 Q 6($t)97 357.6 S(ype cd)-6 E
-(cd is a function)97 369.6 Q(cd \(\))97 381.6 Q({)97 393.6 Q
-(builtin cd ${1+"$@"} && xtitle $HOST: $PWD)121 405.6 Q(})97 417.6 Q F0
--1.11(Va)72 439.2 S .682(rious modes tell what a command w)1.11 F .681
-(ord is \(reserv)-.1 F .681(ed w)-.15 F .681(ord, alias, function, b)-.1
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-(sion of a command will be e)72 451.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.15
-(cuted based on a user').15 F 3.65(ss)-.55 G 1.15(earch path.)-3.65 F
-1.15(Some of this functionality has been)6.15 F
-(adopted by POSIX.2 and folded into the)72 463.2 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0
-(utility)2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1 2.5(4.3. Editing)72 487.2 R(and Completion)
-2.5 E F0 .682(One area in which Bash shines is command line editing.)97
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-.681(library to read and)3.181 F .942(edit lines when interacti)72 514.8
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.942(.R).15 G .942(eadline is a po)-5.942 F .942
-(werful and \215e)-.25 F .942(xible input f)-.15 F .943
-(acility that a user can con\214gure to)-.1 F(indi)72 526.8 Q .732
-(vidual tastes.)-.25 F .732(It allo)5.732 F .732(ws lines to be edited \
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-(are appropriate.)72 538.8 R .2
-(The full capability of emacs is not present \255 there is no w)5.2 F .2
-(ay to e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cute a named command).15 F 1.15
-(with M-x, for instance \255 b)72 550.8 R 1.15(ut the e)-.2 F 1.149
-(xisting commands are more than adequate.)-.15 F 1.149
-(The vi mode is compliant)6.149 F
-(with the command line editing standardized by POSIX.2.)72 562.8 Q 1.69
-(Readline is fully customizable.)97 578.4 R 1.691
-(In addition to the basic commands and k)6.69 F 1.991 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-1.691(indings, the library).15 F(allo)72 590.4 Q .028
-(ws users to de\214ne additional k)-.25 F .327 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .027
-(indings using a startup \214le.).15 F(The)5.027 E F2(inputr)2.527 E(c)
--.37 E F0 .027(\214le, which def)2.527 F .027(aults to the \214le)-.1 F
-F2(~/.inputr)72 602.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 3.002(,i)C 3.002(sr)-3.002 G .503(e\
-ad each time readline initializes, permitting users to maintain a consi\
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-.892(ace, so each program using the library can add its)-.1 F -.25(ow)72
-626.4 S 3.56(nb).25 G 1.06(indable commands and program-speci\214c k)
--3.56 F 1.361 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 3.561(indings. Bash).15 F 1.061
-(uses this f)3.561 F 1.061(acility to add bindings that)-.1 F
-(perform history e)72 638.4 Q(xpansion or shell w)-.15 E(ord e)-.1 E
-(xpansions on the current input line.)-.15 E .707
-(Readline interprets a number of v)97 654 R .706
-(ariables which further tune its beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.706(.V)-.55 G
-.706(ariables e)-6.816 F .706(xist to control)-.15 F .157
-(whether or not eight-bit characters are directly read as input or con)
-72 666 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .158(rted to meta-pre\214x).15 F .158(ed k)-.15 F
-.458 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .158(equences \(a).15 F(meta-pre\214x)72 678 Q .082
-(ed k)-.15 F .382 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .081(equence consists of the characte\
-r with the eighth bit zeroed, preceded by the).15 F F2(meta-pr)2.581 E
-(e\214x)-.37 E F0(character)72 690 Q 3.233(,u)-.4 G .733
-(sually escape, which selects an alternate k)-3.233 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .734
-(map\), to decide whether to output characters with).15 F .624
-(the eighth bit set directly or as a meta-pre\214x)72 702 R .624(ed k)
--.15 F .924 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .623
-(equence, whether or not to wrap to a ne).15 F 3.123(ws)-.25 G .623
-(creen line)-3.123 F 1.196
-(when a line being edited is longer than the screen width, the k)72 714
-R -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.196(map to which subsequent k).15 F 1.496 -.15(ey b)
--.1 H(indings).15 E .531(should apply)72 726 R 3.031(,o)-.65 G 3.031(re)
--3.031 G -.15(ve)-3.281 G 3.031(nw).15 G .531
-(hat happens when readline w)-3.031 F .531(ants to ring the terminal')
--.1 F 3.03(sb)-.55 G 3.03(ell. All)-3.03 F .53(of these v)3.03 F
-(ariables)-.25 E EP
-%%Page: 5 5
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-5-)282.17 48 Q
-(can be set in the inputrc \214le.)72 84 Q .284
-(The startup \214le understands a set of C preprocessor)97 99.6 R(-lik)
--.2 E 2.785(ec)-.1 G .285(onditional constructs which allo)-2.785 F
-2.785(wv)-.25 G(ariables)-3.035 E .12(or k)72 111.6 R .42 -.15(ey b)-.1
-H .119(indings to be assigned based on the application using readline, \
-the terminal currently being used, or).15 F .338(the editing mode.)72
-123.6 R .338(Users can add program-speci\214c bindings to mak)5.338 F
-2.838(et)-.1 G .338(heir li)-2.838 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.838(se).15 G 2.838
-(asier: I)-2.838 F(ha)2.838 E .639 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .339(indings that).15
-F(let me edit the v)72 135.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($P)
-2.5 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(and double-quote the current or pre)2.5
-E(vious w)-.25 E(ord:)-.1 E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF 6(#M)97 153.6 S
-(acros that are convenient for shell interaction)-6 E($if Bash)97 165.6
-Q 6(#e)97 177.6 S(dit the path)-6 E
-("\\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\\e\\C-e\\C-a\\ef\\C-f")97 189.6 Q 6(#p)97 201.6
-S(repare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double)-6 E 6
-(#q)97 213.6 S(uotes and move to just after the open quote)-6 E
-("\\C-x\\"": "\\"\\"\\C-b")97 225.6 Q 6(#Q)97 237.6 S
-(uote the current or previous word)-6 E("\\C-xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")97
-249.6 Q($endif)97 261.6 Q F0 .322(There is a readline command to re-rea\
-d the \214le, so users can edit the \214le, change some bindings, and b\
-e)72 283.2 R(gin)-.15 E(to use them almost immediately)72 295.2 Q(.)-.65
-E .851(Bash implements the)97 310.8 R F1(bind)3.351 E F0 -.2(bu)3.351 G
-.851(iltin for more dyamic control of readline than the startup \214le \
-permits.).2 F F1(Bind)72 322.8 Q F0 .25(is used in se)2.75 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G .25(ral w).15 F 2.75(ays. In)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list)
-2.75 E F0 .25(mode, it can display the current k)2.75 F .55 -.15(ey b)
--.1 H .25(indings, list all the readline edit-).15 F .149(ing directi)72
-334.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.649(sa).15 G -.25(va)-2.849 G .149
-(ilable for binding, list which k).25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.649(si).15 G
--1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.649 H .349 -.1(ke a g).4 H -2.15 -.25(iv e).1 H 2.65
-(nd).25 G(irecti)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.65(,o).15 G 2.65(ro)-2.65 G
-.15(utput the current set of k)-2.65 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .042(bindings in a\
- format that can be incorporated directly into an inputrc \214le.)72
-346.8 R(In)5.041 E F3(batc)2.541 E(h)-.15 E F0 .041
-(mode, it reads a series of)2.541 F -.1(ke)72 358.8 S 2.858(yb)-.05 G
-.359(indings directly from a \214le and passes them to readline.)-2.858
-F .359(In its most common usage,)5.359 F F1(bind)2.859 E F0(tak)2.859 E
-.359(es a sin-)-.1 F 1.117(gle string and passes it directly to readlin\
-e, which interprets the line as if it had just been read from the)72
-370.8 R(inputrc \214le.)72 382.8 Q(Both k)5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-(indings and v).15 E(ariable assignments may appear in the string gi)
--.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nt).15 G(o)-2.5 E F1(bind)2.5 E F0(.)A .53
-(The readline library also pro)97 398.4 R .53(vides an interf)-.15 F .53
-(ace for)-.1 F F3(wor)3.03 E 3.03(dc)-.37 G(ompletion)-3.03 E F0 5.53
-(.W)C .53(hen the)-5.53 F F3(completion)3.03 E F0(character)3.03 E 1.261
-(\(usually T)72 410.4 R 1.261(AB\) is typed, readline looks at the w)
--.93 F 1.26(ord currently being entered and computes the set of \214le-)
--.1 F .523(names of which the current w)72 422.4 R .523(ord is a v)-.1 F
-.523(alid pre\214x.)-.25 F .524
-(If there is only one possible completion, the rest of the)5.523 F .358
-(characters are inserted directly)72 434.4 R 2.858(,o)-.65 G .358(therw\
-ise the common pre\214x of the set of \214lenames is added to the curre\
-nt)-2.858 F -.1(wo)72 446.4 S 3.199(rd. A).1 F .699(second T)3.199 F
-.699(AB character entered immediately after a non-unique completion cau\
-ses readline to list)-.93 F 1.814
-(the possible completions; there is an option to ha)72 458.4 R 2.113
--.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.813(he list displayed immediately).15 F 6.813(.R)-.65
-G 1.813(eadline pro)-6.813 F(vides)-.15 E .482
-(hooks so that applications can pro)72 470.4 R .482
-(vide speci\214c types of completion before the def)-.15 F .483
-(ault \214lename completion)-.1 F .132(is attempted.)72 482.4 R .132
-(This is quite \215e)5.132 F .132
-(xible, though it is not completely user)-.15 F 2.632
-(-programmable. Bash,)-.2 F .132(for e)2.632 F .132(xample, can)-.15 F
-.37(complete \214lenames, command names \(including aliases, b)72 494.4
-R .37(uiltins, shell reserv)-.2 F .37(ed w)-.15 F .37
-(ords, shell functions, and)-.1 F -.15(exe)72 506.4 S .424
-(cutables found in the \214le system\), shell v).15 F .424
-(ariables, usernames, and hostnames.)-.25 F .423
-(It uses a set of heuristics)5.424 F(that, while not perfect, is genera\
-lly quite good at determining what type of completion to attempt.)72
-518.4 Q F1 2.5(4.4. History)72 542.4 R F0 .144
-(Access to the list of commands pre)97 558 R .144(viously entered \(the)
--.25 F F3 .144(command history)2.644 F F0 2.644(\)i)C 2.644(sp)-2.644 G
-(ro)-2.644 E .144(vided jointly by Bash)-.15 F .078
-(and the readline library)72 570 R 5.077(.B)-.65 G .077(ash pro)-5.077 F
-.077(vides v)-.15 F .077(ariables \()-.25 F F1($HISTFILE)A F0(,)A F1
-($HISTSIZE)2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1($HISTCONTR)2.577 E(OL)
--.3 E F0 2.577(\)a)C(nd)-2.577 E(the)72 582 Q F1(history)2.89 E F0(and)
-2.89 E F1(fc)2.89 E F0 -.2(bu)2.89 G .39
-(iltins to manipulate the history list.).2 F .391(The v)5.391 F .391
-(alue of)-.25 F F1($HISTFILE)2.891 E F0 .391(specifes the \214le where)
-2.891 F .49(Bash writes the command history on e)72 594 R .489
-(xit and reads it on startup.)-.15 F F1($HISTSIZE)5.489 E F0 .489
-(is used to limit the number)2.989 F .642(of commands sa)72 606 R -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 3.142(di).15 G 3.142(nt)-3.142 G .642(he history)-3.142 F(.)
--.65 E F1($HISTCONTR)5.642 E(OL)-.3 E F0(pro)3.142 E .642
-(vides a crude form of control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.142(rw).15 G
-.642(hich com-)-3.142 F .025(mands are sa)72 618 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.525
-(do).15 G 2.525(nt)-2.525 G .025(he history list: a v)-2.525 F .025
-(alue of)-.25 F F3(ignor)2.525 E(espace)-.37 E F0 .025(means to not sa)
-2.525 F .324 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .024(ommands which be).15 F .024
-(gin with a)-.15 F .927(space; a v)72 630 R .927(alue of)-.25 F F3
-(ignor)3.427 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .927(means to not sa)3.427 F 1.228 -.15
-(ve c)-.2 H .928(ommands identical to the last command sa).15 F -.15(ve)
--.2 G(d.).15 E F1($HIST)5.928 E(-)-.92 E(CONTR)72 642 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 -.1
-(wa)3.778 G 3.778(sn).1 G(amed)-3.778 E F1($history_contr)3.778 E(ol)
--.18 E F0 1.278(in earlier v)3.778 F 1.278
-(ersions of Bash; the old name is still accepted for)-.15 F(backw)72 654
-Q .575(ards compatibility)-.1 F 5.575(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.575 E F1(history)
-3.075 E F0 .575
-(command can read or write \214les containing the history list and dis-)
-3.075 F .167(play the current list contents.)72 666 R(The)5.167 E F1(fc)
-2.667 E F0 -.2(bu)2.667 G .167(iltin, adopted from POSIX.2 and the K).2
-F .167(orn Shell, allo)-.35 F .167(ws display and)-.25 F(re-e)72 678 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G .58
-(cution, with optional editing, of commands from the history list.).15 F
-.58(The readline library of)5.58 F .58(fers a set of)-.25 F 1.255(comma\
-nds to search the history list for a portion of the current input line \
-or a string typed by the user)72 690 R(.)-.55 E(Finally)72 702 Q 2.535
-(,t)-.65 G(he)-2.535 E F3(history)2.535 E F0(library)2.535 E 2.535(,g)
--.65 G .036(enerally incorporated directly into the readline library)
--2.535 F 2.536(,i)-.65 G .036(mplements a f)-2.536 F .036(acility for)
--.1 F 1.023(history recall, e)72 714 R 1.022(xpansion, and re-e)-.15 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 1.022(cution of pre).15 F 1.022(vious commands v)-.25 F
-1.022(ery similar to csh \(\231bang history\232, so)-.15 F
-(called because the e)72 726 Q
-(xclamation point introduces a history substitution\):)-.15 E EP
-%%Page: 6 6
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-6-)282.17 48 Q/F1 10/Courier@0 SF 6($e)97 84 S
-(cho a b c d e)-6 E 6(abcde)97 96 S 6($!)97 108 S 6(!fghi)-6 G
-(echo a b c d e f g h i)97 120 Q 6(abcdefghi)97 132 S 6($!)97 144 S(-2)
--6 E(echo a b c d e)97 156 Q 6(abcde)97 168 S 6($e)97 180 S(cho !-2:1-4)
--6 E(echo a b c d)97 192 Q 6(abcd)97 204 S F0 1.456
-(The command history is only sa)72 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.957(dw).15 G
-1.457(hen the shell is interacti)-3.957 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.957(,s).15 G
-3.957(oi)-3.957 G 3.957(ti)-3.957 G 3.957(sn)-3.957 G 1.457(ot a)-3.957
-F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.457(ilable for use by shell).25 F(scripts.)72 237.6 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.5. New)72 261.6 R(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)
--.92 E F0 .59(There are a number of con)97 277.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .589
-(nience v).15 F .589(ariables that Bash interprets to mak)-.25 F 3.089
-(el)-.1 G .589(ife easier)-3.089 F 5.589(.T)-.55 G .589(hese include)
--5.589 F F2(FIGNORE)72 289.2 Q F0 3.973(,w)C 1.473
-(hich is a set of \214lename suf)-3.973 F<8c78>-.25 E 1.474
-(es identifying \214les to e)-.15 F 1.474
-(xclude when completing \214lenames;)-.15 F F2(HOSTTYPE)72 301.2 Q F0
-2.932(,w)C .432
-(hich is automatically set to a string describing the type of hardw)
--2.932 F .431(are on which Bash is cur)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .335(rently e)72
-313.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting;).15 E F2(command_oriented_history)2.835 E
-F0 2.835(,w)C .335(hich directs Bash to sa)-2.835 F .635 -.15(ve a)-.2 H
-.336(ll lines of a multiple-line com-).15 F 1.071(mand such as a)72
-325.2 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(while)3.571 E F0(or)3.571 E F3(for)3.571
-E F0 1.071(loop in a single history entry)3.571 F 3.57(,a)-.65 G(llo)
--3.57 E 1.07(wing easy re-editing; and)-.25 F F2(IGNOREEOF)3.57 E F0(,)A
-.747(whose v)72 337.2 R .747(alue indicates the number of consecuti)-.25
-F 1.047 -.15(ve E)-.25 H .747(OF characters that an interacti).15 F
-1.048 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .748(hell will read before).15 F -.15(ex)72 349.2
-S 1.432(iting \255 an easy w).15 F 1.432(ay to k)-.1 F 1.432
-(eep yourself from being logged out accidentally)-.1 F 6.432(.T)-.65 G
-(he)-6.432 E F2(auto_r)3.932 E(esume)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)3.932 G(riable)
-.25 E .571(alters the w)72 361.2 R .571
-(ay the shell treats simple command names: if job control is acti)-.1 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.071(,a).15 G .571(nd this v)-3.071 F .571
-(ariable is set, sin-)-.25 F(gle-w)72 373.2 Q .239(ord simple commands \
-without redirections cause the shell to \214rst look for and restart a \
-suspended job)-.1 F(with that name before starting a ne)72 385.2 Q 2.5
-(wp)-.25 G(rocess.)-2.5 E F2 2.5(4.6. Brace)72 409.2 R(Expansion)2.5 E
-F0 .653(Since sh of)97 424.8 R .653(fers no con)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G
-.653(nient w).15 F .653
-(ay to generate arbitrary strings that share a common pre\214x or suf)
--.1 F<8c78>-.25 E 2.124(\(\214lename e)72 436.8 R 2.124
-(xpansion requires that the \214lenames e)-.15 F 2.123
-(xist\), Bash implements)-.15 F F3(br)4.623 E 2.123(ace e)-.15 F
-(xpansion)-.2 E F0 4.623(,ac)C(apability)-4.623 E(pick)72 448.8 Q .773
-(ed up from csh.)-.1 F .774(Brace e)5.773 F .774
-(xpansion is similar to \214lename e)-.15 F .774(xpansion, b)-.15 F .774
-(ut the strings generated need not)-.2 F 1.211(correspond to e)72 460.8
-R 1.211(xisting \214les.)-.15 F 3.711(Ab)6.211 G 1.211(race e)-3.711 F
-1.211(xpression consists of an optional)-.15 F F3(pr)3.71 E(eamble)-.37
-E F0 3.71(,f)C(ollo)-3.71 E 1.21(wed by a pair of)-.25 F 2.938
-(braces enclosing a series of comma-separated strings, and an optional)
-72 472.8 R F3(postamble)5.438 E F0 7.938(.T)C 2.938(he preamble is)
--7.938 F(prepended to each string within the braces, and the postamble \
-is then appended to each resulting string:)72 484.8 Q F1 6($e)97 502.8 S
-(cho a{d,c,b}e)-6 E(ade ace abe)97 514.8 Q F0 .306(As this e)72 536.4 R
-.306(xample demonstrates, the results of brace e)-.15 F .305
-(xpansion are not sorted, as the)-.15 F 2.805(ya)-.15 G .305
-(re by \214lename e)-2.805 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)72 548.4 Q F2 2.5
-(4.7. Pr)72 572.4 R(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F0 .457
-(On systems that can support it, Bash pro)97 588 R .457(vides a f)-.15 F
-.457(acility kno)-.1 F .458(wn as)-.25 F F3(pr)2.958 E .458
-(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.458(.P)C .458(rocess sub-)-5.458 F .347
-(stitution is similar to command substitution in that its speci\214cati\
-on includes a command to e)72 600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .346(cute, b).15 F
-.346(ut the)-.2 F .181(shell does not collect the command')72 612 R
-2.681(so)-.55 G .181(utput and insert it into the command line.)-2.681 F
-(Rather)5.181 E 2.681(,B)-.4 G .182(ash opens a pipe)-2.681 F 1.861
-(to the command, which is run in the background.)72 624 R 1.861
-(The shell uses named pipes \(FIFOs\) or the)6.861 F F3(/de)4.361 E
-(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .961(method of naming open \214les to e)72 636 R .962(x\
-pand the process substitution to a \214lename which connects to the pip\
-e)-.15 F .104(when opened.)72 648 R .103
-(This \214lename becomes the result of the e)5.104 F 2.603
-(xpansion. Process)-.15 F .103(substitution can be used to com-)2.603 F
-(pare the outputs of tw)72 660 Q 2.5(od)-.1 G(if)-2.5 E(ferent v)-.25 E
-(ersions of an application as part of a re)-.15 E(gression test:)-.15 E
-F1 6($c)97 678 S(mp <\(old_prog\) <\(new_prog\))-6 E EP
-%%Page: 7 7
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-7-)282.17 48 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5
-(4.8. Pr)72 84 R(ompt Customization)-.18 E F0 2.229
-(One of the more popular interacti)97 99.6 R 2.529 -.15(ve f)-.25 H
-2.229(eatures that Bash pro).15 F 2.23
-(vides is the ability to customize the)-.15 F 3.234(prompt. Both)72
-111.6 R F1($PS1)3.234 E F0(and)3.234 E F1($PS2,)3.234 E F0 .734
-(the primary and secondary prompts, are e)3.234 F .733
-(xpanded before being displayed.)-.15 F -.15(Pa)72 123.6 S .804
-(rameter and v).15 F .804(ariable e)-.25 F .805
-(xpansion is performed when the prompt string is e)-.15 F .805
-(xpanded, so an)-.15 F 3.305(ys)-.15 G .805(hell v)-3.305 F(ariable)-.25
-E .729(can be put into the prompt \(e.g.,)72 135.6 R F1($SHL)3.228 E(VL)
--.92 E F0 3.228(,w)C .728(hich indicates ho)-3.228 F 3.228(wd)-.25 G
-.728(eeply the current shell is nested\).)-3.228 F(Bash)5.728 E 1.895(s\
-pecially interprets characters in the prompt string preceded by a backs\
-lash.)72 147.6 R 1.895(Some of these backslash)6.895 F .874
-(escapes are replaced with the current time, the date, the current w)72
-159.6 R .874(orking directory)-.1 F 3.373(,t)-.65 G .873
-(he username, and the)-3.373 F .78
-(command number or history number of the command being entered.)72 171.6
-R .781(There is e)5.781 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.281(nab).15 G .781
-(ackslash escape to)-3.281 F .007
-(cause the shell to change its prompt when running as root after an)72
-183.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(su)2.507 E F0 5.007(.B)C .007
-(efore printing each primary prompt,)-5.007 F .305(Bash e)72 195.6 R
-.305(xpands the v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1($PR)2.805 E(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3
-E F0 .305(and, if it has a v)2.805 F .306(alue, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.306(cutes the e).15 F .306(xpanded v)-.15 F .306(alue as)-.25 F 3.735
-(ac)72 207.6 S 1.235(ommand, allo)-3.735 F 1.234
-(wing additional prompt customization.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)6.234 G 3.734(re)
-.15 G 1.234(xample, this assignment causes the current)-3.884 F(user)72
-219.6 Q 2.917(,t)-.4 G .417
-(he current host, the time, the last component of the current w)-2.917 F
-.417(orking directory)-.1 F 2.917(,t)-.65 G .418(he le)-2.917 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.918(lo).15 G 2.918(fs)-2.918 G .418(hell nest-)-2.918 F(ing, a\
-nd the history number of the current command to be embedded into the pr\
-imary prompt:)72 231.6 Q/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6($P)97 249.6 S
-(S1='\\u@\\h [\\t] \\W\($SHLVL:\\!\)\\$ ')-6 E
-(chet@odin [21:03:44] documentation\(2:636\)$ cd ..)97 261.6 Q
-(chet@odin [21:03:54] src\(2:637\)$)97 273.6 Q F0 .146(The string being\
- assigned is surrounded by single quotes so that if it is e)72 295.2 R
-.146(xported, the v)-.15 F .146(alue of)-.25 F F1($SHL)2.646 E(VL)-.92 E
-F0(will)2.646 E(be updated by a child shell:)72 307.2 Q F3
-(chet@odin [21:17:35] src\(2:638\)$ export PS1)97 325.2 Q
-(chet@odin [21:17:40] src\(2:639\)$ bash)97 337.2 Q
-(chet@odin [21:17:46] src\(3:696\)$)97 349.2 Q F0
-(The \\$ escape is displayed as \231)72 370.8 Q F1($)A F0 2.5<9a77>C
-(hen running as a normal user)-2.5 E 2.5(,b)-.4 G(ut as \231)-2.7 E F1
-(#)A F0 2.5<9a77>C(hen running as root.)-2.5 E F1 2.5(4.9. File)72 394.8
-R(System V)2.5 E(iews)-.37 E F0 .029(Since Berk)97 410.4 R(ele)-.1 E
-2.529(yi)-.15 G .029
-(ntroduced symbolic links in 4.2 BSD, one of their most anno)-2.529 F
-.03(ying properties has been)-.1 F .764(the \231w)72 422.4 R .764
-(arping\232 to a completely dif)-.1 F .764
-(ferent area of the \214le system when using)-.25 F F1(cd)3.263 E F0
-3.263(,a)C .763(nd the resultant non-intu-)-3.263 F(iti)72 434.4 Q .704
--.15(ve b)-.25 H(eha).15 E .405(vior of \231)-.2 F F1 .405(cd ..)B F0
-2.905(\232. The)B/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.905 E F0 -.1(ke)2.905 G
-.405(rnel treats symbolic links).1 F F2(physically)2.905 E F0 5.405(.W)C
-.405(hen the k)-5.405 F .405(ernel is translating)-.1 F 3.223(ap)72
-446.4 S .723(athname in which one component is a symbolic link, it repl\
-aces all or part of the pathname while pro-)-3.223 F .668
-(cessing the link.)72 458.4 R .668
-(If the contents of the symbolic link be)5.668 F .669
-(gin with a slash, the k)-.15 F .669(ernel replaces the pathname)-.1 F
-.219(entirely; if not, the link contents replace the current component.)
-72 470.4 R .219(In either case, the symbolic link is visible.)5.219 F
-.058(If the link v)72 482.4 R .058(alue is an absolute pathname, the us\
-er \214nds himself in a completely dif)-.25 F .059
-(ferent part of the \214le sys-)-.25 F(tem.)72 494.4 Q .704(Bash pro)97
-510 R .704(vides a)-.15 F F2(lo)3.203 E(gical)-.1 E F0(vie)3.203 E 3.203
-(wo)-.25 G 3.203(ft)-3.203 G .703(he \214le system.)-3.203 F .703
-(In this def)5.703 F .703(ault mode, command and \214lename com-)-.1 F
-.522(pletion and b)72 522 R .522(uiltin commands such as)-.2 F F1(cd)
-3.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1(pushd)3.022 E F0 .522
-(which change the current w)3.022 F .522(orking directory transpar)-.1 F
-(-)-.2 E .127(ently follo)72 534 R 2.627(ws)-.25 G .127
-(ymbolic links as if the)-2.627 F 2.627(yw)-.15 G .127(ere directories.)
--2.627 F(The)5.126 E F1($PWD)2.626 E F0 -.25(va)2.626 G .126
-(riable, which holds the shell').25 F 2.626(si)-.55 G .126(dea of)-2.626
-F .366(the current w)72 546 R .366(orking directory)-.1 F 2.866(,d)-.65
-G .367
-(epends on the path used to reach the directory rather than its ph)
--2.866 F .367(ysical loca-)-.05 F
-(tion in the local \214le system hierarch)72 558 Q 3.8 -.65(y. F)-.05 H
-(or e).5 E(xample:)-.15 E F3 6($c)97 576 S 6(d/)-6 G(usr/local/bin)-6 E
-6($e)97 588 S(cho $PWD)-6 E(/usr/local/bin)97 600 Q 6($p)97 612 S(wd)-6
-E(/usr/local/bin)97 624 Q 6($/)97 636 S(bin/pwd)-6 E
-(/net/share/sun4/local/bin)97 648 Q 6($c)97 660 S 6(d.)-6 G(.)-6 E 6($p)
-97 672 S(wd)-6 E(/usr/local)97 684 Q 6($/)97 696 S(bin/pwd)-6 E
-(/net/share/sun4/local)97 708 Q 6($c)97 720 S 6(d.)-6 G(.)-6 E EP
-%%Page: 8 8
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-8-)282.17 48 Q/F1 10/Courier@0 SF 6($p)97 84 S
-(wd)-6 E(/usr)97 96 Q 6($/)97 108 S(bin/pwd)-6 E(/usr)97 120 Q F0 .3(On\
-e problem with this, of course, arises when programs that do not unders\
-tand the shell')72 141.6 R 2.8(sl)-.55 G .3(ogical notion of)-2.8 F .217
-(the \214le system interpret \231..)72 153.6 R 2.718<9a64>-.7 G(if)
--2.718 E(ferently)-.25 E 5.218(.T)-.65 G .218
-(his generally happens when Bash completes \214lenames containing)-5.218
-F(\231..)72 165.6 Q 3.384<9a61>-.7 G .884
-(ccording to a logical hierarch)-3.384 F 3.384(yw)-.05 G .884
-(hich does not correspond to their ph)-3.384 F .883(ysical location.)
--.05 F -.15(Fo)5.883 G 3.383(ru).15 G .883(sers who)-3.383 F
-(\214nd this troublesome, a corresponding)72 177.6 Q/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(physical)2.5 E F0(vie)2.5 E 2.5(wo)-.25 G 2.5(ft)-2.5
-G(he \214le system is a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1 6($c)97
-195.6 S 6(d/)-6 G(usr/local/bin)-6 E 6($p)97 207.6 S(wd)-6 E
-(/usr/local/bin)97 219.6 Q 6($s)97 231.6 S(et -o physical)-6 E 6($p)97
-243.6 S(wd)-6 E(/net/share/sun4/local/bin)97 255.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF 2.5(4.10. Inter)72 285.6 R(nationalization)-.15 E F0 .145
-(One of the most signi\214cant impro)97 301.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .145
-(ments in v).15 F .145(ersion 1.13 of Bash w)-.15 F .145
-(as the change to \231eight-bit clean-)-.1 F 2.933(liness\232. Pre)72
-313.2 R .433(vious v)-.25 F .432
-(ersions used the eighth bit of characters to mark whether or not the)
--.15 F 2.932(yw)-.15 G .432(ere quoted when)-2.932 F 1.495(performing w)
-72 325.2 R 1.495(ord e)-.1 F 3.995(xpansions. While)-.15 F 1.495
-(this did not af)3.995 F 1.496
-(fect the majority of users, most of whom used only)-.25 F(se)72 337.2 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 1.236(n-bit ASCII characters, some found it con\214ning.)
-.15 F(Be)6.236 E 1.236(ginning with v)-.15 F 1.236
-(ersion 1.13, Bash implemented a)-.15 F(dif)72 349.2 Q .02(ferent quoti\
-ng mechanism that did not alter the eighth bit of characters.)-.25 F
-.021(This allo)5.021 F .021(wed Bash to manipulate)-.25 F .427
-(\214les with \231odd\232 characters in their names, b)72 361.2 R .427
-(ut did nothing to help users enter those names, so v)-.2 F .426
-(ersion 1.13)-.15 F 1.458
-(introduced changes to readline that made it eight-bit clean as well.)72
-373.2 R 1.458(Options e)6.458 F 1.458(xist that force readline to)-.15 F
-.744(attach no special signi\214cance to characters with the eighth bit\
- set \(the def)72 385.2 R .744(ault beha)-.1 F .744(vior is to con)-.2 F
--.15(ve)-.4 G .744(rt these).15 F .641(characters to meta-pre\214x)72
-397.2 R .641(ed k)-.15 F .941 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .642
-(equences\) and to output these characters without con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4
-G .642(rsion to meta-pre-).15 F<8c78>72 409.2 Q .008(ed sequences.)-.15
-F .007(These changes, along with the e)5.007 F .007(xpansion of k)-.15 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G .007(maps to a full eight bits, enable readline to).15 F
--.1(wo)72 421.2 S(rk with most of the ISO-8859 f).1 E
-(amily of character sets, used by man)-.1 E 2.5(yE)-.15 G
-(uropean countries.)-2.5 E F3 2.5(4.11. POSIX)72 445.2 R(Mode)2.5 E F0
-.584(Although Bash is intended to be POSIX.2 conformant, there are area\
-s in which the def)97 460.8 R .584(ault beha)-.1 F(vior)-.2 E .463
-(is not compatible with the standard.)72 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.463 G 2.962
-(ru).15 G .462(sers who wish to operate in a strict POSIX.2 en)-2.962 F
-.462(vironment, Bash)-.4 F .505(implements a)72 484.8 R F2 .505
-(POSIX mode)3.005 F F0 5.505(.W)C .505(hen this mode is acti)-5.505 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.005(,B).15 G .505(ash modi\214es its def)-3.005 F .505
-(ault operation where it dif)-.1 F(fers)-.25 E .267
-(from POSIX.2 to match the standard.)72 496.8 R .266
-(POSIX mode is entered when Bash is started with the)5.267 F F3(-posix)
-2.766 E F0(option.)2.766 E .149(This feature is also a)72 508.8 R -.25
-(va)-.2 G .149(ilable as an option to the).25 F F3(set)2.649 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.649 G(iltin,).2 E F3 .149(set -o posix)2.649 F F0 5.149(.F)C .149
-(or compatibility with other GNU)-5.299 F(softw)72 520.8 Q 4.02(are tha\
-t attempts to be POSIX.2 compliant, Bash also enters POSIX mode if the \
-v)-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F3($POSIXL)72 532.8 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 5.824
-(is set when Bash is started or assigned a v)8.324 F 5.825
-(alue during e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E F3($POSIX_PED)72
-544.8 Q(ANTIC)-.35 E F0 .27
-(is accepted as well, to be compatible with some older GNU utilities.)
-2.77 F .27(When Bash is)5.27 F .506(started in POSIX mode, for e)72
-556.8 R .506(xample, it sources the \214le named by the v)-.15 F .507
-(alue of)-.25 F F3($ENV)3.007 E F0 .507(rather than the \231nor)3.007 F
-(-)-.2 E(mal\232 startup \214les, and does not allo)72 568.8 Q 2.5(wr)
--.25 G(eserv)-2.5 E(ed w)-.15 E(ords to be aliased.)-.1 E F3 2.5(5. New)
-72 592.8 R -.25(Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E(es and Futur)-.18 E 2.5(eP)-.18 G
-(lans)-2.5 E F0 1.632(There are se)97 608.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.632
-(ral features introduced in the current v).15 F 1.631(ersion of Bash, v)
--.15 F 1.631(ersion 1.14, and a number)-.15 F .241
-(under consideration for future releases.)72 620.4 R .242
-(This section will brie\215y detail the ne)5.242 F 2.742(wf)-.25 G .242
-(eatures in v)-2.742 F .242(ersion 1.14 and)-.15 F(describe se)72 632.4
-Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral features that may appear in later v).15 E(ersions.)
--.15 E F3 2.5(5.1. New)72 656.4 R -.25(Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E
-(es in Bash-1.14)-.18 E F0 .884(The ne)97 672 R 3.384(wf)-.25 G .884
-(eatures a)-3.384 F -.25(va)-.2 G .884(ilable in Bash-1.14 answer se).25
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G .883(ral of the most common requests for enhance-).15 F
-2.931(ments. Most)72 684 R(notably)2.931 E 2.931(,t)-.65 G .432(here is\
- a mechanism for including non-visible character sequences in prompts, \
-such)-2.931 F .136
-(as those which cause a terminal to print characters in dif)72 696 R
-.135(ferent colors or in standout mode.)-.25 F .135(There w)5.135 F .135
-(as noth-)-.1 F .558(ing pre)72 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .558
-(nting the use of these sequences in earlier v).15 F .559(ersions, b)
--.15 F .559(ut the readline redisplay algorithm assumed)-.2 F
-(each character occupied ph)72 720 Q(ysical screen space and w)-.05 E
-(ould wrap lines prematurely)-.1 E(.)-.65 E EP
-%%Page: 9 9
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-9-)282.17 48 Q .13(Readline has a fe)97 84 R
-2.63(wn)-.25 G .63 -.25(ew va)-2.63 H .13(riables, se).25 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G .13(ral ne).15 F 2.63(wb)-.25 G .13
-(indable commands, and some additional emacs mode)-2.63 F(def)72 96 Q
-.918(ault k)-.1 F 1.218 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 3.418(indings. A).15 F(ne)3.418
-E 3.418(wh)-.25 G .919(istory search mode has been implemented: in this\
- mode, readline searches)-3.418 F .336(the history for lines be)72 108 R
-.336(ginning with the characters between the be)-.15 F .336
-(ginning of the current line and the cursor)-.15 F(.)-.55 E .555(The e)
-72 120 R .556(xisting readline incremental search commands no longer ma\
-tch identical lines more than once.)-.15 F(File-)5.556 E 1.979
-(name completion no)72 132 R 4.479(we)-.25 G 1.979(xpands v)-4.629 F
-1.979(ariables in directory names.)-.25 F 1.978(The history e)6.978 F
-1.978(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.978(acilities are no)-.1 F(w)-.25 E 1.449
-(nearly completely csh-compatible: missing modi\214ers ha)72 144 R 1.749
--.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.449(een added and history substitution has been).15 F
--.15(ex)72 156 S(tended.).15 E(Se)97 171.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .474
-(ral of the features described earlier).15 F 2.973(,s)-.4 G .473(uch as)
--2.973 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .473(set -o posix)2.973 F F0(and)2.973 E
-F1($POSIX_PED)2.973 E(ANTIC)-.35 E F0 2.973(,a)C .473(re ne)-2.973 F
-2.973(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.973 E -.15(ve)72 183.6 S .106(rsion 1.14.).15 F
-.106(There is a ne)5.106 F 2.606(ws)-.25 G .106(hell v)-2.606 F
-(ariable,)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)2.606 E F0 2.606(,t)C 2.606(ow)-2.606 G .106
-(hich Bash assigns a v)-2.606 F .106(alue that identi\214es the v)-.25 F
-(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E 1.38(sion of)72 195.6 R/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)
-3.88 E F0(it')3.88 E 3.879(sr)-.55 G 1.379(unning on \(great for puttin\
-g architecture-speci\214c binary directories into the)-3.879 F F1($P)
-3.879 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(\).)A -1 -.8(Tw o)72 207.6 T -.25(va)
-6.215 G 2.915(riables ha).25 F 3.215 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 2.915(een renamed:)
-.15 F F1($HISTCONTR)5.416 E(OL)-.3 E F0(replaces)5.416 E F1
-($history_contr)5.416 E(ol)-.18 E F0 5.416(,a)C(nd)-5.416 E F1
-($HOSTFILE)5.416 E F0(replaces)72 219.6 Q F1
-($hostname_completion_\214le)2.521 E F0 5.021(.I)C 2.521(nb)-5.021 G
-.021(oth cases, the old names are accepted for backw)-2.521 F .02
-(ards compatibil-)-.1 F(ity)72 231.6 Q 5.788(.T)-.65 G .788(he ksh)
--5.788 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(select)3.288 E F0 .788
-(construct, which allo)3.288 F .788
-(ws the generation of simple menus, has been implemented.)-.25 F(Ne)
-5.788 E(w)-.25 E 1.496(capabilities ha)72 243.6 R 1.796 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
-1.496(een added to e).15 F 1.495(xisting v)-.15 F(ariables:)-.25 E F1
-($auto_r)3.995 E(esume)-.18 E F0 1.495(can no)3.995 F 3.995(wt)-.25 G
-(ak)-3.995 E 3.995(ev)-.1 G 1.495(alues of)-4.245 F F3 -.2(ex)3.995 G
-(act).2 E F0(or)3.995 E F3(sub-)3.995 E(string)72 255.6 Q F0 4.843(,a)C
-(nd)-4.843 E F1($HISTCONTR)4.843 E(OL)-.3 E F0 2.343(understands the v)
-4.843 F(alue)-.25 E F3(ignor)4.844 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 4.844(,w)C 2.344
-(hich combines the tw)-4.844 F 4.844(op)-.1 G(re)-4.844 E(viously)-.25 E
-1.556(acceptable v)72 267.6 R 4.056(alues. The)-.25 F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0
--.2(bu)4.056 G 1.556(iltin has acquired options to print out speci\214c\
- members of the directory).2 F 3.062(stack. The)72 279.6 R F1($nolinks)
-3.062 E F0 -.25(va)3.062 G .562(riable, which forces a ph).25 F .562
-(ysical vie)-.05 F 3.062(wo)-.25 G 3.062(ft)-3.062 G .563
-(he \214le system, has been superseded by the)-3.062 F F1<ad50>72 291.6
-Q F0 .494(option to the)2.994 F F1(set)2.994 E F0 -.2(bu)2.994 G .494
-(iltin \(equi).2 F -.25(va)-.25 G .494(lent to).25 F F1 .494(set -o ph)
-2.994 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .493(\); the v)B .493
-(ariable is retained for backw)-.25 F .493(ards compati-)-.1 F(bility)72
-303.6 Q 5.196(.T)-.65 G .196(he v)-5.196 F .196
-(ersion string contained in)-.15 F F1($B)2.696 E(ASH_VERSION)-.3 E F0
-(no)2.696 E 2.696(wi)-.25 G .196(ncludes an indication of the patch le)
--2.696 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.696(la).15 G(s)-2.696 E .85(well as the \231b)
-72 315.6 R .85(uild v)-.2 F 3.35(ersion\232. Some)-.15 F .85
-(little-used features ha)3.35 F 1.15 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .85(een remo).15 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.35(d: the).15 F F1(by)3.35 E(e)-.1 E F0(synon)3.35 E
-.85(ym for)-.15 F F1(exit)3.35 E F0(and)3.35 E(the)72 327.6 Q F1($NO_PR)
-3.498 E(OMPT_V)-.3 E(ARS)-1.35 E F0 -.25(va)3.498 G .998
-(riable are gone.).25 F .998(There is no)5.998 F 3.498(wa)-.25 G 3.498
-(no)-3.498 G -2.19 -.18(rg a)-3.498 H .998
-(nized test suite that can be run as a).18 F(re)72 339.6 Q
-(gression test when b)-.15 E(uilding a ne)-.2 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G
-(ersion of Bash.)-2.65 E 1.696(The documentation has been thoroughly o)
-97 355.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.696(rhauled: there is a ne).15 F 4.196(wm)
--.25 G 1.695(anual page on the readline)-4.196 F .467(library and the)72
-367.2 R F3(info)2.967 E F0 .467
-(\214le has been updated to re\215ect the current v)2.967 F 2.968
-(ersion. As)-.15 F(al)2.968 E -.1(wa)-.1 G .468(ys, as man).1 F 2.968
-(yb)-.15 G .468(ugs as possi-)-3.168 F(ble ha)72 379.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b)
--.2 H(een \214x).15 E(ed, although some surely remain.)-.15 E F1 2.5
-(5.2. Other)72 403.2 R -.25(Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E(es)-.18 E F0 1.68
-(There are a fe)97 418.8 R 4.18(wf)-.25 G 1.68
-(eatures that I hope to include in later Bash releases.)-4.18 F 1.68
-(Some are based on w)6.68 F(ork)-.1 E(already done in other shells.)72
-430.8 Q .958(In addition to simple v)97 446.4 R .959(ariables, a future\
- release of Bash will include one-dimensional arrays, using)-.25 F .206
-(the ksh implementation of arrays as a model.)72 458.4 R .205
-(Additions to the ksh syntax, such as)5.205 F F3(varname)2.705 E F0 .205
-(=\( ... \) to assign)B 2.587(al)72 470.4 S .087(ist of w)-2.587 F .088
-(ords directly to an array and a mechanism to allo)-.1 F 2.588(wt)-.25 G
-(he)-2.588 E F1 -.18(re)2.588 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.588 G .088
-(iltin to read a list of v).2 F .088(alues directly)-.25 F .092
-(into an array)72 482.4 R 2.592(,w)-.65 G .092(ould be desirable.)-2.692
-F(Gi)5.092 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.592(nt).15 G .092(hose e)-2.592 F .092
-(xtensions, the ksh)-.15 F F1 .092(set \255A)2.592 F F0 .091
-(syntax may not be w)2.591 F .091(orth support-)-.1 F(ing \(the)72 494.4
-Q F1<ad41>2.5 E F0(option assigns a list of v)2.5 E(alues to an array)
--.25 E 2.5(,b)-.65 G(ut is a rather peculiar special case\).)-2.7 E .76
-(Some shells include a means of)97 510 R F3(pr)3.26 E -.1(og)-.45 G -.15
-(ra).1 G(mmable).15 E F0 -.1(wo)3.26 G .76
-(rd completion, where the user speci\214es on a per).1 F(-)-.2 E .163
-(command basis ho)72 522 R 2.663(wt)-.25 G .163(he ar)-2.663 F .163(gum\
-ents of the command are to be treated when completion is attempted: as \
-\214le-)-.18 F .194(names, hostnames, e)72 534 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .194
-(cutable \214les, and so on.).15 F .195
-(The other aspects of the current Bash implementation could)5.195 F .482
-(remain as-is; the e)72 546 R .482(xisting heuristics w)-.15 F .481
-(ould still be v)-.1 F 2.981(alid. Only)-.25 F .481
-(when completing the ar)2.981 F .481(guments to a simple)-.18 F
-(command w)72 558 Q(ould the programmable completion be in ef)-.1 E
-(fect.)-.25 E .479(It w)97 573.6 R .479(ould also be nice to gi)-.1 F
-.779 -.15(ve t)-.25 H .479(he user \214ner).15 F .479
-(-grained control o)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.98(rw).15 G .48
-(hich commands are sa)-2.98 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.98(do).15 G .48(nto the)
--2.98 F 1.786(history list.)72 585.6 R 1.786(One proposal is for a v)
-6.786 F 1.786(ariable, tentati)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.786(ly named).15
-F F1(HISTIGNORE)4.286 E F0 4.285(,w)C 1.785(hich w)-4.285 F 1.785
-(ould contain a)-.1 F .496(colon-separated list of commands.)72 597.6 R
-.496(Lines be)5.496 F .496
-(ginning with these commands, after the restrictions of)-.15 F F1($HIST)
-2.997 E(-)-.92 E(CONTR)72 609.6 Q(OL)-.3 E F0(ha)2.65 E .45 -.15(ve b)
--.2 H .15(een applied, w).15 F .15
-(ould not be placed onto the history list.)-.1 F .15
-(The shell pattern-matching capa-)5.15 F(bilities could also be a)72
-621.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable when specifying the contents of).25 E F1
-($HISTIGNORE)2.5 E F0(.)A .729(One thing that ne)97 637.2 R .729
-(wer shells such as)-.25 F F1(wksh)3.229 E F0 .729(\(also kno)3.229 F
-.729(wn as)-.25 F F1(dtksh)3.23 E F0 3.23(\)p)C(ro)-3.23 E .73
-(vide is a command to dynami-)-.15 F 1.189
-(cally load code implementing additional b)72 649.2 R 1.189
-(uiltin commands into a running shell.)-.2 F 1.188(This ne)6.188 F 3.688
-(wb)-.25 G 1.188(uiltin w)-3.888 F(ould)-.1 E(tak)72 661.2 Q 2.875(ea)
--.1 G 2.875(no)-2.875 G .375
-(bject \214le or shared library implementing the \231body\232 of the b)
--2.875 F .375(uiltin \()-.2 F F3(xxx_b)A(uiltin\(\))-.2 E F0 .375
-(for those f)2.875 F(amiliar)-.1 E .052
-(with Bash internals\) and a structure containing the name of the ne)72
-673.2 R 2.552(wc)-.25 G .051(ommand, the function to call when the)
--2.552 F(ne)72 685.2 Q 3.458(wb)-.25 G .958(uiltin is in)-3.658 F -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.458(d\().1 G .959
-(presumably de\214ned in the shared object speci\214ed as an ar)-3.458 F
-.959(gument\), and the docu-)-.18 F 1.352
-(mentation to be printed by the)72 697.2 R F1(help)3.851 E F0 1.351
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-(xtending the internal table of b)-.15 E(uiltins.)-.2 E EP
-%%Page: 10 10
-%%BeginPageSetup
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-%%EndPageSetup
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-(shell running with job control acti)72 108 R 1.647 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
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-(get about\232 one or more background jobs in its internal jobs)-.18 F
-3.465(table. Using)72 120 R F1(getconf)3.465 E F0 3.465(,f)C .965(or e)
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-(guaranteed to \214nd all of the)3.464 F .884
-(POSIX standard utilities, or \214nd out ho)72 132 R 3.385(wl)-.25 G
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--3.385 F(directory)72 144 Q(.)-.65 E 1.521
-(There are no implementation timetables for an)97 159.6 R 4.021(yo)-.15
-G 4.021(ft)-4.021 G 1.52(hese features, nor are there concrete plans to)
--4.021 F(include them.)72 171.6 Q(If an)5 E(yone has comments on these \
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-(6. Re\215ections)72 195.6 R(and Lessons Lear)2.5 E(ned)-.15 E F0 .433
-(The lesson that has been repeated most often during Bash de)97 211.2 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .433(lopment is that there are dark corners).15 F .181
-(in the Bourne shell, and people use all of them.)72 223.2 R .18
-(In the original description of the Bourne shell, quoting and)5.181 F
-.073(the shell grammar are both poorly speci\214ed and incomplete; subs\
-equent descriptions ha)72 235.2 R .373 -.15(ve n)-.2 H .073
-(ot helped much.).15 F 1.856(The grammar presented in Bourne')72 247.2 R
-4.356(sp)-.55 G 1.856(aper describing the shell distrib)-4.356 F 1.855
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-(Nobody really kno)97 274.8 R 1.375(ws what the Bourne shell')-.25 F
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-(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.882 E(vior)-.2 E(,)-.4 E -.2(bu)72 314.4 S 3.246(ti).2
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-(ersions and se)-3.151 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(ral b).15 F .5
-(ug reports before Bash implemented sh-compatible quoting,)-.2 F .279
-(and there are still some \231le)72 338.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .279
-(l\232 sh constructs which Bash \215ags as syntax errors.).05 F .28
-(Complete sh compatibility)5.28 F(is a tough nut.)72 350.4 Q 1.231
-(The shell is bigger and slo)97 366 R 1.231(wer than I w)-.25 F 1.231
-(ould lik)-.1 F 1.23(e, though the current v)-.1 F 1.23
-(ersion is substantially f)-.15 F(aster)-.1 E .086(than pre)72 378 R
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-(re entered, rather than reporting errors when the)-2.884 F
-(construct is e)72 414 Q(xpanded.)-.15 E 1.064(As al)97 429.6 R -.1(wa)
--.1 G 1.064(ys, there is some chaf).1 F 3.564(ft)-.25 G 3.564(og)-3.564
-G 3.564(ow)-3.564 G 1.064(ith the wheat.)-3.564 F 1.063
-(Areas of duplicated functionality need to be)6.063 F .382(cleaned up.)
-72 441.6 R .382(There are se)5.382 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .382
-(ral cases where Bash treats a v).15 F .382
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-(ilable).25 E .185(another w)72 453.6 R .185(ay \()-.1 F F1($notify)A F0
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--.15 G 5.921(d. A).15 F(fe)5.921 E 5.921(wm)-.25 G 3.422
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-1.478(luation syntax is redundant no).25 F 3.978(wt)-.25 G 1.478
-(hat the POSIX-mandated)-3.978 F F1($\(\(...\)\))3.978 E F0 1.478
-(construct has)3.978 F .326(been implemented, and could be deleted.)72
-501.6 R .326(It w)5.326 F .326(ould be nice if the te)-.1 F .326
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-($command_oriented_history)2.562 E F0 2.562(,w)C(hich)-2.562 E 1.125
-(causes the shell to attempt to sa)72 525.6 R 1.424 -.15(ve a)-.2 H
-1.124(ll lines of a multi-line command in a single history entry).15 F
-3.624(,s)-.65 G 1.124(hould be)-3.624 F(made the def)72 537.6 Q
-(ault and the v)-.1 E(ariable remo)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1 2.5
-(7. A)72 561.6 R -.1(va)-1 G(ilability).1 E F0 .047
-(As with all other GNU softw)97 577.2 R .047(are, Bash is a)-.1 F -.25
-(va)-.2 G .047(ilable for anon).25 F .047(ymous FTP from)-.15 F F4(pr)
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-72 589.2 R 1.05(are mirror sites.)-.1 F 1.049(The current v)6.049 F
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-(Edu:/pub/dist.).25 E F0(Bash documentation is a)5 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable for FTP from).25 E F4(bash.CWR)2.5 E -.25(U.)-.4 G
-(Edu:/pub/bash.).25 E F0 1.169(The Free Softw)97 628.8 R 1.169(are F)-.1
-F 1.169(oundation sells tapes and CD-R)-.15 F 1.168
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-(gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu)72 640.8 Q F0(or call)2.5 E F3(+1-617-876-3296)2.5
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--.15 F F2(UNIX)3.194 E F0 .694(-compatible systems.)B .695
-(It is included as /bin/sh)5.694 F .948(and /bin/bash on se)72 668.4 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .948(ral Linux distrib).15 F .948
-(utions \(more about the dif)-.2 F .948
-(ference in a moment\), and as contrib)-.25 F(uted)-.2 E .32 LW 144
-676.4 72 676.4 DL/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .781
-(\207S. R. Bourne, \231UNIX T)72 688.2 R .781(ime-Sharing System:)-.28 F
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-(Bell System T)2.78 F(ec)-.736 E .78(hnical J)-.12 F(ournal)-.2 E F5
-2.78(,5)C .78(7\(6\), July-)-2.78 F(August, 1978, pp. 1971-1990.)72
-698.2 Q<8854>72 710 Q .431(om Duf)-.64 F .431
-(f, \231Rc \255 A Shell for Plan 9 and)-.2 F/F7 7/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)
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-(oc. of the Summer 1990 EUUG Confer)-.36 F(ence)-.296 E F5 2.432(,L)C
-(on-)-2.432 E(don, July)72 720 Q 2(,1)-.52 G(990, pp. 21-33.)-2 E EP
-%%Page: 11 11
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
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-E 2.5(sB)-.55 G(SD/386* and FreeBSD.)-2.5 E .598(The Linux distrib)97
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-72 111.6 R .732(ution: a \231normal\232 con\214guration, in which all o\
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-con\214guration, which omits job control, aliases, history and command \
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-/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd/popd/dirs,)3.386 E F0 .886(process substitution,\
- prompt string special character decoding, and the)3.386 F/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(select)3.385 E F0 3.368(construct. This)72 147.6 R
-.868(minimal v)3.368 F .869
-(ersion is designed to be a drop-in replacement for the traditional)-.15
-F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)3.369 E F0(/bin/sh,)3.369 E
-(and is included as the Linux /bin/sh in se)72 159.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(ral packagings.).15 E F1 2.5(8. Conclusion)72 183.6 R F0 .8
-(Bash is a w)97 199.2 R(orth)-.1 E 3.3(ys)-.05 G .8(uccessor to sh.)-3.3
-F .8(It is suf)5.8 F .8(\214ciently portable to run on nearly e)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G .8(ry v).15 F .8(ersion of)-.15 F F3(UNIX)3.299 E F0 .31
-(from 4.3 BSD to SVR4.2, and se)72 211.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F3
-(UNIX)2.81 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(rkalik).1 E 2.81(es. It)-.1 F .311(is rob)
-2.81 F .311(ust enough to replace sh on most of those)-.2 F 1.515
-(systems, and pro)72 223.2 R 1.515(vides more functionality)-.15 F 6.515
-(.I)-.65 G 4.015(th)-6.515 G 1.515(as se)-4.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.515
-(ral thousand re).15 F 1.515(gular users, and their feedback has)-.15 F
-(helped to mak)72 235.2 Q 2.5(ei)-.1 G 2.5(ta)-2.5 G 2.5(sg)-2.5 G
-(ood as it is today \255 a testament to the bene\214ts of free softw)
--2.5 E(are.)-.1 E .32 LW 144 708.2 72 708.2 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF
-(*BSD/386 is a trademark of Berk)72 720 Q(ele)-.08 E 2(yS)-.12 G(oftw)-2
-E(are Design, Inc.)-.08 E EP
-%%Trailer
-end
-%%EOF
diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1
index f6f6649..8cc22b8 100644
--- a/doc/bash.1
+++ b/doc/bash.1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\"
+.\"
 .\" MAN PAGE COMMENTS to
 .\"
 .\"	Chet Ramey
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@
 .\"	Case Western Reserve University
 .\"	chet@po.cwru.edu
 .\"
-.\"	Last Change: Wed Dec 28 19:58:45 EST 2005
+.\"	Last Change: Thu Sep 28 10:25:59 EDT 2006
 .\"
 .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
 .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
 .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2005 Dec 28" "GNU Bash-3.1"
+.TH BASH 1 "2006 September 28" "GNU Bash-3.2"
 .\"
 .\" There's some problem with having a `@'
 .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -62,8 +62,9 @@ also incorporates useful features from the \fIKorn\fP and \fIC\fP
 shells (\fBksh\fP and \fBcsh\fP).
 .PP
 .B Bash
-is intended to be a conformant implementation of the IEEE
-POSIX Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group 1003\.2).
+is intended to be a conformant implementation of the
+Shell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification
+(IEEE Standard 1003.1).
 .B Bash
 can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default.
 .SH OPTIONS
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as
 .TP
 .B \-\-posix
 Change the behavior of \fBbash\fP where the default operation differs
-from the POSIX 1003.2 standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP).
+from the POSIX standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP).
 .TP
 .B \-\-restricted
 The shell becomes restricted (see
@@ -990,7 +991,7 @@ quotes (see
 .B PARAMETERS
 below).
 .PP
-Words of the form \fB$\fP'\fIstring\fP' are treated specially.  The
+Words of the form \fB$\fP\(aq\fIstring\fP\(aq are treated specially.  The
 word expands to \fIstring\fP, with backslash-escaped characters replaced
 as specified by the ANSI C standard.  Backslash escape sequences, if
 present, are decoded as follows:
@@ -1024,7 +1025,7 @@ vertical tab
 .B \e\e
 backslash
 .TP
-.B \e'
+.B \e\(aq
 single quote
 .TP   
 .B \e\fInnn\fP
@@ -1387,6 +1388,8 @@ subsequently reset.
 .B COMP_WORDS
 An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) consisting of the individual
 words in the current command line.
+The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
+separate them.
 This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
 programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
 below).
@@ -1707,7 +1710,8 @@ command history is not saved when an interactive shell exits.
 .B HISTFILESIZE
 The maximum number of lines contained in the history file.  When this
 variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
-necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines.  The default
+necessary, by removing the oldest entries,
+to contain no more than that number of lines.  The default
 value is 500.  The history file is also truncated to this size after
 writing it when an interactive shell exits.
 .TP
@@ -1860,7 +1864,7 @@ the current mailfile.
 Example:
 .RS
 .PP
-\fBMAILPATH\fP='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell\-mail?"$_ has mail!"'
+\fBMAILPATH\fP=\(aq/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell\-mail?"$_ has mail!"\(aq
 .PP
 .B Bash
 supplies a default value for this variable, but the location of the user
@@ -1994,7 +1998,7 @@ The value of \fIp\fP determines whether or not the fraction is
 included.
 .IP
 If this variable is not set, \fBbash\fP acts as if it had the
-value \fB$'\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\t%3lS'\fP.
+value \fB$\(aq\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\t%3lS\(aq\fP.
 If the value is null, no timing information is displayed.
 A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
 .TP
@@ -2556,17 +2560,12 @@ the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
 array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
 .TP
 ${\fIparameter\fP\fB/\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB/\fP\fIstring\fP}
-.PD 0
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB//\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB/\fP\fIstring\fP}
-.PD
 The \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
 pathname expansion.
 \fIParameter\fP is expanded and the longest match of \fIpattern\fP
 against its value is replaced with \fIstring\fP.
-In the first form, only the first match is replaced.
-The second form causes all matches of \fIpattern\fP to be
-replaced with \fIstring\fP.
+If \Ipattern\fP begins with \fB/\fP, all matches of \fIpattern\fP are
+replaced with \fIstring\fP.  Normally only the first match is replaced.
 If \fIpattern\fP begins with \fB#\fP, it must match at the beginning
 of the expanded value of \fIparameter\fP.
 If \fIpattern\fP begins with \fB%\fP, it must match at the end
@@ -2736,7 +2735,7 @@ If the value of
 .B IFS
 is null, no word splitting occurs.
 .PP
-Explicit null arguments (\^\f3"\^"\fP or \^\f3'\^'\fP\^) are retained.
+Explicit null arguments (\^\f3"\^"\fP or \^\f3\(aq\^\(aq\fP\^) are retained.
 Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of
 parameters that have no values, are removed.
 If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a
@@ -2899,7 +2898,7 @@ and
 .BR ] ,
 \fIcharacter classes\fP can be specified using the syntax
 \fB[:\fP\fIclass\fP\fB:]\fP, where \fIclass\fP is one of the
-following classes defined in the POSIX.2 standard:
+following classes defined in the POSIX standard:
 .PP
 .RS
 .B
@@ -2962,7 +2961,7 @@ Matches anything except one of the given patterns
 After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the
 characters
 .BR \e ,
-.BR ' ,
+.BR \(aq ,
 and \^\f3"\fP\^ that did not result from one of the above
 expansions are removed.
 .SH REDIRECTION
@@ -3458,6 +3457,10 @@ automatically have them defined with the
 option to the 
 .B export
 builtin.
+A function definition may be deleted using the \fB\-f\fP option to
+the
+.B unset
+builtin.
 Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result
 in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the
 shell's children.
@@ -4534,8 +4537,8 @@ backslash
 .B \e"
 literal "
 .TP
-.B \e'
-literal '
+.B \e\(aq
+literal \(aq
 .RE
 .PD
 .PP
@@ -4583,7 +4586,7 @@ be used to indicate a macro definition.
 Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name.
 In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded.
 Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text,
-including " and '.
+including " and \(aq.
 .PP
 .B Bash
 allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modified
@@ -6680,10 +6683,6 @@ backslash
 the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
 (zero to three octal digits)
 .TP
-.B \e\fInnn\fP
-the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
-(one to three octal digits)
-.TP
 .B \ex\fIHH\fP
 the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value \fIHH\fP
 (one or two hex digits)
@@ -7359,7 +7358,7 @@ format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
 In addition to the standard \fIprintf\fP(1) formats, \fB%b\fP causes
 \fBprintf\fP to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding
 \fIargument\fP (except that \fB\ec\fP terminates output, backslashes in
-\fB\e'\fP, \fB\e"\fP, and \fB\e?\fP are not removed, and octal escapes
+\fB\e\(aq\fP, \fB\e"\fP, and \fB\e?\fP are not removed, and octal escapes
 beginning with \fB\e0\fP may contain up to four digits),
 and \fB%q\fP causes \fBprintf\fP to output the corresponding
 \fIargument\fP in a format that can be reused as shell input.
@@ -7757,7 +7756,7 @@ This option is disabled by default.
 Change the behavior of
 .B bash
 where the default operation differs
-from the POSIX 1003.2 standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP).
+from the POSIX standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP).
 .TP 8
 .B privileged
 Same as
@@ -8076,7 +8075,7 @@ If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under
 \fBPathname Expansion\fP are enabled.
 .TP 8
 .B extquote
-If set, \fB$\fP'\fIstring\fP' and \fB$\fP"\fIstring\fP" quoting is
+If set, \fB$\fP\(aq\fIstring\fP\(aq and \fB$\fP"\fIstring\fP" quoting is
 performed within \fB${\fP\fIparameter\fP\fB}\fP expansions
 enclosed in double quotes.  This option is enabled by default.
 .TP 8
@@ -8445,8 +8444,8 @@ the command
 is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the
 \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins finishes executing.
 Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
-Trapped signals are reset to their original values in a child
-process when it is created.
+Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
+values in a child process when it is created.
 The return status is false if any
 .I sigspec
 is invalid; otherwise
@@ -8566,10 +8565,10 @@ The maximum size of core files created
 The maximum size of a process's data segment
 .TP
 .B \-e
-The maximum scheduling priority (`nice')
+The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
 .TP
 .B \-f
-The maximum size of files created by the shell
+The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children
 .TP
 .B \-i
 The maximum number of pending signals
@@ -8591,7 +8590,7 @@ The pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set)
 The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues
 .TP
 .B \-r
-The maximum rt priority
+The maximum real-time scheduling priority
 .TP
 .B \-s
 The maximum stack size
diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index cdc3df0..0000000
--- a/doc/bashref.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo.tex @c -*- texinfo -*-
-@c %**start of header
-@setfilename bashref.info
-@settitle Bash Reference Manual
-@c %**end of header
-
-@dircategory Basics
-@direntry
-* Bash: (bash).                     The GNU Bourne-Again SHell.
-@end direntry
-
-@finalout
-
-@bye
diff --git a/doc/rbash.1 b/doc/rbash.1
index f35ad7e..c148abf 100644
--- a/doc/rbash.1
+++ b/doc/rbash.1
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
 rbash \- restricted bash, see \fBbash\fR(1)
 .SH RESTRICTED SHELL
 .nr zY 1
-.so man1/bash.1
+.so bash.1
 .SH SEE ALSO
 bash(1)
diff --git a/doc/rose94.ps b/doc/rose94.ps
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-(wn ar)-.25 E(gument lists and local v)-.18 E(ariables, and may be recursi)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E .722(The shell language pro)97 529.2 R .722(vides v)
--.15 F .722(ariables, which may be both set and referenced.)-.25 F 3.222(An)
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-(xit status of the pre)-.15 F .406(vious command, and)-.25 F F1($$)2.906 E F0
-2.906(,t)C .406(he shell')322.436 553.2 R 2.906(sp)-.55 G .406(rocess I.D.)
-368.248 553.2 R .407(In addition to pro)5.406 F(vid-)-.15 E .129
-(ing special parameters and user)72 565.2 R .129(-de\214ned v)-.2 F .129
-(ariables, the shell permits the v)-.25 F .128(alues of certain v)-.25 F .128
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--.15(ve)-.2 G 4.531(st).15 G 2.031(he beha)103.951 477.6 R 2.031
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-(Bash uses the POSIX.2 algorithm,)7.031 F(which w)72 489.6 Q(as concei)-.1 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(db).15 G 2.5(yD)164.53 489.6 S -.2(av)179.25 489.6 S(id K).2
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-1.129(vided, some important things)-.15 F(ha)72 517.2 Q .58 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .28
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-('' T)-.7 H .28(here is, for instance, no mention of a dif).74 F .28
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--.15(ve s)-.25 H .854(hell \(since POSIX.2 does not specify a login program\).)
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-(tures bash and ksh contain which are not in sh will be discussed.)72 604.8 R
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-(S1='\\u@\\h [\\t] \\W\($SHLVL:\\!\)\\$ ')115 385.2 Q
-(chet@odin [21:03:44] documentation\(2:636\)$ cd ..)97 397.2 Q
-(chet@odin [21:03:54] src\(2:637\)$)97 409.2 Q F0 .619
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-(chet@odin [21:13:35] src\(2:638\)$ export PS1)97 460.8 Q
-(chet@odin [21:17:40] src\(2:639\)$ bash)97 472.8 Q
-(chet@odin [21:17:46] src\(3:696\)$)97 484.8 Q F0(The)72 506.4 Q F1(\\$)2.5 E
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-(Bash is a solid replacement for sh.)97 127.2 R .483(It is suf)5.483 F .483
-(\214ciently portable to run on nearly e)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .484(ry v).15 F
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-(etting smaller)105.953 163.2 R 2.663(,b)-.4 G .163(ut there are man)170.399
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-(ad)72 175.2 S(irect replacement for /bin/sh.)83.94 175.2 Q .909
-(Bash has thousands of users w)97 190.8 R .909(orldwide, all of whom ha)-.1 F
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-226.8 R(ences)-.18 E F0 .432([1] S. R. Bourne, `)72 242.4 R .432(`UNIX T)-.74 F
-.432(ime-Sharing System:)-.35 F .431(The UNIX Shell')5.431 F(',)-.74 E/F3 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF .431(Bell System T)2.931 F(ec)-.92 E .431(hnical J)-.15 F
-(ournal)-.25 E F0 2.931(,5)C(7\(6\),)484.84 242.4 Q
-(July-August, 1978, pp. 1971-1990.)72 254.4 Q .736([2] Morris Bolsk)72 270 R
-3.237(ya)-.15 G .737(nd Da)153.22 270 R .737(vid K)-.2 F(orn,)-.35 E F3 .737
-(The K)3.237 F .737(ornShell Command and Pr)-.4 F -.1(og)-.45 G -.15(ra).1 G
-.737(mming Langua).15 F -.1(ge)-.1 G F0 3.237(,P).1 G .737(rentice Hall,)
-453.833 270 R(1989.)72 282 Q .142([3] Bill Jo)72 297.6 R 1.442 -.65(y, A)-.1 H
-2.642(nI).65 G .141(ntroduction to the C Shell,)140.428 297.6 R F3 .141
-(UNIX User')2.641 F 2.641(sS)-.4 G .141(upplementary Documents)309.346 297.6 R
-F0 2.641(,U)C(ni)424.328 297.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .141(rsity of Califor).15 F(-)
--.2 E(nia at Berk)72 309.6 Q(ele)-.1 E 1.3 -.65(y, 1)-.15 H(986.).65 E .283
-([4] IEEE,)72 325.2 R F3 .283(IEEE Standar)2.783 F 2.783(df)-.37 G .283
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-%%Trailer
-end
-%%EOF
diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi
index f769a19..ca1a17b 100644
--- a/doc/version.texi
+++ b/doc/version.texi
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 @ignore
-Copyright (C) 1988-2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988-2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 @end ignore
 
-@set LASTCHANGE Mon Sep  5 11:47:04 EDT 2005
+@set LASTCHANGE Thu Sep 28 10:25:45 EDT 2006
 
-@set EDITION 3.1-beta1
-@set VERSION 3.1-beta1
-@set UPDATED 5 September 2005
-@set UPDATED-MONTH September 2005
+@set EDITION 3.2
+@set VERSION 3.2
+@set UPDATED 28 September 2006
+@set UPDATED-MONTH September 2006