initial import from bash_3.1dfsg.orig.tar.gz

26 files changed, 3700 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/examples/scripts/adventure.sh b/examples/scripts/adventure.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1694450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/adventure.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#	ash -- "Adventure shell"
+#	last edit:	86/04/21	D A Gwyn
+#	SCCS ID:	@(#)ash.sh	1.4
+
+OPATH=$PATH
+
+ask()
+{
+	echo -n "$@" '[y/n] '
+	read ans
+
+	case "$ans" in
+	y*|Y*)
+		return 0
+		;;
+	*)
+		return 1
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+	
+CAT=${PAGER:-more}
+
+ash_inst()
+{
+	cat <<- EOF
+
+	                Instructions for the Adventure shell
+
+	Welcome to the Adventure shell!  In this exploration of the UNIX file
+	system, I will act as your eyes and hands.  As you move around, I will
+	describe whatever is visible and will carry out your commands.  The
+	general form of a command is
+	        Verb Object Extra_stuff.
+	Most commands pay no attention to the "Extra_stuff", and many do not
+	need an "Object".  A typical command is
+	        get all
+	which picks up all files in the current "room" (directory).  You can
+	find out what you are carrying by typing the command
+	        inventory
+	The command "help" results in a full description of all commands that I
+	understand.  To quit the Adventure shell, type
+	        quit
+
+	There are UNIX monsters lurking in the background.  These are also
+	known as "commands with arguments".
+
+	Good luck!
+	EOF
+}
+
+ash_help()
+{
+echo "I understand the following commands (synonyms in parentheses):"
+echo ""
+
+echo "change OBJECT to NEW_NAME       changes the name of the object"
+echo "clone OBJECT as NEW_NAME        duplicates the object"
+echo "drop OBJECTS                    leaves the objects in the room"
+echo "enter (go) PASSAGE              takes the labeled passage"
+echo "examine OBJECTS                 describes the objects in detail"
+echo "feed OBJECT to MONSTER          stuffs the object into a UNIX monster"
+echo "get (take) OBJECTS              picks up the specified objects"
+echo "gripe (bug)                     report a problem with the Adventure shell"
+echo "help                            prints this summary"
+echo "inventory (i)                   tells what you are carrying"
+echo "kill (destroy) OBJECTS          destroys the objects"
+echo "look (l)                        describes the room, including hidden objects"
+echo "open (read) OBJECT              shows the contents of an object"
+echo "quit (exit)                     leaves the Adventure shell"
+echo "resurrect OBJECTS               attempts to restore dead objects"
+echo "steal OBJECT from MONSTER       obtains the object from a UNIX monster"
+echo "throw OBJECT at daemon          feeds the object to the printer daemon"
+echo "up                              takes the overhead passage"
+echo "wake MONSTER                    awakens a UNIX monster"
+echo "where (w)                       tells you where you are"
+echo "xyzzy                           moves you to your home"
+}
+	
+MAINT=chet@ins.cwru.edu
+
+PATH=/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:.
+export PATH
+
+trap 'echo Ouch!' 2 3
+#trap '' 18			# disable Berkeley job control
+
+#ash_lk(){ echo " $1 " | fgrep " $2 " >&- 2>&-; }
+ash_lk(){ echo " $1 " | fgrep -q " $2 " >/dev/null 2>&1 ; }
+ash_pr(){ echo $* | tr ' ' '\012' | pr -5 -t -w75 -l$[ ( $# + 4 ) / 5 ]; }
+ash_rm(){ echo " $1 " | sed -e "s/ $2 / /" -e 's/^ //' -e 's/ $//'; }
+
+# enable history, bang history expansion, and emacs editing
+set -o history
+set -o histexpand
+set -o emacs
+
+cd
+LIM=.limbo			# $HOME/$LIM contains "destroyed" objects
+mkdir $LIM || {
+	echo "ash: cannot mkdir $LIM: exiting"
+	exit 1
+}
+KNAP=.knapsack			# $HOME/$KNAP contains objects being "carried"
+if [ ! -d $KNAP ]
+then	mkdir $KNAP >/dev/null 2>&1
+	if [ $? = 0 ]
+	then	echo 'You found a discarded empty knapsack.'
+	else	echo 'You have no knapsack to carry things in.'
+		exit 1
+	fi
+else	echo 'One moment while I peek in your old knapsack...'
+fi
+
+kn=`echo \`ls -a $KNAP | sed -e '/^\.$/d' -e '/^\.\.$/d'\``
+
+if ask 'Welcome to the Adventure shell!  Do you need instructions?'
+then
+	ash_inst
+	echo -n 'Type a newline to continue: '
+	read
+fi
+
+wiz=false
+cha=false
+prev=$LIM
+while :
+do	room=`pwd`
+	if [ $room != $prev ]
+	then	if [ $room = $HOME ]
+		then	echo 'You are in your own home.'
+		else	echo "You have entered $room."
+		fi
+		exs=
+		obs=
+		hexs=
+		hobs=
+		f=false
+		for i in `ls -a`
+		do	case $i in
+			.|..)	;;
+			.*)	if [ -f $i ]
+				then	hobs="$hobs $i"
+				elif [ -d $i ]
+				then	hexs="$hexs $i"
+				else	f=true
+				fi
+				;;
+			*)	if [ -f $i ]
+				then	obs="$obs $i"
+				elif [ -d $i ]
+				then	exs="$exs $i"
+				else	f=true
+				fi
+				;;
+			esac
+		done
+		if [ "$obs" ]
+		then	echo 'This room contains:'
+			ash_pr $obs
+		else	echo 'The room looks empty.'
+		fi
+		if [ "$exs" ]
+		then	echo 'There are exits labeled:'
+			ash_pr $exs
+			echo 'as well as a passage overhead.'
+		else	echo 'There is a passage overhead.'
+		fi
+		if sh -c $f
+		then	echo 'There are shadowy figures in the corner.'
+		fi
+		prev=$room
+	fi
+
+	read -e -p '-advsh> ' verb obj x	# prompt is '-advsh> '
+	if [ $? != 0 ]
+	then	verb=quit		# EOF
+	fi
+
+	case $verb in
+	change)		if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$obj"
+				then	set -- $x
+					case "$1" in
+					to)	if [ "$2" ]
+						then	if [ -f $2 ]
+							then	echo "You must destroy $2 first."
+								set --
+							fi
+							if [ "$2" ]
+							then	if mv $obj $2 # >&- 2>&-
+								then	echo "The $obj shimmers and turns into $2."
+									obs=`ash_rm "$2 $obs" "$obj"`
+								else	echo "There is a cloud of smoke but the $obj is unchanged."
+								fi
+							fi
+						else	echo 'To what?'
+						fi
+						;;
+					*)	echo "Change $obj to what?"
+						;;
+					esac
+				else	if ash_lk "$kn" "$obj"
+					then	echo 'You must drop it first.'
+					else	echo "I see no $obj here."
+					fi
+				fi
+			else	echo 'Change what?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	clone)		if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$obj"
+				then	if [ ! -r $obj ]
+					then	echo "The $obj does not wish to be cloned."
+					else	set -- $x
+						case "$1" in
+						as)	if [ "$2" ]
+							then	if [ -f $2 ]
+								then	echo "You must destroy $2 first."
+								else	if cp $obj $2 # >&- 2>&-
+									then	echo "Poof!  When the smoke clears, you see the new $2."
+										obs="$obs $2"
+									else	echo 'You hear a dull thud but no clone appears.'
+									fi
+								fi
+							else	echo 'As what?'
+							fi
+							;;
+						*)	echo "Clone $obj as what?"
+							;;
+						esac
+					fi
+				else	if ash_lk "$kn" "$obj"
+					then	echo 'You must drop it first.'
+					else	echo "I see no $obj here."
+					fi
+				fi
+			else	echo 'Clone what?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	drop)		if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	for it in $obj $x
+				do	if ash_lk "$kn" "$it"
+					then	if [ -w $it ]
+						then	echo "You must destroy $it first."
+						else	if mv $HOME/$KNAP/$it $it # >&- 2>&-
+							then	echo "$it: dropped."
+								kn=`ash_rm "$kn" "$it"`
+								obs=`echo $it $obs`
+							else	echo "The $it is caught in your knapsack."
+							fi
+						fi
+					else	echo "You're not carrying the $it!"
+					fi
+				done
+			else	echo 'Drop what?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	enter|go)	if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	if [ $obj != up ]
+				then	if ash_lk "$exs $hexs" "$obj"
+					then	if [ -x $obj ]
+						then	if cd $obj
+							then	echo 'You squeeze through the passage.'
+							else	echo "You can't go that direction."
+							fi
+						else	echo 'An invisible force blocks your way.'
+						fi
+					else	echo 'I see no such passage.'
+					fi
+				else	if cd ..
+					then	echo 'You struggle upwards.'
+					else	echo "You can't reach that high."
+					fi
+				fi
+			else	echo 'Which passage?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	examine)	if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	if [ $obj = all ]
+				then	$obj=`echo $obs $exs`
+					x=
+				fi
+				for it in $obj $x
+				do	if ash_lk "$obs $hobs $exs $hexs" "$it"
+					then	echo "Upon close inspection of the $it, you see:"
+						ls -ld $it 2>/dev/null
+						if [ $? != 0 ]
+						then	echo "-- when you look directly at the $it, it vanishes."
+						fi
+					else	if ash_lk "$kn" "$it"
+						then	echo 'You must drop it first.'
+						else	echo "I see no $it here."
+						fi
+					fi
+				done
+			else	echo 'Examine what?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	feed)		if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$obj"
+				then	set -- $x
+					case "$1" in
+					to)	if [ "$2" ]
+						then	shift
+							if PATH=$OPATH $* <$obj 2>/dev/null
+							then	echo "The $1 monster devours your $obj."
+								if rm -f $obj # >&- 2>&-
+								then	obs=`ash_rm "$obs" "$obj"`
+								else	echo 'But he spits it back up.'
+								fi
+							else	echo "The $1 monster holds his nose in disdain."
+							fi
+						else	echo 'To what?'
+						fi
+						;;
+					*)	echo "Feed $obj to what?"
+						;;
+					esac
+				else	if ash_lk "$kn" "$obj"
+					then	echo 'You must drop it first.'
+					else	echo "I see no $obj here."
+					fi
+				fi
+			else	echo 'Feed what?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	get|take)	if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	if [ $obj = all ]
+				then	obj="$obs"
+					x=
+				fi
+				for it in $obj $x
+				do	if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$it"
+					then	if ash_lk "$kn" "$it"
+						then	echo 'You already have one.'
+						else	if mv $it $HOME/$KNAP/$it # >&- 2>&-
+							then	echo "$it: taken."
+								kn="$it $kn"
+								obs=`ash_rm "$obs" "$it"`
+							else	echo "The $it is too heavy."
+							fi
+						fi
+					else	echo "I see no $it here."
+					fi
+				done
+			else	echo 'Get what?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	gripe|bug)	echo 'Please describe the problem and your situation at the time it failed.\nEnd the bug report with a line containing just a Ctrl-D.'
+			cat | mail $MAINT -s 'ash bug'
+			echo 'Thank you!'
+			;;
+	help)		ash_help
+			;;
+	inventory|i)	if [ "$kn" ]
+			then	echo 'Your knapsack contains:'
+				ash_pr $kn
+			else	echo 'You are poverty-stricken.'
+			fi
+			;;
+	kill|destroy)	if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	if [ $obj = all ]
+				then	x=
+					if ask "Do you really want to attempt to $verb them all?"
+					then	obj=`echo $obs`
+					else	echo 'Chicken!'
+						obj=
+					fi
+				fi
+				for it in $obj $x
+				do	if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$it"
+					then	if mv $it $HOME/$LIM # <&- >&- 2>&-
+						then	if [ $verb = kill ]
+							then	echo "The $it cannot defend himself; he dies."
+							else	echo "You have destroyed the $it; it vanishes."
+							fi
+							obs=`ash_rm "$obs" "$it"`
+						else	if [ $verb = kill ]
+							then	echo "Your feeble blows are no match for the $it."
+							else	echo "The $it is indestructible."
+							fi
+						fi
+					else	if ash_lk "$kn" "$it"
+						then	echo "You must drop the $it first."
+							found=false
+						else	echo "I see no $it here."
+						fi
+					fi
+				done
+			else	echo 'Kill what?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	look|l)		obs=`echo $obs $hobs`
+			hobs=
+			if [ "$obs" ]
+			then	echo 'The room contains:'
+				ash_pr $obs
+			else	echo 'The room is empty.'
+			fi
+			exs=`echo $exs $hexs`
+			hexs=
+			if [ "$exs" ]
+			then	echo 'There are exits plainly labeled:'
+				ash_pr $exs
+				echo 'and a passage directly overhead.'
+			else	echo 'The only exit is directly overhead.'
+			fi
+			;;
+	magic)		if [ "$obj" = mode ]
+			then	if sh -c $cha
+				then	echo 'You had your chance and you blew it.'
+				else	if ask 'Are you a wizard?'
+					then	echo -n 'Prove it!  Say the magic word: '
+						read obj
+						if [ "$obj" = armadillo ]
+						then	echo 'Yes, master!!'
+							wiz=true
+						else	echo "Homie says: I don't think so"
+							cha=true
+						fi
+					else	echo "I didn't think so."
+					fi
+				fi
+			else	echo 'Nice try.'
+			fi
+			;;
+	open|read)	if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$obj"
+				then	if [ -r $obj ]
+					then	if [ -s $obj ]
+						then	echo "Opening the $obj reveals:"
+							$CAT < $obj
+							if [ $? != 0 ]
+							then	echo '-- oops, you lost the contents!'
+							fi
+						else	echo "There is nothing inside the $obj."
+						fi
+					else	echo "You do not have the proper tools to open the $obj."
+					fi
+				else	if ash_lk "$kn" "$obj"
+					then	echo 'You must drop it first.'
+						found=false
+					else	echo "I see no $obj here."
+					fi
+				fi
+			else	echo 'Open what?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	quit|exit)	if ask 'Do you really want to quit now?'
+			then	if [ "$kn" ]
+				then	echo 'The contents of your knapsack will still be there next time.'
+				fi
+				rm -rf $HOME/$LIM
+				echo 'See you later!'
+				exit 0
+			fi
+			;;
+	resurrect)	if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	for it in $obj $x
+				do	if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$it"
+					then	echo "The $it is already alive and well."
+					else	if mv $HOME/$LIM/$it $it # <&- >&- 2>&-
+						then	echo "The $it staggers to his feet."
+							obs=`echo $it $obs`
+						else	echo "There are sparks but no $it appears."
+						fi
+					fi
+				done
+			else	echo 'Resurrect what?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	steal)		if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$obj"
+				then	echo 'There is already one here.'
+				else	set -- $x
+					case "$1" in
+					from)	if [ "$2" ]
+						then	shift
+							if PATH=$OPATH $* >$obj 2>/dev/null
+							then	echo "The $1 monster drops the $obj."
+								obs=`echo $obj $obs`
+							else	echo "The $1 monster runs away as you approach."
+								rm -f $obj # >&- 2>&-
+							fi
+						else	echo 'From what?'
+						fi
+						;;
+					*)	echo "Steal $obj from what?"
+						;;
+					esac
+				fi
+			else	echo 'Steal what?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	throw)		if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$obj"
+				then	set -- $x
+					case "$1" in
+					at)	case "$2" in
+						daemon)	if sh -c "lpr -r $obj"
+							then	echo "The daemon catches the $obj, turns it into paper,\nand leaves it in the basket."
+								obs=`ash_rm "$obs" "$obj"`
+							else	echo "The daemon is nowhere to be found."
+							fi
+							;;
+						*)	echo 'At what?'
+							;;
+						esac
+						;;
+					*)	echo "Throw $obj at what?"
+						;;
+					esac
+				else	if ash_lk "$kn" "$obj"
+					then	echo 'It is in your knapsack.'
+						found=false
+					else	echo "I see no $obj here."
+					fi
+				fi
+			else	echo 'Throw what?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	u|up)		if cd ..
+			then	echo 'You pull yourself up a level.'
+			else	echo "You can't reach that high."
+			fi
+			;;
+	wake)		if [ "$obj" ]
+			then	echo "You awaken the $obj monster:"
+				PATH=$OPATH $obj $x
+				echo 'The monster slithers back into the darkness.'
+			else	echo 'Wake what?'
+			fi
+			;;
+	w|where)	echo "You are in $room."
+			;;
+	xyzzy)		if cd
+			then	echo 'A strange feeling comes over you.'
+			else	echo 'Your spell fizzles out.'
+			fi
+			;;
+	*)		if [ "$verb" ]
+			then	if sh -c $wiz
+				then	PATH=$OPATH $verb $obj $x
+				else	echo "I don't know how to \"$verb\"."
+					echo 'Type "help" for assistance.'
+				fi
+			else	echo 'Say something!'
+			fi
+			;;
+	esac
+done
diff --git a/examples/scripts/bcsh.sh b/examples/scripts/bcsh.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b810cab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/bcsh.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,1254 @@
+# 1-Feb-86 09:37:35-MST,30567;000000000001
+# Return-Path: <unix-sources-request@BRL.ARPA>
+# Received: from BRL-TGR.ARPA by SIMTEL20.ARPA with TCP; Sat 1 Feb 86 09:36:16-MST
+# Received: from usenet by TGR.BRL.ARPA id a002623; 1 Feb 86 9:33 EST
+# From: chris <chris@globetek.uucp>
+# Newsgroups: net.sources
+# Subject: Improved Bcsh (Bourne Shell Cshell-Emulator)
+# Message-ID: <219@globetek.UUCP>
+# Date: 30 Jan 86 17:34:26 GMT
+# To:       unix-sources@BRL-TGR.ARPA
+#
+# This is a new, improved version of my Bourne shell cshell-emulator.
+# The code has been cleaned up quite a bit, and a couple of new features
+# added (now supports 'noclobber' and 'iclobber' variables).  A bug with
+# 'eval' that caused "illegal I/O" error messages on vanilla V7 shells has
+# also been fixed.
+
+# I have posted the program in its entirety because a context diff of the
+# old and new versions was longer than the new version...
+
+# --Chris
+#	Bcsh -- A Simple Cshell-Like Command Pre-Processor For The Bourne Shell
+#
+#	"Copyright (c) Chris Robertson, December 1985"
+#
+#	This software may be used for any purpose provided the original
+#	copyright notice and this notice are affixed thereto.  No warranties of
+#	any kind whatsoever are provided with this software, and it is hereby
+#	understood that the author is not liable for any damagages arising
+#	from the use of this software.
+#
+#	Features Which the Cshell Does Not Have:
+#	----------------------------------------
+#
+#	+  command history persists across bcsh sessions
+# 	+  global last-command editing via 'g^string1^string2^' syntax
+#	+  edit any command via $EDITOR or $VISUAL editors
+#	+  history file name, .bcshrc file name, alias file name, and number
+#	   of commands saved on termination can be set by environment variables
+#	+  prompt may evaluate commands, such as `pwd`, `date`, etc.
+#	+  the whole text of interactive 'for' and 'while' loops and 'if'
+#	   statements goes into the history list and may be re-run or edited
+#	+  multiple copies of commands and requests to see command history
+#	   are not added to the history list
+#	+  the history mechanism actually stores all commands entered in a
+#	   current session, not just $history of them.  This means that you
+#	   can increase $history on the fly and at once have a larger history.
+#
+#
+#	Synonyms:
+#	---------
+#
+#	logout, exit, bye	write out history file and exit
+#	h, history		show current history list
+#	
+#	
+#	Aliases:
+#	--------
+#
+#	alias NAME CMND		create an alias called NAME to run CMND
+#	unalias NAME		remove the alias NAME
+#
+#	There are no 'current-session only' aliases -- all alias and unalias
+#	commands are permanent, and stored in the $aliasfile.
+#
+#	If an alias contains positional variables -- $1, $2, $*, etc. -- any
+#	arguments following the alias name are considered to be values for
+#	those variables, and the alias is turned into a command of the form
+#	'set - arguments;alias'.  Otherwise, a simple substitution is performed
+#	for the alias and the rest of the command preserved.  The cshell
+#	convention of using '\!:n' in an alias to get bits of the current
+#	command is mercifully abandoned.
+#
+#	Quotes are not necessary around the commands comprising an alias;
+#	in fact, any enclosing quotes are stripped when the alias is added
+#	to the file.
+#
+#	A couple of typical aliases might be:
+#
+#		goto	cd $1;pwd
+#		l	ls -F
+#
+#	Note that aliasing something to "commands;logout" will not work -- if
+#	you want something to happen routinely on logout put it in the file
+#	specified by $logoutfile, default = $HOME/.blogout.
+#
+#
+#	Command Substitutions:
+#	----------------------
+#
+#	!!			substitute last command from history list
+#	!!:N			substitute Nth element of last command from
+#				history list -- 0 = command name, 1 = 1st arg
+# 	!!:$			substitute last element of last command from
+#				history list
+# 	!!:*			substitute all arguments to last command
+#				from history list
+#	!NUMBER			substitute command NUMBER from the history list
+#	!NUMBER:N		as above, but substitute Nth element, where
+#				0 = command name, 1 = 1st arg, etc.
+# 	!NUMBER:$		as above, but substitute last element
+# 	!NUMBER:*		as above, but substitute all arguments
+#	!-NUMBER		substitute the command NUMBER lines from the
+#				end of the history list; 1 = last command
+#	!-NUMBER:N		as above, but substitute Nth element, where
+#				0 = command name, 1 = 1st arg, etc.
+# 	!-NUMBER:$		as above, but substitute last element
+# 	!-NUMBER:*		as above, but substitute all arguments
+#	!?STRING		substitute most-recent command from history list
+#				containing STRING -- STRING must be enclosed in
+#				braces if followed by any other characters
+#	!?STRING:N		as above, but substitute Nth element, where
+#				0 = command name, 1 = 1st arg, etc.
+# 	!?STRING:$		as above, but substitute last element	
+# 	!?STRING:*		as above, but substitute all arguments
+#
+#
+#	Command Editing:
+#	----------------
+#
+#	CMND~e			edit CMND using $EDITOR, where CMND may be found
+#				using a history substitution
+#	CMND~v			edit CMND using $VISUAL, where CMND may be found
+#				using a history substitution
+# "	^string1^string2^	substitute string2 for string1 in last command"
+#				command and run it
+# "	g^string1^string2^	globally substitute string2 for string1 in  "
+#				last command and run it
+# 	!NUMBER:s/string1/string2/
+#				substitute string2 for string1 in
+#				command NUMBER and run it
+# 	!NUMBER:gs/string1/string2/
+#				globally substitute string2 for string1 in
+#				command NUMBER and run it
+# 	!?STRING:s/string1/string2/
+#				substitute string2 for string1 in last command
+#				containing STRING and run it
+# 	!?STRING:gs/string1/string2/
+#				globally substitute string2 for string1 in last
+#				command containing STRING and run it
+#	
+#	Any command which ends in the string ":p" is treated as a normal
+#	command until all substitutions have been completed.  The trailing
+#	":p" is then stripped, and the command is simply echoed and added to
+#	the history list instead of being executed.
+#
+#	None of the other colon extensions of the cshell are supported.
+#
+#
+#	Shell Environment Variables:
+#	----------------------------
+#
+#	EDITOR		editor used by ~e command, default = "ed"
+#	VISUAL		editor used by ~v command, default = "vi"
+#	MAIL		your system mailbox
+#	PAGER		paging program used by history command, default = "more"
+#	PS1		primary prompt
+#	PS2		secondary prompt
+#	history		number of commands in history list, default = 22
+#	histfile	file history list is saved in, default = $HOME/.bhistory
+#	savehist	number of commands remembered from last bcsh session
+#	aliasfile	file of aliased commands, default = $HOME/.baliases
+#	logoutfile	file of commands to be executed before termination
+#	inc_cmdno	yes/no -- keep track of command numbers or not
+#	noclobber	if set, existing files are not overwritten by '>'
+#	iclobber	if both noclobber and iclobber are set, the user is
+#			prompted for confirmation before existing files are
+#			overwritten by '>'
+#
+#	Note:	if you are setting either noclobber or iclobber mid-session,
+#		set them to 'yes'
+#
+#
+#	Regular Shell Variables:
+#	------------------------
+#
+#	Shell variables may be set via Bourne or cshell syntax, e.g., both
+#	"set foo=bar" and "foo=bar" set a variable called "foo" with the value
+#	"bar".  However, all variables are automatically set as environment
+#	variables, so there is no need to export them.  Conversely, there
+#	are NO local variables.  Sorry, folks.
+#
+#	A cshell-style "setenv" command is turned into a regular "set" command.
+#
+#
+#	The Prompt:
+#	----------
+#
+#	You may, if you wish, have a command executed in your prompt.  If
+#	the variable PS1 contains a dollar sign or a backquote, it is
+#	evaluated and the result used as the prompt, provided the evaluation
+#	did not produce a "not found" error message.  The two special cases
+#	of PS1 consisting solely of "$" or "$ " are handled correctly.  For
+#	example, to have the prompt contain the current directory followed
+#	by a space, enter:
+#
+#		PS1=\'echo "`pwd` "\'
+#
+#	You need the backslashed single quotes to prevent the command being
+#	evaluated by the variable-setting mechanism and the shell before it
+#	is assigned to PS1.
+#
+#	To include the command number in your prompt, enter the command:
+#
+#		PS1=\'echo "$cmdno "\'
+#
+#
+#	Shell Control-Flow Syntax:
+#	--------------------------
+#
+#	'While', 'for', 'case', and 'if' commands entered in Bourne shell
+#	syntax are executed as normal.
+#
+#	A valiant attempt is made to convert 'foreach' loops into 'for' loops,
+#	cshell-syntax 'while' loops into Bourne shell syntax, and 'switch'
+#	statements into 'case' statements.  I cannot guarantee to always get it
+#	right.  If you forget the 'do' in a 'while' or 'for' loop, or finish
+#	them with 'end' instead of 'done', this will be corrected.
+#
+#	Note that cshell-to-Bourne control flow conversions do not take place
+#	if control is nested -- e.g., a 'foreach' inside a 'while' will fail.
+#
+#	The simple-case cshell "if (condition) command" is turned into Bourne
+#	syntax.  Other 'if' statements are left alone apart from making the
+#	'then' a separate statement, because constructing a valid interactive
+#	cshell 'if' statement is essentially an exercise in frustration anyway.
+#	The cshell and Bourne shell have sufficiently different ideas about
+#	conditions that if is probably best to resign yourself to learning
+#	the Bourne shell conventions.
+#
+#	Note that since most of the testing built-ins of the cshell are
+#	not available in the Bourne shell, a complex condition in a 'while'
+#	loop or an 'if' statement will probably fail.
+#	
+#
+#	Bugs, Caveats, etc.:
+#	--------------------
+#
+#	This is not a super-speedy program.  Be patient, especially on startup.
+#
+#	To the best of my knowledge this program should work on ANY Bourne
+#	shell -- note that if your shell does not understand 'echo -n' you
+#	will have to re-set the values of '$n' and '$c'.
+#
+#	This program may run out of stack space on a 16-bit machine where
+#	/bin/sh is not split-space.
+#
+#	Mail checking is done every 10 commands if $MAIL is set in your
+#	environment.  For anything fancier, you will have to hack the code.
+#
+#	Because commands are stuffed in a file before sh is invoked on them,
+#	error messages from failed commands are ugly.
+#
+#	Failed history substitutions either give nothing at all, or a
+#	"not found" style of error message.
+#
+#	A command history is kept whether you want it or not.  This may be
+#	perceived as a bug or a feature, depending on which side of bed you
+#	got out on.
+#
+#	If you want a real backslash in a command, you will have to type two
+# 	of them  because the shell swallows the first backslash in the initial
+# 	command pickup.  This means that to include a non-history '!' in a
+#	command you need '\\!' -- a real wart, especially for net mail,
+#	but unavoidable.
+#
+#	Commands containing an '@' will break all sorts of things.
+#
+#	Very complex history substitutions may fail.
+#
+#	File names containing numbers may break numeric history sustitutions.
+#
+#	Commands containing bizzare sequences of characters may conflict
+#	with internal kludges.
+#
+#	Aliasing something to "commands;logout" will not work -- if you
+#	want something to happen routinely on logout, put it in the file
+#	specified by $logoutfile, default = $HOME/.blogout.
+#
+#	Please send all bug reports to ihnp4!utzoo!globetek!chris.
+#	Flames will be posted to net.general with 'Reply-to' set to your
+# '	path...  :-)							'
+#
+#
+#
+#		************* VERY IMPORTANT NOTICE *************
+#
+# If your shell supports # comments, then REPLACE all the colon 'comments'
+# with # comments.  If it does not, then REMOVE all the 'comment' lines from the
+# working copy of the file, as it will run MUCH faster -- the shell evaluates
+# lines starting with a colon but does not actually execute them, so you will
+# save the read-and-evaluate time by removing them.
+
+case "`echo -n foo`" in
+	-n*)
+		n=
+		c="\c"
+		;;
+	foo)
+		n=-n
+		c=
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo "Your 'echo' command is broken."
+		exit 1
+		;;
+esac
+history=${history-22}
+savehist=${savehist-22}
+histfile=${histfile-$HOME/.bhistory}
+logoutfile=${logoutfile-$HOME/.blogout}
+EDITOR=${EDITOR-ed}
+VISUAL=${VISUAL-vi}
+PAGER=${PAGER-more}
+
+aliasfile=${aliasfile-$HOME/.baliases}
+
+# the alias file may contain 1 blank line, so a test -s will not work
+
+case "`cat $aliasfile 2> /dev/null`" in
+	"")
+		doalias=no
+		;;
+	*)
+		doalias=yes
+		;;
+esac
+
+if test -s "${sourcefile-$HOME/.bcshrc}"
+	then
+	. ${sourcefile-$HOME/.bcshrc}
+fi
+
+if test -s "$histfile"
+	then
+	cmdno="`set - \`wc -l $histfile\`;echo $1`"
+	cmdno="`expr \"$cmdno\" + 1`"
+	lastcmd="`sed -n '$p' $histfile`"
+	copy=false
+	ohist=$histfile
+	while test ! -w "$histfile"
+		do
+		echo "Cannot write to history file '$histfile'."
+		echo $n "Please enter a new history filename: $c"
+		read histfile
+		copy=true
+	done
+	if $copy
+		then
+		cp $ohist $histfile
+	fi
+else
+	cat /dev/null > $histfile
+	cmdno=1
+	lastcmd=
+fi
+
+# keep track of command number as the default
+
+inc_cmdno=${inc_cmdo-yes}
+
+# default prompts -- PS1 and PS2 may be SET but EMPTY, so '${PS1-% }' syntax
+# is not used here
+
+case "$PS1" in
+	"")					
+		PS1="% "
+		;;				
+esac
+case "$PS2" in
+	"")					
+		PS2="> "
+		;;				
+esac
+
+export histfile savehist history aliasfile EDITOR VISUAL PAGER cmdno PS1 PS2
+
+case "$MAIL" in
+	"")
+		;;
+	*)
+		if [ -f $MAIL ]; then
+			mailsize=`set - \`wc -c $MAIL\`;echo $1`
+		else
+			mailsize=0
+		fi
+		;;
+esac
+
+trap ':' 2
+trap exit 3
+trap "tail -n $savehist $histfile>/tmp/hist$$;uniq /tmp/hist$$ > $histfile;\
+rm -f /tmp/*$$;exit 0" 15
+
+getcmd=yes
+mailcheck=
+exclaim=
+echoit=
+mailprompt=
+
+while :
+do
+
+	run=yes
+	case "$mailprompt" in
+		"")
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "$mailprompt"
+			;;
+	esac
+	case "$getcmd" in
+	yes)
+		: guess if the prompt should be evaluated or not
+		case "$PS1" in
+		\$|\$\ )
+			echo $n "$PS1$c"
+				;;
+		*\`*|*\$*)
+			tmp="`(eval $PS1) 2>&1`"
+			case "$tmp" in
+			*not\ found)			
+				echo $n "$PS1$c"
+				;;			
+			*)				
+				echo $n "$tmp$c"
+				;;			
+			esac
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo $n "$PS1$c"
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		read cmd || cmd="exit"
+		;;
+	*)	;;
+	esac
+
+	case "$MAIL" in
+	"")
+		;;
+	*)
+		: check for mail every 10 commands
+		case "$mailcheck" in
+		1111111111)
+			mailcheck=
+			if [ -f $MAIL ]; then
+				newsize="`set - \`wc -c $MAIL\`;echo $1`"
+			else
+				newsize=0
+			fi
+			if test "$newsize" -gt "$mailsize"; then
+				mailprompt="You have new mail"
+			else
+				mailprompt=
+			fi
+			mailsize=$newsize
+			;;
+		*)
+			mailcheck=1$mailcheck
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	esac
+	hist=no
+
+	case "$cmd" in
+	"")
+		continue
+		;;
+	sh)
+		sh
+		run=no
+		;;
+	!!)
+		cmd=$lastcmd
+		echoit=yes
+		getcmd=no
+		continue
+		;;
+	*:p)
+		cmd="`expr \"$cmd\" : '\(.*\):p'` +~+p"
+		getcmd=no
+		continue
+		;;
+	foreach[\ \	]*)
+		while test "$line" != "end"; do
+			echo $n "$PS2$c"
+			read line
+			cmd="${cmd};$line"
+		done
+		echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$
+		ed - /tmp/bcsh$$ << ++++
+		s/end/done/
+		s/foreach[ 	]\(.*\)(/for \1 in /
+		s/)//
+		s/;/;do /
+		w
+++++
+		;;
+	for[\ \	]*|while[\ \	]*)
+		# try to catch the most common cshell-to-Bourne-shell
+		# mistakes
+
+		echo $n "$PS2$c"
+		read line
+		case "$line" in
+		*do)
+			line="do :"
+			;;
+		*do*)
+			;;
+		*)
+			line="do $line"
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		cmd="${cmd};$line"
+		while test "$line" != "done"  && test "$line" != "end"
+		do
+			echo $n "$PS2$c"
+			read line
+			case "$line" in
+			end)
+				line=done
+				;;
+			esac
+			cmd="${cmd};$line"
+		done
+		echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$
+		;;
+	if[\ \	]*)
+		while test "$line" != "fi" && test "$line" != "endif"
+		do
+			echo $n "$PS2$c"
+			read line
+			case "$line" in
+			*[a-z]*then)
+				line="`expr \"$line\" : '\(.*\)then'`;then"
+				;;
+			endif)
+				line=fi
+				;;
+			esac
+			cmd="${cmd};$line"
+		done
+		echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$
+		case "`grep then /tmp/bcsh$$`" in
+		"")
+			# fix 'if foo bar' cases
+
+			ed - /tmp/bcsh$$ << ++++
+			s/)/);then/
+			s/.*/;fi/
+			w
+++++
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	case[\ \	]*)
+		while test "$line" != "esac"
+		do
+			echo $n "$PS2$c"
+			read line
+			cmd="${cmd}@$line"
+		done
+		cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | tr '@' ' '`"
+		echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$
+		;;
+	switch[\ \	]*)
+		while test "$line" != "endsw"
+		do
+			echo $n "$PS2$c"
+			read line
+			cmd="${cmd}@$line"
+		done
+		echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$
+		ed - /tmp/bcsh$$ << '++++'
+		1,$s/@/\
+/g
+		g/switch.*(/s//case "/
+		s/)/" in/
+		1,$s/case[	 ]\(.*\):$/;;\
+	\1)/
+		2d
+		1,$s/endsw/;;\
+esac/
+		g/breaksw/s///
+		1,$s/default.*/;;\
+	*)/
+		w
+++++
+		cmd="`cat /tmp/bcsh$$`"
+		;;
+	*!*)
+		hist=yes
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	case "$hist" in
+	yes)
+		# deal with genuine exclamation marks, go back and parse again
+
+		case "$cmd" in
+		*\>![\ \	]*|*\\!*)
+			cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | sed -e 's@\\!@REALEXCLAMATIONMARK@g'`"
+			exclaim=yes
+			getcmd=no
+			continue
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		# break command into elements, parse each one
+
+		tmp=
+		for i in $cmd
+		do
+			# find element with !, peel off stuff up to !
+
+			case "$i" in
+			!)
+				# most likely a typo for !!, so fix it
+				front=
+				$i=!!
+				;;
+			!!*)
+				front=
+				i="`expr \"$i\" : '.*\(!!.*\)'`"
+				;;
+			*!!*)
+				front="`expr \"$i\" : '\(.*\)!!.*'`"
+				i="`expr \"$i\" : '.*\(!!.*\)'`"
+				;;
+			!*)
+				front=
+				i="`expr \"$i\" : '.*!\(.*\)'`"
+				;;
+			*)
+				tmp="$tmp$i "
+				continue
+				;;
+			esac
+			case "$i" in
+			!!*)
+				# want last command
+
+				rest="`expr \"$i\" : '!!\(.*\)'`"
+				i=$lastcmd
+				;;
+			-*)
+				# we want to search back through the history list
+
+				case "$i" in
+				-)
+					rest="`expr \"$i\" : '-\(.*\)'`"
+					i=$lastcmd
+					;;
+				-[0-9]*)
+					wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '-\([0-9][0-9]*\).*'`"
+					rest="`expr \"$i\" : '-[0-9][0-9]*\(.*\)'`"
+					i="`tail -n $wanted $histfile | sed -e "1q"`"
+					;;
+				esac
+				;;
+			[0-9]*)
+				# find which number command is wanted
+
+				wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '\([0-9][0-9]*\).*'`"
+				rest="`expr \"$i\" : '[0-9][0-9]*\(.*\)'`"
+				i="`grep -n . $histfile | grep \"^$wanted\"`"
+				i="`expr \"$i\" : \"${wanted}.\(.*\)\"`"
+				;;
+			\?*)
+
+				# find which 'command-contains' match is wanted
+
+				case "$i" in
+				\?{*}*)
+					wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '?{\(.*\)}.*'`"
+					rest="`expr \"$i\" : '?.*}\(.*\)'`"
+					;;
+				\?*:*)
+					wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '?\(.*\):.*'`"
+					rest="`expr \"$i\" : '?.*\(:.*\)'`"
+					;;
+				\?*)
+					wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '?\(.*\)'`"
+					rest=
+					;;
+				esac
+				i="`grep \"$wanted\" $histfile | sed -n '$p'`"
+				;;
+			*)
+				# find which 'start-of-command' match is wanted
+
+				case "$i" in
+				{*}*)
+					wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '{\(.*\)}.*'`"
+					rest="`expr \"$i\" : '.*}\(.*\)'`"
+					;;
+				*:*)
+					wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '\(.*\):.*'`"
+					rest="`expr \"$i\" : '.*\(:.*\)'`"
+					;;
+				*)
+					wanted="$i"
+					rest=
+					;;
+				esac
+				i="`grep \"^$wanted\" $histfile | sed -n '$p'`"
+				;;
+			esac
+
+			# see if we actually found anything to substitute
+
+			case "$i" in
+			"")
+				badsub="Event not found"
+				break
+				;;
+			*)
+				badsub=no
+				;;
+			esac
+
+			case "$rest" in
+			"")
+				tmp="$front$tmp$i "
+				continue
+				;;
+			:[0-9]*)
+				# find which element of $i is wanted
+
+				number="`expr \"$rest\" : ':\([0-9][0-9]*\).*'`"
+				rest="`expr \"$rest\" : ':[0-9][0-9]*\(.*\)'`"
+
+				# count through $i till we get to the
+				# right element
+
+				counter=0
+				for element in $i
+				do
+					case "$counter" in
+					$number)
+						break
+						;;
+					*)
+						counter="`expr \"$counter\" + 1`"
+						# counter=$[ $counter + 1 ]
+						;;
+					esac
+				done
+				case "$counter" in
+				$number)
+					badsub=no
+					;;
+				*)
+					badsub="Bad command element"
+					break
+					;;
+				esac
+				tmp="$tmp$front$element$rest "
+				continue
+				;;
+			:\$*)
+				# spin through $i till we hit the last element
+
+				rest="`expr \"$rest\" : ':\$\(.*\)'`"
+				for element in $i
+				do
+					:
+				done
+				tmp="$tmp$front$element$rest "
+				continue
+				;;
+			:\**)
+				# we want all elements except the command itself
+
+				rest="`expr \"$rest\" : ':\*\(.*\)'`"
+				save=$i
+				set - $i
+				shift
+				case "$*" in
+				"")
+					badsub="No arguments to command '$save'"
+					break
+					;;
+				*)
+					badsub=no
+					;;
+				esac
+				tmp="$tmp$front$*$rest "
+				continue
+				;;
+			:s*|:gs*)
+				# we are doing a substitution
+				# put / on end if needed
+
+				case "$rest" in
+				:s/*/*/*|:gs/*/*/*)
+					;;
+				:s/*/*|:gs/*/*)
+					rest="${rest}/"
+					;;
+				esac
+
+				# find what substitution is wanted
+
+				first="`expr \"$rest\" : ':*s\/\(.*\)\/.*\/.*'`"
+				second="`expr \"$i\" : ':*s/.*/\(.*\)/.*'`"
+
+				# see if it is a global substitution
+
+				case "$rest" in
+				:gs*)
+					global=g
+					;;
+				:s*)
+					global=
+					;;
+				esac
+				rest="`expr \"$rest\" : '.*/.*/.*/\(.*\)'`"
+				i="`echo \"$i\" | sed -e \"s@$first@$second@$global\"`"
+
+				# see if subsitution worked
+
+				case "$i" in
+				"")
+					badsub="Substiution failed"
+					break
+					;;
+				*)
+					badsub=no
+					;;
+				esac
+				tmp="$tmp$front$i$rest "
+				continue
+				;;
+			*)
+				tmp="$tmp$front$i$rest "
+				;;
+			esac
+		done
+		case "$badsub" in
+		no)
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "$badsub"
+			badsub=no
+			continue
+			;;
+		esac
+		cmd="$tmp"
+		echoit=yes
+		getcmd=no
+		continue
+		;;
+	*)
+		run=yes
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	case "$cmd" in
+	*\^*\^*\^*)
+		# see if the substitution is global
+		case "$cmd" in
+		g*)
+			global=g
+			;;
+		*)
+			global=
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		# put a '^' on the end if necessary
+		case "$cmd" in
+		*\^)
+			;;
+		*)
+			cmd="${cmd}^"
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		# find what substitution is wanted
+
+		first="`expr \"$cmd\" : '*\^\(.*\)\^.*\^.*'`"
+		second="`expr \"$cmd\" : '*\^.*\^\(.*\)\^.*'`"
+		rest="`expr \"$cmd\" : '*\^.*\^.*\^\(.*\)'`"
+		cmd="`echo \"$lastcmd\" | sed -e \"s@$first@$second@$global\"`$rest"
+
+		# see if the substitution worked
+
+		case "$cmd" in
+		"")
+			echo "Substitution failed"
+			continue
+			;;
+		esac
+		echoit=yes
+		getcmd=no
+		continue
+		;;
+	*~e)
+		echo "$cmd" | sed -e "s@~e@@" > /tmp/bcsh$$
+		$EDITOR /tmp/bcsh$$
+		cmd="`cat /tmp/bcsh$$`"
+		getcmd=no
+		continue
+		;;
+	*~v)
+		echo "$cmd" | sed -e "s@~v@@" > /tmp/bcsh$$
+		echo "$lastcmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$
+		$VISUAL /tmp/bcsh$$
+		cmd="`cat /tmp/bcsh$$`"
+		getcmd=no
+		continue
+		;;
+	exec[\ \	]*)
+		tail -n $savehist $histfile>/tmp/hist$$
+		uniq /tmp/hist$$ > $histfile
+		rm -f /tmp/*$$
+		echo $cmd > /tmp/cmd$$
+		. /tmp/cmd$$
+		;;
+	login[\ \	]*|newgrp[\ \	]*)
+		tail -n $savehist $histfile>/tmp/hist$$
+		uniq /tmp/hist$$ > $histfile
+		rm -f /tmp/*$$
+		echo $cmd > /tmp/cmd$$
+		. /tmp/cmd$$
+		;;
+	logout|exit|bye)
+		if test -s "$logoutfile"
+			then
+			# sh $logoutfile
+			$SHELL $logoutfile
+		fi
+		tail -n $savehist $histfile > /tmp/hist$$
+		uniq /tmp/hist$$ > $histfile
+		rm -f /tmp/*$$
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	h|history)
+		grep -n . $histfile | tail -n $history | sed -e 's@:@	@' | $PAGER
+		continue
+		;;
+	h[\ \	]\|*|h[\ \	]\>*|h\|*|h\>*)
+		cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | sed -e \"s@h@grep -n . $histfile | tail -n $history | sed -e 's@:@	@'@\"`"
+		getcmd=no
+		continue
+		;;
+	history[\ \	]*\|*|history[\ \	]*\>*)
+		cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | sed -e \"s@history@grep -n . $histfile | tail -n $history | sed -e 's@:@ @'@\"`"
+		getcmd=no
+		continue
+		;;
+	source[\ \	]*)
+		set - $cmd
+		shift
+		echo . $*  > /tmp/cmd$$
+		. /tmp/cmd$$
+		run=no
+		;;
+	wait)
+		wait
+		run=no
+		;;
+	.[\ \	]*)
+		echo $cmd > /tmp/cmd$$
+		. /tmp/cmd$$
+		run=no
+		;;
+	cd|cd[\ \	]*)
+		# check if it will work first, or else this shell will terminate
+		# if the cd dies.  If you have a built-in test, you might want
+		# to replace the try-it-and-see below with a couple of tests,
+		# but it is probably just as fast like this.
+
+		echo $cmd > /tmp/cmd$$
+		if ($SHELL /tmp/cmd$$) ; then
+			. /tmp/cmd$$
+		fi
+		run=no
+		;;
+	awk[\ \	]*|dd[\ \	]*|cc[\ \	]*|make[\ \	]*)
+		# these are the only commands I can think of whose syntax
+		# includes an equals sign.  Add others as you find them.
+
+		echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$
+		;;
+	setenv*|*=*)
+		# handle setting shell variables, turning cshell syntax to Bourne
+		# syntax -- note all variables must be exported or they will not
+		# be usable in other commands
+
+		echo "$cmd" > /tmp/cmd$$
+		ed - /tmp/cmd$$ << ++++
+		g/^setenv[ 	]/s/[ 	]/@/
+		g/^setenv@/s/[ 	]/=/
+		g/^setenv@/s///
+		g/^set/s///
+		.t.
+		\$s/=.*//
+		s/^/export /
+		w
+++++
+		. /tmp/cmd$$
+		rm -f /tmp/cmd$$
+		run=no
+		;;
+	unset[\ \	]*|umask[\ \	]*|export[\ \	]*|set[\ \	]*)
+		# handle commands which twiddle current environment
+
+		$cmd
+		run=no
+		;;
+	alias|alias[\ \	])
+		if [ -f $aliasfile ]; then
+			$PAGER $aliasfile
+		fi
+		lastcmd=$cmd
+		run=no
+		continue
+		;;
+	alias[\ \	]*)
+		case "$cmd" in
+		alias[\ \	]\|*|alias[\ \	]\>*)
+			cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | sed -e \"s@alias@cat $aliasfile@\"`"
+			getcmd=no
+			continue
+			;;
+		alias[\ \	]*[\ \	]*)
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "Syntax: alias name command"
+			cmd=
+			continue
+			;;
+		esac
+		set - $cmd
+		shift
+		cmd="$*"
+
+		# make sure there is always 1 blank line in file so
+		# unaliasing will always work -- ed normally refuses
+		# to write an empty file
+		echo "" >> $aliasfile
+		cat << ++++ >> $aliasfile
+$cmd
+++++
+
+#		ed - $aliasfile << '++++'
+#		g/alias[ 	]/s///
+#		g/^['"]\(.*\)['"]$/s//\1/
+#		g/^/s//alias	/
+#		w
+#++++
+
+		sort -u -o $aliasfile $aliasfile
+		doalias=yes
+		cmd="alias $cmd"
+		run=no
+		;;
+	unalias[\ \	]*)
+		set - $cmd
+		case "$#" in
+		2)
+			cmd=$2
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "Syntax: unalias alias_name"
+			continue
+			;;
+		esac
+		ed - $aliasfile << ++++
+		/^$cmd[ 	]/d
+		w
+++++
+		case "`set - \`wc -l $aliasfile\`;echo $1`" in
+		1)
+			# just removed last alias
+			doalias=no
+			;;
+		esac
+		run=no
+		;;
+	*)
+		case "$doalias" in
+		yes)
+			set - $cmd
+			tmp="`grep \"^$1 \" $aliasfile`"
+			case "$tmp" in
+			$1[\ \	]*)
+				shift
+				cmd=$*
+				set - $tmp
+				shift
+				tmp=$*
+				case "$tmp" in
+				*\$*)
+					# uses positional variables
+
+					cmd="set - $cmd ; $tmp"
+					getcmd=no
+					continue
+					;;
+				*)
+					cmd="$tmp $cmd"
+					getcmd=no
+					continue
+					;;
+				esac
+				;;
+			*)
+				echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$
+				;;
+			esac
+			;;
+		no)
+			echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	case "$cmd" in
+	*+~+p)
+		cmd="`expr \"$cmd\" : '\(.*\)+~+p'`"
+		echoit=yes
+		run=no
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	case "$cmd" in
+	"")
+		continue
+		;;
+	*)
+		case "$exclaim" in
+		yes)
+			cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | sed -e 's@REALEXCLAMATIONMARK@!@g'`"
+			echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$
+			;;
+		esac
+		case "$echoit" in
+		yes)
+			echo $cmd
+			;;
+		esac
+		case "$run" in
+		yes)
+			case "${noclobber+yes}" in
+			yes)
+				case "$cmd" in
+				*\>![\ \	]*)
+					ed - /tmp/bcsh$$ << ++++
+					g/>!/s//>/
+					w
+++++
+					;;
+				*\>\>*)
+					;;
+				*\>*)
+					outfile="`expr \"$cmd\" : '.*>\(.*\)'`"
+					case "$outfile" in
+					\&*)
+						;;
+					*)
+						set - $outfile
+						outfile="$1"
+						if test -s "$outfile"
+						then
+							case "${iclobber+yes}" in
+							yes)
+								echo $n "Overwrite ${outfile}? $c"
+								read answer
+								case "$answer" in
+								y*)
+									;;
+								*)
+									echo ':' > /tmp/bcsh$$
+									;;
+								esac
+								;;
+							*)
+								echo "${outfile}: file exists"
+								echo ':' > /tmp/bcsh$$
+								;;
+							esac
+						fi
+						;;
+					esac
+					;;
+				esac
+				;;
+			*)
+				case "$cmd" in
+				*\>![\ \	]*)
+					ed - /tmp/bcsh$$ << ++++
+					g/>!/s//>/g
+					w
+++++
+					;;
+				esac
+				;;
+			esac
+			(trap 'exit 1' 2 3; $BASH /tmp/bcsh$$)
+			;;
+		esac
+		case "$cmd" in
+		$lastcmd)
+			;;
+		*)
+			case "$exclaim" in
+			yes)
+				cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | sed -e 's@!@\\\\!@g'`"
+				;;
+			esac
+
+			cat << ++++ >> $histfile
+$cmd
+++++
+			lastcmd=$cmd
+
+			case "$inc_cmdno" in
+			yes)
+				cmdno="`expr \"$cmdno\" + 1`"
+				# cmdno=$[$cmdno + 1]
+				;;
+			esac
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# The next commented-out line sets the prompt to include the command
+	# number -- you should only un-comment this if it is the ONLY thing
+	# you ever want as your prompt, because it will override attempts
+	# to set PS1 from the command level.  If you want the command number
+	# in your prompt without sacrificing the ability to change the prompt
+	# later, replace the default setting for PS1 before the beginning of
+	# the main loop with the following:  PS1='echo -n "${cmdno}% "'
+	# Doing it this way is, however, slower than the simple version below.
+	 
+	PS1="${cmdno}% "
+
+	getcmd=yes
+	echoit=no
+	exclaim=no
+done
+exit 0
+
+# Christine Robertson  {linus, ihnp4, decvax}!utzoo!globetek!chris
diff --git a/examples/scripts/cat.sh b/examples/scripts/cat.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78106b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/cat.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+shcat()
+{
+	while read -r ; do
+		echo "$REPLY"
+	done
+}
+
+if [ -n "$1" ]; then
+	shcat < "$1"
+else
+	shcat
+fi
diff --git a/examples/scripts/center b/examples/scripts/center
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d367d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/center
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# center - center a group of lines
+#
+# tabs in the lines might cause this to look a little bit off
+#
+#
+
+width=${COLUMNS:-80}
+
+if [[ $# == 0 ]]
+then
+	set -- /dev/stdin
+fi
+
+for file
+do
+	while read -r
+	do
+		printf "%*s\n" $(( (width+${#REPLY})/2 )) "$REPLY"
+	done < $file
+done
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/examples/scripts/dd-ex.sh b/examples/scripts/dd-ex.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fafc83f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/dd-ex.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# this is a line editor using only /bin/sh, /bin/dd and /bin/rm
+
+# /bin/rm is not really required, but it is nice to clean up temporary files
+
+PATH=
+dd=/bin/dd
+rm=/bin/rm
+
+# temporary files we might need
+tmp=/tmp/silly.$$
+ed=/tmp/ed.$$
+trap "$rm -f $tmp $tmp.1 $tmp.2 $tmp.3 $tmp.4 $tmp.5 $tmp.6 $ed.a $ed.b $ed.c; exit" 0 1 2 3
+
+# from now on, no more rm - the above trap is enough
+unset rm
+
+# we do interesting things with IFS, but better save it...
+saveIFS="$IFS"
+
+# in case "echo" is not a shell builtin...
+
+Echo () {
+case "$1" in
+  -n) shift
+      $dd of=$tmp 2>/dev/null <<EOF 
+$@
+EOF
+      IFS="+"
+      set `$dd if=$tmp bs=1 of=/dev/null skip=1 2>&1`
+      IFS="$saveIFS"
+      $dd if=$tmp bs=1 count=$1 2>/dev/null
+      ;;
+  *)  $dd 2>/dev/null <<EOF 
+$@
+EOF
+      ;;
+esac
+}
+
+# this is used to generate garbage files
+
+true () {
+  return 0
+}
+
+false () {
+  return 1
+}
+
+zero () {
+  ( trap 'go=false' 13
+    go=true
+    while $go
+    do
+      $dd "if=$0"
+      case "$?" in
+	0) ;;
+	*) go=false ;;
+      esac
+    done
+  ) 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# arithmetic using dd!
+
+# add variable n1 n2 n3...
+# assigns n1+n2+n3+... to variable
+
+add () {
+  result="$1"
+  shift
+  $dd if=/dev/null of=$tmp bs=1 2>/dev/null
+  for n in "$@"
+  do
+    case "$n" in
+      0) ;;
+      *) zero | $dd of=$tmp.1 bs=1 "count=$n" 2>/dev/null
+	 ( $dd if=$tmp; $dd if=$tmp.1 ) 2>/dev/null | $dd of=$tmp.2 2>/dev/null
+	 $dd if=$tmp.2 of=$tmp 2>/dev/null
+	 ;;
+    esac
+  done
+  IFS="+"
+  set `$dd if=$tmp bs=1 of=/dev/null 2>&1`
+  IFS="$saveIFS"
+  eval $result='$1'
+}
+
+# subtract variable n1 n2
+# subtracts n2 from n1, assigns result to variable
+
+subtract () {
+  result="$1"
+  zero | $dd of=$tmp bs=1 "count=$2" 2>/dev/null
+  IFS="+"
+  set `$dd if=$tmp bs=1 of=/dev/null "skip=$3" 2>&1`
+  IFS="$saveIFS"
+  case "$1" in
+    dd*) set 0 ;;
+  esac
+  eval $result='$1'
+}
+
+# multiply variable n1 n2
+# variable = n1 * n2
+
+multiply () {
+  result="$1"
+  zero | $dd "bs=$2" of=$tmp "count=$3" 2>/dev/null
+  IFS="+"
+  set `$dd if=$tmp bs=1 of=/dev/null 2>&1`
+  IFS="$saveIFS"
+  eval $result='$1'
+}
+
+# divide variable n1 n2
+# variable = int( n1 / n2 )
+
+divide () {
+  result="$1"
+  zero | $dd bs=1 of=$tmp "count=$2" 2>/dev/null
+  IFS="+"
+  set `$dd if=$tmp "bs=$3" of=/dev/null 2>&1`
+  IFS="$saveIFS"
+  eval $result='$1'
+}
+
+# compare variable n1 n2 sets variable to lt if n1<n2, gt if n1>n2, eq if n1==n2
+
+compare () {
+  res="$1"
+  n1="$2"
+  n2="$3"
+  subtract somename "$n1" "$n2"
+  case "$somename" in
+    0) ;;
+    *) eval $res=gt; return;
+  esac
+  subtract somename "$n2" "$n1"
+  case "$somename" in
+    0) ;;
+    *) eval $res=lt; return;
+  esac
+  eval $res=eq
+}
+
+# lt n1 n2 returns true if n1 < n2
+
+lt () {
+  n1="$1"
+  n2="$2"
+  subtract somename "$n2" "$n1"
+  case "$somename" in
+    0) return 1 ;;
+  esac
+  return 0
+}
+
+# le n1 n2 returns true if n1 <= n2
+
+le () {
+  n1="$1"
+  n2="$2"
+  subtract somename "$n1" "$n2"
+  case "$somename" in
+    0) return 0 ;;
+  esac
+  return 1
+}
+
+# gt n1 n2 returns true if n1 > n2
+
+gt () {
+  n1="$1"
+  n2="$2"
+  subtract somename "$n1" "$n2"
+  case "$somename" in
+    0) return 1 ;;
+  esac
+  return 0
+}
+
+# ge n1 n2 returns true if n1 >= n2
+
+ge () {
+  n1="$1"
+  n2="$2"
+  subtract somename "$n2" "$n1"
+  case "$somename" in
+    0) return 0 ;;
+  esac
+  return 1
+}
+
+# useful functions for the line editor
+
+# open a file - copy it to the buffers
+
+open () {
+  file="$1"
+  set `$dd "if=$file" of=/dev/null 2>&1`
+  case "$1" in
+    dd*) return 1
+  esac
+  # copy the first line to $ed.c
+  go=true
+  len=0
+  while $go
+  do
+    case "`$dd "if=$file" bs=1 skip=$len count=1 2>/dev/null`" in
+      ?*) go=true ;;
+      *) go=false ;;
+    esac
+    add len 1 $len
+  done
+  # now $len is the length of the first line (including newline)
+  $dd "if=$file" bs=1 count=$len of=$ed.c 2>/dev/null
+  $dd "if=$file" bs=1 skip=$len of=$ed.b 2>/dev/null
+  $dd if=/dev/null of=$ed.a 2>/dev/null
+  lineno=1
+}
+
+# save a file - copy the buffers to the file
+
+save () {
+  # make a backup copy of the original
+  $dd "if=$1" "of=$1.bak" 2>/dev/null
+  # and save
+  ( $dd if=$ed.a; $dd if=$ed.c; $dd if=$ed.b ) > "$1" 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# replace n1 n2 bla replaces n2 chars of current line, starting n1-th
+
+replace () {
+  $dd if=$ed.c of=$tmp.1 bs=1 "count=$1" 2>/dev/null
+  ( $dd if=$ed.c "skip=$1" bs=1 | $dd of=$tmp.2 bs=1 "skip=$2" ) 2>/dev/null
+  shift
+  shift
+  ( $dd if=$tmp.1; Echo -n "$@"; $dd if=$tmp.2 ) > $tmp.3 2>/dev/null
+  $dd if=$tmp.3 of=$ed.c 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# rstring n s bla
+# replace the n-th occurence of s with bla
+
+rstring () {
+  n="$1"
+  shift;
+  # first we have to find it - this is fun!
+  # we have $tmp.4 => text before string, $tmp.5 => text after
+  $dd if=/dev/null of=$tmp.4 2>/dev/null
+  $dd if=$ed.c of=$tmp.5 2>/dev/null
+  string="$1"
+  shift
+  $dd of=$tmp.6 2>/dev/null <<EOF
+$@
+EOF
+  while :
+  do
+    case "`$dd if=$tmp.5 2>/dev/null`" in
+      $string*)
+	  if lt $n 2
+	  then
+	    # now we want to replace the string
+	    Echo -n "$@" > $tmp.2
+	    Echo -n "$string" > $tmp.1
+	    IFS="+"
+	    set `$dd bs=1 if=$tmp.1 of=/dev/null 2>&1`
+	    IFS="$saveIFS"
+	    slen=$1
+	    IFS="+"
+	    ( $dd if=$tmp.4; $dd if=$tmp.2; $dd if=$tmp.5 bs=1 skip=$slen ) \
+		  2>/dev/null > $tmp
+	    $dd if=$tmp of=$ed.c 2>/dev/null
+	    return 0
+	  else
+	    subtract n $n 1
+	    ( $dd if=$tmp.4; $dd if=$tmp.5 bs=1 count=1 ) > $tmp 2>/dev/null
+	    $dd if=$tmp of=$tmp.4 2>/dev/null
+	    # and remove it from $tmp.5
+	    $dd if=$tmp.5 of=$tmp bs=1 skip=1 2>/dev/null
+	    $dd if=$tmp of=$tmp.5 2>/dev/null
+	  fi
+	  ;;
+      ?*) # add one more byte...
+	  ( $dd if=$tmp.4; $dd if=$tmp.5 bs=1 count=1 ) > $tmp 2>/dev/null
+	  $dd if=$tmp of=$tmp.4 2>/dev/null
+	  # and remove it from $tmp.5
+	  $dd if=$tmp.5 of=$tmp bs=1 skip=1 2>/dev/null
+	  $dd if=$tmp of=$tmp.5 2>/dev/null
+	  ;;
+      *)  # not found
+	  return 1
+	  ;;
+    esac
+  done
+}
+
+# skip to next line
+next () {
+  add l $lineno 1
+  ( $dd if=$ed.a; $dd if=$ed.c ) 2>/dev/null > $tmp.3
+  $dd if=$ed.b of=$tmp.4 2>/dev/null
+  open $tmp.4
+  $dd if=$tmp.3 of=$ed.a 2>/dev/null
+  lineno=$l
+}
+
+# delete current line
+delete () {
+  l=$lineno
+  $dd if=$ed.a 2>/dev/null > $tmp.1
+  $dd if=$ed.b of=$tmp.2 2>/dev/null
+  open $tmp.2
+  $dd if=$tmp.1 of=$ed.a 2>/dev/null
+  lineno=$l
+}
+
+# insert before current line (without changing current)
+insert () {
+  ( $dd if=$ed.a; Echo "$@" ) 2>/dev/null > $tmp.1
+  $dd if=$tmp.1 of=$ed.a 2>/dev/null
+  add lineno $lineno 1
+}
+
+# previous line
+prev () {
+  case "$lineno" in
+    1) ;;
+    *) subtract lineno $lineno 1
+       # read last line of $ed.a
+       IFS='+'
+       set `$dd if=$ed.a of=/dev/null bs=1 2>&1`
+       IFS="$saveIFS"
+       size=$1
+       # empty?
+       case "$size" in
+	 0) return ;;
+       esac
+       subtract size $size 1
+       # skip final newline
+       case "$size" in
+	 0) ;;
+	 *) subtract size1 $size 1
+	    case "`$dd if=$ed.a bs=1 skip=$size count=1 2>/dev/null`" in
+	      ?*) ;;
+	      *) size=$size1 ;;
+	    esac
+	    ;;
+       esac
+       go=true
+       while $go
+       do
+	 case "$size" in
+	   0) go=false ;;
+	   *) case "`$dd if=$ed.a bs=1 skip=$size count=1 2>/dev/null`" in
+	        ?*)  go=true; subtract size $size 1 ;;
+	        *)   go=false; add size $size 1 ;;
+	      esac
+	      ;;
+	 esac
+       done
+       # now $size is the size of the first n-1 lines
+       # add $ed.c to $ed.b
+       ( $dd if=$ed.c; $dd if=$ed.b ) 2>/dev/null > $tmp.5
+       $dd if=$tmp.5 of=$ed.b 2>/dev/null
+       # move line to ed.c
+       case "$size" in
+	 0) $dd if=$ed.a of=$ed.c 2>/dev/null
+	    $dd if=/dev/null of=$tmp.5 2>/dev/null
+	    ;;
+	 *) $dd if=$ed.a of=$ed.c bs=1 skip=$size 2>/dev/null
+	    $dd if=$ed.a of=$tmp.5 bs=1 count=$size 2>/dev/null
+	    ;;
+       esac
+       # move rest to ed.a
+       $dd if=$tmp.5 of=$ed.a 2>/dev/null
+    ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+# goes to a given line
+goto () {
+  rl="$1"
+  compare bla "$rl" $lineno
+  case "$bla" in
+    eq) return
+	;;
+    gt) while gt "$rl" $lineno
+	do
+	  next
+	done
+	;;
+    lt) while lt "$rl" $lineno
+	do
+	  prev
+	done
+	;;
+  esac
+}
+
+lineout () {
+  Echo -n "$lineno: "
+  $dd if=$ed.c 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+state=closed
+name=
+autoprint=true
+
+while true
+do
+  Echo -n '> '
+  read cmd arg
+  case "$cmd:$state" in
+    open:open) Echo "There is a file open already" ;;
+    open:*) if open "$arg"
+	    then state=open; name="$arg"; $autoprint
+	    else Echo "Cannot open $arg"
+	    fi
+	    ;;
+    new:open) Echo "There is a file open already" ;;
+    new:*)  open "$arg"
+	    state=open
+	    name="$arg"
+	    $autoprint
+	    ;;
+    close:changed) Echo "Use 'discard' or 'save'" ;;
+    close:closed) Echo "Closed already" ;;
+    close:*) state=closed ;;
+    save:closed) Echo "There isn't a file to save" ;;
+    save:*) case "$arg" in
+	      ?*) save "$arg" ;;
+	      *) save "$name" ;;
+	    esac
+	    state=open
+	    ;;
+    discard:changed) Echo "Your problem!"; state=closed ;;
+    discard:*) state=closed ;;
+    print:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    print:*) lineout ;;
+    goto:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    goto:*) goto "$arg"; $autoprint ;;
+    next:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    next:*) next; $autoprint ;;
+    prev:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    prev:*) prev; $autoprint ;;
+    name:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    name:*) name="$arg" ;;
+    replace:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    replace:*) if rstring 1 $arg
+	       then state=changed; $autoprint
+	       else Echo "Not found"
+	       fi
+	       ;;
+    nreplace:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    nreplace:*) if rstring $arg
+		then state=changed; $autoprint
+		else Echo "Not found"
+		fi
+		;;
+    delete:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    delete:*) delete; state=changed; $autoprint ;;
+    insert:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    insert:*) insert "$arg"; prev; state=changed; $autoprint ;;
+    quit:changed) Echo "Use 'save' or 'discard'" ;;
+    quit:*) Echo "bye"; exit;;
+    autoprint:*) autoprint="lineout" ;;
+    noprint:*) autoprint="" ;;
+    :*) ;;
+    *) Echo "Command not understood" ;;
+  esac
+done
+
diff --git a/examples/scripts/fixfiles.bash b/examples/scripts/fixfiles.bash
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15f3ba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/fixfiles.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# From: c2a192@ugrad.cs.ubc.ca (Kazimir Kylheku)
+# Newsgroups: comp.unix.shell,comp.os.linux.misc
+# Subject: GNU Bash Script to fix filenames
+# Date: 28 Mar 1996 14:54:43 -0800
+# Organization: Computer Science, University of B.C., Vancouver, B.C., Canada
+#
+#This is a script which takes a list of directories, descends through each one
+#and ``corrects'' filenames that:
+#
+#   -	contain filename globbing characters: * ? [ ]
+#   -	quote characters: ' "
+#   -	control characters: 0-31 (127 is not dealt with---oops)
+#   -	- or + as the first character
+#
+# The GNU version of 'tr' is required. Also requires 'sed'.
+#
+# Script to process a given list of directories recursively
+# and rename each file to something that is reasonable.
+#
+# The rules are:
+#
+# 1. replace each space, [, ], *, ", and ' character in the name with a
+#    period.
+# 2. replace each control character 1..31 with a printable character obtained
+#    by adding 64 to the ascii value. ^A becomes A, ^B becomes B and so on.
+# 3. replace a - or + occuring at the beginning of the name with a #
+#
+# 4. if the resulting name has been changed in any way, then
+# 5.    if a file of the new name already exists, then
+# 6.            add a . to the new name and goto step 5.
+# 7. rename the old name to the new name
+#
+# written by Kaz Kylheku <kaz@cafe.net>
+# March 1996
+# Vancouver, Canada
+#
+# requires GNU 'bash', GNU 'tr', and some sort of 'sed' program.
+#
+# minimal conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey
+
+processfile()
+{
+        new_name="`echo -n $1 | tr '\173\175\052\077\042\047 ' '.......' |
+                        tr '[\000-\037]' '[\100-\137]' |
+                        sed -e 's/^-/#/' -e 's/+/#/'`"
+        if [ "$new_name" != "$1" ] ; then
+                while [ -e "$new_name" ] ; do
+                        new_name="${new_name}."
+                done
+                echo changing \"$1\" to \"$new_name\" in `pwd`
+                mv -- "$1" "$new_name"
+        fi
+}
+
+processdir()
+{
+        set -f
+        local savepwd="$PWD"
+        if cd "$1" ; then
+                set +f
+                for file in * ; do
+                        set -f
+                        if [ "$file" != "." ] && [ "$file" != ".." ] ; then
+                                if [ -L "$file" ] ; then
+                                        echo "skipping symlink" $file in `pwd`
+                                elif [ -d "$file" ] ; then
+                                        processdir "$file"
+                                elif [ -f "$file" ] ; then
+                                        processfile "$file"
+                                fi
+                        fi
+                done
+                cd "$savepwd"
+        fi
+}
+
+shopt -s nullglob dotglob
+
+if [ $# = 0 ] ; then
+        echo "$0: must specify a list of directories" >&2
+	echo "$0: usage: $0 directory [directory ...]" >&2
+	exit 2
+fi
+
+while [ $# != 0 ] ; do
+        processdir "$1"
+        shift
+done
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/examples/scripts/hanoi.bash b/examples/scripts/hanoi.bash
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c308125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/hanoi.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Towers of Hanoi in bash
+#
+# cribbed from the ksh93 book, example from exercises on page 85
+#
+# Chet Ramey
+# chet@po.cwru.edu
+
+hanoi() # n from to spare
+{
+    typeset -i nm1=$1-1
+    ((nm1>0)) && hanoi $nm1 $2 $4 $3
+    echo "Move disc $2 to $3"
+    ((nm1>0)) && hanoi $nm1 $4 $3 $2
+}
+
+case $1 in
+[1-9])
+      hanoi $1 1 2 3;;
+*)    echo "${0##*/}: Argument must be from 1 to 9"
+      exit 1;;
+esac
diff --git a/examples/scripts/inpath b/examples/scripts/inpath
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..95f28bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/inpath
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# Search $PATH for a file the same name as $1; return TRUE if found.
+#
+
+command=$1
+[ -n "$command" ] || exit 1
+
+set `echo $PATH | sed 's/^:/.:/
+			s/::/:.:/g
+			s/:$/:./
+			s/:/ /g'`
+	
+while [ $# -ne 0 ] ; do
+	[ -f $1/$command ] && exit 0	# test -x not universal
+	shift
+done
+
+exit 1
diff --git a/examples/scripts/krand.bash b/examples/scripts/krand.bash
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dfdfd32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/krand.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Originally
+#
+# From: bsh20858@news.fhda.edu (Brian S Hiles)
+# Newsgroups: comp.unix.shell
+# Subject: Re: getting random numbers
+# Date: 23 Jan 1997 23:27:30 GMT
+# Message-ID: <5c8s52$eif@tiptoe.fhda.edu>
+
+# @(#) krand  Produces a random number within integer limits
+# "krand" Korn shell script generates a random number in a
+# specified range with an optionally specified ``seed'' value.
+# Author: Peter Turnbull, May 1993
+# Modified by: Becca Thomas, January 1994
+
+# changed the optional third argument to a -s option, converted to
+# bash v2 syntax -- chet@po.cwru.edu
+
+PROGNAME=${0##*/}
+USAGE="usage: $PROGNAME [-s seed] lower-limit upper-limit"
+
+Seed=$$			# Initialize random-number seed value with PID
+
+usage()
+{
+	echo ${PROGNAME}: "$USAGE" >&2
+}
+
+errexit()
+{
+	echo ${PROGNAME}: "$@" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# Process command-line arguments:
+while getopts "s:" opt; do
+	case "$opt" in
+	s) Seed=$OPTARG ;;
+	*) usage ; exit 2;;
+	esac
+done
+
+shift $(($OPTIND - 1))
+
+case $# in
+	2) Lower=$1; Upper=$2 ;;
+	*) usage ; exit 2;;
+esac
+
+# Check that specified values are integers:
+expr "$Lower" + 0 >/dev/null 2>&1
+[ $? -eq 2 ] && { errexit "lower ($Lower) not an integer"; }
+expr "$Upper" + 0 >/dev/null 2>&1
+[ $? -eq 2 ] && { errexit "upper ($Upper) not an integer"; }
+expr "$Seed" + 0 >/dev/null 2>&1
+[ $? -eq 2 ] && { errexit "seed ($Seed) not an integer"; }
+
+# Check that values are in the correct range:
+if (( "$Lower" < 0 )) || [ ${#Lower} -gt 5 ]; then
+	errexit "lower limit ($Lower) less than zero"
+fi
+if (( "$Upper" > 32767 )) || [ ${#Upper} -gt 5 ]; then
+	errexit "upper limit ($Upper) greater than 32767"
+fi
+if (( "$Seed" < 0 )) || (( "$Seed" > 32767 )) || [ ${#Seed} -gt 5 ]; then
+	errexit "seed value ($Seed) out of range (0 to 32767)"
+fi
+(( "$Upper" <= "$Lower" )) && errexit "upper limit ($Upper) <= lower limit ($Lower)"
+
+# Seed the random-number generator:
+RANDOM=$Seed
+# Compute value, scaled within range:
+let rand="$RANDOM % ($Upper - $Lower + 1) + $Lower"
+# Report result:
+echo $rand
diff --git a/examples/scripts/line-input.bash b/examples/scripts/line-input.bash
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f2efae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/line-input.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+#From: kaz@cafe.net (Kaz Kylheku)
+#Newsgroups: comp.unix.shell
+#Subject: Funky little bash script
+#Message-ID: <6mspb9$ft2@espresso.cafe.net>
+#Date: Thu, 25 Jun 1998 06:11:39 GMT
+
+#Here is something I wrote a few years ago when I was bored one day.
+#Warning: this contains control characters.
+
+# Line input routine for GNU Bourne-Again Shell
+# plus terminal-control primitives.
+#
+# by Kaz Kylheku
+# June 1996, Vancouver, Canada
+
+
+#
+# Function to disable canonical input processing.
+# Terminal modes are saved into variable "savetty"
+#
+#
+
+function raw
+{
+	savetty=$(stty -g)
+	stty -icanon -isig -echo -echok -echonl inlcr
+}
+
+#
+# Function to restore terminal settings from savetty variable
+#
+
+function restore
+{
+	stty $savetty
+}
+
+#
+# Set terminal MIN and TIME values.
+# If the input argument is a zero, set up terminal to wait for
+# a keystroke indefinitely. If the argument is non-zero, set up
+# an absolute timeout of that many tenths of a second. The inter-keystroke
+# timer facility of the terminal driver is not exploited.
+#
+
+function settimeout
+# $1 = tenths of a second
+{
+	if [ "$1" = "0" ] ; then
+		min=1
+		timeout=0
+	else
+		min=0
+		timeout="$1"
+	fi
+
+	stty min $min time $timeout
+
+	unset min timeout
+}
+
+#
+# Input a single key using 'dd' and echo it to standard output.
+# Launching an external program to get a single keystroke is a bit
+# of a pig, but it's the best you can do! Maybe we could convince the
+# GNU guys to make 'dd' a bash builtin.
+#
+
+function getkey
+{
+	eval $1="\"\$(dd bs=1 count=1 2> /dev/null)\""
+}
+
+#
+# Input a line of text gracefully.
+# The first argument is the name of a variable where the input line is
+# to be stored. If this variable is not empty, its contents are printed
+# and treated as though the user had entered them.
+# The second argument gives the maximum length of the input line; if it
+# is zero, the input is unlimited (bad idea).
+# ^W is used to delete words
+# ^R redraws the line at any time by backspacing over it and reprinting it
+# ^U backspaces to the beginning
+# ^H or ^? (backspace or del) delete a single character
+# ^M (enter) terminates the input
+# all other control keys are ignored and cause a beep when pressed
+# 
+#
+
+
+function getline
+{
+	settimeout 0			# No keystroke timeout.
+	save_IFS="$IFS"			# Save word delimiter and set it to
+	IFS=""				# to null so ${#line} works correctly.
+	eval line=\${$1}		# Fetch line contents
+	echo -n "$line"			# and print the existing line.
+	while [ 1 ] ; do
+		getkey key		# fetch a single keystroke
+		case "$key" in
+		 |  )				# BS or DEL
+			if [ ${#line} != 0 ] ; then	# if line not empty
+				echo -n " "		# print destructive BS
+				line="${line%%?}"	# chop last character
+			else				# else if line empty
+				echo -n 		# beep the terminal
+			fi
+			;;
+		 )					# kill to line beg
+			while [ ${#line} != 0 ] ; do	# while line not empty
+				echo -n " "		# print BS, space, BS
+				line="${line%?}"	# shorten line by 1
+			done
+			;;
+		 )					# redraw line
+			linesave="$line"		# save the contents
+			while [ ${#line} != 0 ] ; do	# kill to line beg
+				echo -n " "
+				line="${line%?}"
+			done
+			echo -n "$linesave"		# reprint, restore
+			line="$linesave"
+			unset linesave			# forget temp var
+			;;
+		 )
+			while [ "${line% }" != "$line" ] && [ ${#line} != 0 ] ; do
+				echo -n " "
+				line="${line%?}"
+			done
+			while [ "${line% }" = "$line" ] && [ ${#line} != 0 ] ; do
+				echo -n " "
+				line="${line%?}"
+			done
+			;;
+		 | 
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
 )
+			echo -n 	# ignore various control characters
+			;;		# with an annoying beep
+		 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  )
+			echo -n 
+			;;
+		'	' |  |  |  |  |  )
+			echo -n 
+			;;
+		'' )			# Break out of loop on carriage return.
+			echo		# Send a newline to the terminal.
+			break		# (Also triggered by NUL char!).
+			;;
+		* )		# Append character to the end of the line.
+				# If length is restricted, and the line is too
+				# long, then beep...
+
+			if [ "$2" != 0 ] && [ $(( ${#line} >= $2 )) = 1 ] ; then
+				echo -n 
+			else				# Otherwise add
+				line="$line$key"	# the character.
+				echo -n "$key"		# And echo it.
+			fi
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+	eval $1=\"\$line\"
+	IFS="$save_IFS"
+	unset line save_IFS
+}
+
+# uncomment the lines below to create a standalone test program
+#
+echo "Line input demo for the GNU Bourne-Again Shell."
+echo "Hacked by Kaz Kylheku"
+echo
+echo "Use ^H/Backspace/Del to erase, ^W to kill words, ^U to kill the"
+echo "whole line of input, ^R to redraw the line."
+echo "Pass an argument to this program to prime the buffer contents"
+raw
+echo -n "go: "
+if [ ${#1} != 0 ] ; then
+	LINE=$1
+fi
+getline LINE 50
+restore
+
+echo "<$LINE>"
diff --git a/examples/scripts/nohup.bash b/examples/scripts/nohup.bash
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3781293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/nohup.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#
+# BASH VERSION OF nohup COMMAND
+#
+ctype()
+{
+	path=$(builtin type -p $cmd | sed 1q)
+	if [ -n "$path" ]; then
+		echo "$path"
+		return 0
+	else
+		case "$cmd" in
+		*/*)	[ -x "$cmd ] && { echo "$cmd" ; return 0; } ;;
+		  *)	case "$(builtin type -t $cmd)" in
+			"")	return 1;;
+			*)	echo "$cmd" ; return 0;;
+			esac ;;
+		esac
+	fi
+	return 1
+}
+
+trap '' HUP		# ignore hangup
+command=$(ctype "$1")
+oldmask=$(umask)
+umask u=rw,og=		# default mode for nohup.out
+exec 0< /dev/null	# disconnect input
+if [ -t 1 ]; then	# redirect output if necessary
+	if [ -w . ]; then
+		echo 'Sending output to nohup.out'
+		exec >> nohup.out
+	else	echo "Sending output to $HOME/nohup.out"
+		exec >> $HOME/nohup.out
+	fi
+fi
+
+umask "$oldmask"
+
+# direct unit 2 to a file
+if [ -t 2 ]; then
+	exec 2>&1
+fi
+
+# run the command
+case $command in
+*/*)	exec "$@"
+	;;
+time)	eval "$@"
+	;;
+*)	"$@"
+	;;
+esac
diff --git a/examples/scripts/precedence b/examples/scripts/precedence
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9bbdb97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/precedence
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# @(#)precedence_test 1.0 91/07/24 Maarten Litmaath
+# test of relative precedences for `&&' and `||' operators
+
+echo "\`Say' echos its argument. Its return value is of no interest."
+case `echo -n` in
+  '') Say () { echo -n "$*" ; } ;;
+   *) Say () { echo "$*\c" ; } ;;
+esac
+
+echo "\`Truth' echos its argument and returns a TRUE result."
+Truth () {
+  Say $1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+echo "\`False' echos its argument and returns a FALSE result."
+False () {
+  Say $1;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+echo ""
+
+cmd1='$open $test1 && $test2 $close || $test3'
+cmd2='$test1 || $open $test2 && $test3 $close'
+
+grouping_sh=
+grouping_C='( )'
+
+test3='Say 3'
+
+for i in 1 2
+do
+   eval proto=\$cmd$i
+
+   for test1 in 'Truth 1' 'False 1'
+   do
+      for test2 in 'Truth 2' 'False 2'
+      do
+	 for precedence in sh C
+	 do
+	    eval set x \$grouping_$precedence
+	    shift
+	    open=${1-' '}
+	    close=${2-' '}
+	    eval cmd=\""$proto"\"
+	    Say "$cmd   output="
+	    output=`eval "$cmd"`
+	    Say "$output"
+	    read correct || { echo 'Input fubar.  Abort.' >&2; exit 1; }
+	    test "X$output" = "X$correct" || echo "   correct=$correct"
+	    echo ''
+	 done
+
+	 echo ''
+      done
+   done
+done << EOF
+12
+12
+123
+123
+13
+13
+13
+13
+13
+1
+13
+1
+123
+123
+12
+12
+EOF
diff --git a/examples/scripts/randomcard.bash b/examples/scripts/randomcard.bash
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cb6b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/randomcard.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# The following prints a random card from a card deck.
+#
+# cribbed from the ksh93 book, example from page 70
+#
+# chet@po.cwru.edu
+#
+declare -i i=0
+
+# load the deck
+for suit in clubs diamonds hearts spades; do
+	for n in ace 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 jack queen king; do
+		card[i]="$n of $suit"
+        	i=i+1		# let is not required with integer variables
+	done
+done
+
+# and print a random card
+echo ${card[RANDOM%52]}
diff --git a/examples/scripts/scrollbar b/examples/scripts/scrollbar
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..388bea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/scrollbar
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# scrollbar - display scrolling text
+#
+# usage: scrollbar args
+#
+# A cute hack originally from Heiner Steven <hs@bintec.de>
+#
+# converted from ksh syntax to bash v2 syntax by Chet Ramey
+
+WIDTH=${COLUMNS:-80}
+WMINUS=$(( $WIDTH - 1 ))
+
+[ $# -lt 1 ] && set -- TESTING
+
+# use the bash-2.02 printf builtin
+Text=$(printf "%-${WIDTH}s" "$*")
+Text=${Text// /_}
+
+while :
+do
+	printf "%-.${WIDTH}s\r" "$Text"
+	LastC=${Text:${WMINUS}:1}
+	Text="$LastC""${Text%?}"
+done
diff --git a/examples/scripts/scrollbar2 b/examples/scripts/scrollbar2
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0e53634
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/scrollbar2
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# scrollbar - display scrolling text
+#
+# usage: scrollbar args
+#
+# A cute hack originally from Heiner Steven <hs@bintec.de>
+#
+# converted from ksh syntax to bash v2 syntax by Chet Ramey
+
+WIDTH=${COLUMNS:-80}
+WMINUS=$(( $WIDTH - 1 ))
+
+[ $# -lt 1 ] && set -- TESTING
+
+# use the bash-2.02 printf builtin
+Text=$(printf "%-${WIDTH}s" "$*")
+
+while :
+do
+	printf "%-.${WIDTH}s\r" "$Text"
+	LastC=${Text:${WMINUS}:1}
+	Text="$LastC""${Text%?}"
+done
diff --git a/examples/scripts/self-repro b/examples/scripts/self-repro
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..951d4e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/self-repro
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# self-reproducing script (except for these comment lines -- remove them)
+# i got this from the ksh93 faq:
+#	http://www.kornshell.com/doc/faq.html
+#
+n="
+" q="'" x="cat <<-!" y=! z='n="$n" q="$q" x="$x" y=$y z=$q$z$q$n$x$n$z$n$y'
+cat <<-!
+n="$n" q="$q" x="$x" y=$y z=$q$z$q$n$x$n$z$n$yb
+!
diff --git a/examples/scripts/showperm.bash b/examples/scripts/showperm.bash
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e06c0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/showperm.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#Newsgroups: comp.unix.shell
+#From: gwc@root.co.uk (Geoff Clare)
+#Subject: Re: Determining permissions on a file
+#Message-ID: <Dr79nw.DtL@root.co.uk>
+#Date: Fri, 10 May 1996 17:23:56 GMT
+
+#Here's a bit of Korn shell that converts the symbolic permissions produced
+#by "ls -l" into octal, using only shell builtins.  How to create a script
+#combining this with an "ls -l" is left as an exercise...
+#
+#
+# Converted to Bash v2 syntax by Chet Ramey <chet@po.cwru.edu>
+#
+# usage: showperm modestring
+#
+# example: showperm '-rwsr-x--x'
+#
+
+[ -z "$1" ] && {
+	echo "showperm: usage: showperm modestring" >&2
+	exit 2
+}
+
+tmode="$1"
+
+typeset -i omode sbits
+typeset pmode
+
+# check for set-uid, etc. bits
+sbits=0
+case $tmode in
+???[sS]*)       (( sbits += 8#4000 )) ;; # set-uid
+??????[sSl]*)   (( sbits += 8#2000 )) ;; # set-gid or mand. lock
+?????????[tT]*) (( sbits += 8#1000 )) ;; # sticky
+esac
+
+omode=0
+while :
+do
+	tmode=${tmode#?}
+	case $tmode in
+	"")       break ;;
+	[-STl]*)  (( omode *= 2 )) ;;
+	[rwxst]*) (( omode = omode*2 + 1 )) ;;
+	*)	  echo "$0: first letter of \"$tmode\" is unrecognized" >&2
+	          (( omode *= 2 ))
+	          ;;
+	esac
+done
+
+(( omode += sbits ))
+
+printf "0%o\n" $omode
diff --git a/examples/scripts/shprompt b/examples/scripts/shprompt
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ec8b997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/shprompt
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#
+# shprompt -- give a prompt and get an answer satisfying certain criteria
+#
+# shprompt [-dDfFsy] prompt
+#	s = prompt for string
+#	f = prompt for filename
+#	F = prompt for full pathname to a file or directory
+#	d = prompt for a directory name
+#	D = prompt for a full pathname to a directory
+#	y = prompt for y or n answer
+#
+# Chet Ramey
+# chet@ins.CWRU.Edu
+
+type=file
+
+OPTS=dDfFsy
+
+succeed()
+{
+	echo "$1"
+	exit 0
+}
+
+while getopts "$OPTS" c
+do
+	case "$c" in
+	s)	type=string
+		;;
+	f)	type=file
+		;;
+	F)	type=path
+		;;
+	d)	type=dir
+		;;
+	D)	type=dirpath
+		;;
+	y)	type=yesno
+		;;
+	?)	echo "usage: $0 [-$OPTS] prompt" 1>&2
+		exit 2
+		;;
+	esac
+done
+
+if [ "$OPTIND" -gt 1 ] ; then
+	shift $[$OPTIND - 1]
+fi
+
+while :
+do
+	case "$type" in
+	string)
+		echo -n "$1" 1>&2
+		read ans || exit 1
+		if [ -n "$ans" ] ; then
+			succeed "$ans"
+		fi
+		;;
+	file|path)
+		echo -n "$1" 1>&2
+		read ans || exit 1
+		#
+		# use `fn' and eval so that bash will do tilde expansion for
+		# me
+		#
+		eval fn="$ans"
+		case "$fn" in
+		/*)	if test -e "$fn" ; then
+				succeed "$fn"
+			else
+				echo "$0: '$fn' does not exist" 1>&2
+			fi
+			;;
+		*)	if [ "$type" = "path" ] ; then
+				echo "$0: must give full pathname to file" 1>&2
+			else
+				if test -e "$fn" ; then
+					succeed "$fn"
+				else
+					echo "$0: '$fn' does not exist" 1>&2
+				fi
+			fi
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	dir|dirpath)
+		echo -n "$1" 1>&2
+		read ans || exit 1
+		#
+		# use `fn' and eval so that bash will do tilde expansion for
+		# me
+		#
+		eval fn="$ans"
+		case "$fn" in
+		/*)	if test -d "$fn" ; then
+				succeed "$fn"
+			elif test -e "$fn" ; then
+				echo "$0 '$fn' is not a directory" 1>&2
+			else
+				echo "$0: '$fn' does not exist" 1>&2
+			fi
+			;;
+		*)	if [ "$type" = "dirpath" ] ; then
+				echo "$0: must give full pathname to directory" 1>&2
+			else
+				if test -d "$fn" ; then
+					succeed "$fn"
+				elif test -e "$fn" ; then
+					echo "$0 '$fn' is not a directory" 1>&2
+				else
+					echo "$0: '$fn' does not exist" 1>&2
+				fi
+			fi
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	yesno)
+		echo -n "$1" 1>&2
+		read ans || exit 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		y|Y|[yY][eE][sS])
+			succeed "yes"
+			;;
+		n|N|[nN][oO])
+			succeed "no"
+			exit 0
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "$0: yes or no required" 1>&2
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	esac
+done
+
+exit 1
diff --git a/examples/scripts/spin.bash b/examples/scripts/spin.bash
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc6a66a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/spin.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# spin.bash -- provide a `spinning wheel' to show progress
+#
+# Chet Ramey
+# chet@po.cwru.edu
+#
+bs=$'\b'
+ 
+chars="|${bs} \\${bs} -${bs} /${bs}"
+ 
+# Infinite loop for demo. purposes
+while :
+do
+    for letter in $chars
+    do
+        echo -n ${letter}
+    done
+done
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/examples/scripts/timeout b/examples/scripts/timeout
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac8d88f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/timeout
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#Newsgroups: comp.unix.admin,comp.unix.solaris,comp.unix.shell
+#From: gwc@root.co.uk (Geoff Clare)
+#Subject: Re: timeout -t <sec> <unix command> (Re: How to give rsh a shorter timeout?)
+#Message-ID: <EoBxrs.223@root.co.uk>
+#Date: Fri, 13 Feb 1998 18:23:52 GMT
+
+#
+# Conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey <chet@po.cwru.edu
+# UNTESTED
+#
+
+prog=${0##*/}
+usage="usage: $prog [-signal] [timeout] [:interval] [+delay] [--] <command>"
+
+SIG=-TERM	# default signal sent to the process when the timer expires
+timeout=60	# default timeout
+interval=15	# default interval between checks if the process is still alive
+delay=2		# default delay between posting the given signal and
+		# destroying the process (kill -KILL)
+
+while :
+do
+	case $1 in
+	--)	shift; break ;;
+	-*)	SIG=$1 ;;
+	[0-9]*)	timeout=$1 ;;
+	:*)	EXPR='..\(.*\)' ; interval=`expr x"$1" : "$EXPR"` ;;
+	+*)	EXPR='..\(.*\)' ; delay=`expr x"$1" : "$EXPR"` ;;
+	*)	break ;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+case $# in
+0)	echo "$prog: $usage" >&2 ; exit 2 ;;
+esac
+
+(
+	for t in $timeout $delay
+	do
+		while (( $t > $interval ))
+		do
+			sleep $interval
+			kill -0 $$ || exit
+			t=$(( $t - $interval ))
+		done
+		sleep $t
+		kill $SIG $$ && kill -0 $$ || exit
+		SIG=-KILL
+	done
+) 2> /dev/null &
+
+exec "$@"
diff --git a/examples/scripts/vtree2 b/examples/scripts/vtree2
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..878cbab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/vtree2
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# vtree - make a tree printout of the specified directory, with disk usage
+#	  in 1k blocks
+#
+# usage: vtree [-a] [dir]
+#
+# Original posted to Usenet sometime in February, 1996
+# I believe that the original author is Brian S. Hiles <bsh29256@atc.fhda.edu>
+#
+usage()
+{
+	echo "vtree: usage: vtree [-a] [dir]" >&2
+}
+
+while getopts a opt
+do
+	case "$opt" in
+	a)	andfiles=-a ;;
+	*)	usage ; exit 2 ;;
+	esac
+done
+
+shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+export BLOCKSIZE=1k	# 4.4 BSD systems need this
+
+[ $# -eq 0 ] && set .
+
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]
+do
+	cd "$1" || { shift; [ $# -ge 1 ] && echo >&2; continue; }
+	echo -n "$PWD"
+
+	du $andfiles | sort -k 2f | sed \
+		-e 's/\([^	]*\)	\(.*\)/\2  (\1)/' \
+		-e "s#^$1##" \
+		-e 's#[^/]*/\([^/]*\)$#|____\1#' \
+		-e 's#[^/]*/#|    #g'
+	
+	[ $# -gt 1 ] && echo 
+	shift
+done
diff --git a/examples/scripts/vtree3 b/examples/scripts/vtree3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2059b9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/vtree3
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/bin/ksh
+#
+# Name: dirtree
+# Programmer:
+#            Hemant T. Shah
+#            Life Insurance Data Processing
+#            July 12 1994
+#
+# Description:
+#  Print directory tree structure as follows:
+#   |___Mail
+#     |___scheduler
+#     |___cics_scripts
+#     |___tar_msdos
+#     |___awk
+#     |___attributes
+#   |___tmp
+#   |___News
+#     |___dosscsi
+#     |___FAQ_xterminal
+#     |___shell_history.Z
+#     |___FAQ_AIX
+#     |___aix_ftp_site
+#     |___hp_software
+#   |___dnload
+#     |___telnet.h
+#     |___msdos
+#     |___tnetd.tar.Z
+#     |___aix
+#     |___hp
+#   |___xkey.c
+#
+# Conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey
+#	- removed command substitutions calling `basename'
+#
+
+ProgramName=${0##*/}
+Path="."
+ShowAll=1
+ShowDir=0
+
+
+ExpandDirectory()
+{
+local object   # Local variable
+
+cd "$1"
+
+for object in $PWD/.??* $PWD/*
+do
+   if [ -d $object ];  # It is a directory
+   then
+      echo "${indent}|___${object##*/}/"
+      indent="${indent}!   "   # Add to indentation
+      if [ -x $object ];
+      then
+         ExpandDirectory $object
+      fi
+      indent=${indent%????}    # Remove from indentation
+   elif [ -e $object ]; then
+      if (( ShowAll == 1 ));
+      then
+         echo "${indent}|___${object##*/}"
+      fi
+   fi
+done
+
+}
+
+usage()
+{
+	echo -e "Usage: $ProgramName [-h] [-f] [-d] [path] "
+	echo -e "\t-h       ... display this help message."
+	echo -e "\t-f path  ... shows all files and directories below path (default)."
+	echo -e "\t-d path  ... shows all directories only below path."
+}
+
+while getopts "fd" opt
+do
+	case $opt in
+	f) ShowAll=1 ;;
+	d) ShowDir=1 ;;
+	*) usage ; exit 2;;
+	esac
+done
+
+shift $(( $OPTIND - 1 ))
+
+Path=${1:-.}
+
+if [ ! -d "$Path" ]; then
+	echo "$0: error: specified path is not a directory." >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+
+
+echo "!$Path/"
+ExpandDirectory $Path
diff --git a/examples/scripts/vtree3a b/examples/scripts/vtree3a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0678764
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/vtree3a
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Name: dirtree
+# Programmer:
+#            Hemant T. Shah
+#            Life Insurance Data Processing
+#            July 12 1994
+#
+# Description:
+#  Print directory tree structure as follows:
+#   |___Mail
+#     |___scheduler
+#     |___cics_scripts
+#     |___tar_msdos
+#     |___awk
+#     |___attributes
+#   |___tmp
+#   |___News
+#     |___dosscsi
+#     |___FAQ_xterminal
+#     |___shell_history.Z
+#     |___FAQ_AIX
+#     |___aix_ftp_site
+#     |___hp_software
+#   |___dnload
+#     |___telnet.h
+#     |___msdos
+#     |___tnetd.tar.Z
+#     |___aix
+#     |___hp
+#   |___xkey.c
+#
+# Conversion to bash v2 syntax done by Chet Ramey
+#	- removed command substitutions calling `basename'
+#
+
+ProgramName=${0##*/}
+Path="."
+ShowAll=1
+ShowDir=0
+
+
+ExpandDirectory()
+{
+local object   # Local variable
+
+cd "$1"
+
+for object in $PWD/.??* $PWD/*
+do
+   if [ -d $object ];  # It is a directory
+   then
+      echo "${indent}|___${object##*/}/"
+      indent="${indent}!   "   # Add to indentation
+      if [ -x $object ];
+      then
+         ExpandDirectory $object
+      fi
+      indent=${indent%????}    # Remove from indentation
+   elif [ -e $object ]; then
+      if (( ShowAll == 1 ));
+      then
+         echo "${indent}|___${object##*/}"
+      fi
+   fi
+done
+
+}
+
+usage()
+{
+	echo -e "Usage: $ProgramName [-h] [-f] [-d] [path] "
+	echo -e "\t-h       ... display this help message."
+	echo -e "\t-f path  ... shows all files and directories below path (default)."
+	echo -e "\t-d path  ... shows all directories only below path."
+}
+
+while getopts "fd" opt
+do
+	case $opt in
+	f) ShowAll=1 ;;
+	#d) ShowDir=1 ;;
+	d) ShowAll=0 ;;
+	*) usage ; exit 2;;
+	esac
+done
+
+shift $(( $OPTIND - 1 ))
+
+Path=${1:-.}
+
+if [ ! -d "$Path" ]; then
+	echo "$0: error: specified path is not a directory." >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+
+
+echo "!$Path/"
+ExpandDirectory $Path
diff --git a/examples/scripts/websrv.sh b/examples/scripts/websrv.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e07746b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/websrv.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#for instructions or updates go to:
+#<A HREF="http://math.ucr.edu:8889/">This script's home page</A>
+#email me questions or comments at:
+#<A HREF="mailto:insom@math.ucr.edu">insom@math.ucr.edu</A>
+#copyright chris ulrich; This software may be used or modified
+#in any way so long as this notice remains intact.
+#
+# WWW server in sh
+# Author: Chris Ulrich <chris@tinker.ucr.edu>
+#
+
+INDEX=index.html
+date=`date`
+DOCHOME=/home/insom/web-docs
+BINHOME=/home/insom/web-bin
+LOGHOME=/home/insom/web-logs
+LOGFILE=$LOGHOME/access_log
+#verbose=:
+verbose=echo
+exec 2>> $LOGHOME/error_log
+
+hheader() {
+echo "HTTP/1.0 200 OK
+Server: WebSH/2.00
+Connection: close
+Date: $date"
+}
+
+header() {
+echo "Content-type: $1
+"
+}
+
+no_url() {
+  header "text/plain"
+  echo "No such url $1"
+}
+
+send() {
+  #case "$#" in 2) ;; *) echo eep! | mailx insom@math.ucr.edu  ; exit 3 ;; esac
+  if test -f "$DOCHOME/$2"
+  then
+    header "$1"
+    cat "$DOCHOME/$2"
+  else
+    no_url "$2"
+  fi
+}
+
+LsToHTML() {
+  if test -f "$DOCHOME/$url/.title"
+  then
+    header "text/html; charset=US-ASCII"
+    echo "<pre>"
+    cat "$DOCHOME/$url/.title"
+    echo "</pre>"
+  elif test -f "$DOCHOME/$url/.title.html"
+  then
+    header "text/html; charset=US-ASCII"
+    cat "$DOCHOME/$url/.title.html"
+  else
+    header "text/html; charset=US-ASCII"
+  fi
+
+  case "$url" in 
+     /) ;;
+     *) url="$url/"
+  esac
+
+  while read link
+  do
+   case $link in
+     *.cgi) ;;
+     *)
+        echo "<A HREF=\"$url$link\">$link</A> <BR>"
+     ;;
+   esac
+  done
+}
+
+read method data
+
+$verbose "
+$date access from ${TCPREMOTEINFO:=NO-IDENT}@${TCPREMOTEHOST:=$TCPREMOTEIP}
+	on local machine $TCPLOCALHOST
+	 $method $data " >> $LOGFILE
+
+for hopeurl in $data
+do
+  url="${url}${url:+ }$second"
+  second="$hopeurl"
+done
+
+case "$second" in
+  *[1-9].*) 
+     read inheader
+     while 
+        case "$inheader" in 
+          ?|'') false 
+           ;;
+          *) 
+            read inheader
+           ;; 
+        esac 
+     do
+       :
+     done
+     hheader
+  ;;
+esac
+
+case "$url" in
+  *..*)
+    no_url "$url"
+    exit 1
+   ;;
+  *.txt|*.[ch])
+    send "text/plain; charset=US-ASCII" "$url"
+    ;;
+  *.html)
+    send "text/html; charset=US-ASCII" "$url"
+   ;;
+  *.cgi)
+    if test -x "$DOCHOME/$url" 
+    then 
+      read message
+      echo "$message" | "$DOCHOME/$url"
+    else
+      no_url "$url"
+    fi
+   ;;
+  *".cgi?"*)
+    oIFS="$IFS"
+    echo "$url"  | { 
+      IFS='?' read url QUERY_STRING
+      if test -x "$DOCHOME/$url" 
+      then
+        IFS="$oIFS"
+        export QUERY_STRING 
+        "$DOCHOME/$url" 
+      else
+        no_url "$url"
+      fi
+       }
+   ;;
+  *.[Gg][Ii][Ff])
+    send "image/gif" "$url"
+   ;;
+  *.[Jj][Pp][Gg]|*.[Jj][Pp][Ee][Gg])
+    send "image/jpeg" "$url"
+   ;;
+  *.tbl)
+    header "text/html; charset=US-ASCII"
+    echo "<pre>"
+    test -f "$DOCHOME/$url" && 
+      tbl < "$DOCHOME/$url"  | nroff ||
+      no_url "$url" 
+    echo "</pre>"
+   ;;
+  *.nroff)
+    header "text/html; charset=US-ASCII"
+    echo "<pre>"
+    test -f "$DOCHOME/$url" && 
+      nroff < "$DOCHOME/$url" ||
+      no_url "$url" 
+    echo "</pre>"
+   ;;
+  *mp[23])
+    if test -f "$DOCHOME/$url" 
+    then
+      header "application/mpstream"
+      echo "+$TCPLOCALIP:${MPSERVPORT:=9001}/$url"
+    else 
+      no_url "$url" 
+    fi
+   ;;
+  *.[0-9]|*.[0-9][a-z])
+    header "text/html; charset=US-ASCII"
+    echo "<pre>"
+    if test -f "$DOCHOME/$url" 
+    then
+      #nroff -man  "$DOCHOME/$url" | $BINHOME/man2html
+      echo "perl at the moment is broken, so man2html doesn't work.  Sorry."
+      echo "</pre>"
+    else 
+      no_url "$url"
+    fi
+   ;;
+  *.???|*.??)
+    send "unknown/data" "$url"
+   ;;
+  */)
+    if test -d "$DOCHOME/$url"
+    then 
+      ls "$DOCHOME/$url" | LsToHTML
+    fi
+   ;;
+  *)
+   if test -f "$DOCHOME/$url"
+   then
+     read filetype < "$DOCHOME/$url"
+     case "$filetype" in
+       \#!/*/*|\#!?/*/*)
+         header "text/plain; charset=US-ASCII"
+         cat "$DOCHOME/$url"
+         ;;
+       '<!*>')
+         header "text/html; charset=US-ASCII"
+         cat "$DOCHOME/$url"
+        ;;
+       *)
+         header "text/html; charset=US-ASCII"
+         echo "<pre>"
+         cat "$DOCHOME/$url"
+         echo "</pre>"
+        ;;
+     esac
+   elif test -f "$DOCHOME/$url/$INDEX"
+   then
+     header "text/html; charset=US-ASCII"
+     cat "$DOCHOME/$url/$INDEX"
+   elif test -d "$DOCHOME/$url"
+   then 
+     ls "$DOCHOME/$url" | LsToHTML
+   else
+     no_url "$url" 
+   fi
+   ;;
+esac
diff --git a/examples/scripts/xterm_title b/examples/scripts/xterm_title
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..72ba099
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/xterm_title
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# xterm_title - print the contents of the xterm title bar
+#
+# Derived from http://www.clark.net/pub/dickey/xterm/xterm.faq.html#how2_title
+#
+P=${0##*/}
+[ -z "$DISPLAY" ] && {
+	echo "${P}: not running X" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+if [ -z "$TERM" ] || [ "$TERM" != "xterm" ]; then
+	echo "${P}: not running in an xterm" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+exec </dev/tty
+old=$(stty -g)
+stty raw -echo min 0  time ${1-10}
+echo -e "\033[21t\c" > /dev/tty
+IFS='' read -r a
+stty $old
+b=${a#???}
+echo "${b%??}"
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/examples/scripts/zprintf b/examples/scripts/zprintf
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5e2e3ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/zprintf
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# zprintf - function that calls gawk to do printf for those systems that
+#	    don't have a printf executable
+#
+# The format and arguments can have trailing commas, just like gawk
+#
+# example:
+#	zprintf 'Eat %x %x and suck %x!\n' 57005 48879 64206
+#
+# Chet Ramey
+# chet@po.cwru.edu
+
+[ $# -lt 1 ] && {
+	echo "zprintf: usage: zprintf format [args ...]" >&2
+	exit 2
+}
+
+fmt="${1%,}"
+shift
+
+for a in "$@"; do
+	args="$args,\"${a%,}\""
+done
+
+gawk "BEGIN { printf \"$fmt\" $args }"