instance-data: add cloud-init merged_cfg and sys_info keys to json (#214)

Cloud-config userdata provided as jinja templates are now distro,
platform and merged cloud config aware. The cloud-init query command
will also surface this config data.

Now users can selectively render portions of cloud-config based on:
* distro name, version, release
* python version
* merged cloud config values
* machine platform
* kernel

To support template handling of this config, add new top-level
keys to /run/cloud-init/instance-data.json.

The new 'merged_cfg' key represents merged cloud config from
/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg and /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/*.

The new 'sys_info' key which captures distro and platform
info from cloudinit.util.system_info.

Cloud config userdata templates can render conditional content
based on these additional environmental checks such as the following
simple example:

```
  ## template: jinja
  #cloud-config
   runcmd:
  {% if distro == 'opensuse' %}
    - sh /custom-setup-sles
  {% elif distro == 'centos' %}
    - sh /custom-setup-centos
  {% elif distro == 'debian' %}
    - sh /custom-setup-debian
  {% endif %}
```

To see all values: sudo cloud-init query --all

Any keys added to the standardized v1 keys are guaranteed to not
change or drop on future released of cloud-init. 'v1' keys will be retained
for backward-compatibility even if a new standardized 'v2' set of keys
are introduced

The following standardized v1 keys are added:
* distro, distro_release, distro_version, kernel_version, machine,
python_version, system_platform, variant

LP: #1865969

1 files changed, 256 insertions, 104 deletions

diff --git a/doc/rtd/topics/instancedata.rst b/doc/rtd/topics/instancedata.rst
index 4227c4fd..845098bb 100644
--- a/doc/rtd/topics/instancedata.rst
+++ b/doc/rtd/topics/instancedata.rst
@@ -76,6 +76,11 @@ There are three basic top-level keys:
   'security sensitive'. Only the keys listed here will be redacted from
   instance-data.json for non-root users.
 
+* **merged_cfg**: Merged cloud-init 'system_config' from `/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg`
+  and  `/etc/cloud/cloud-cfg.d`. Values under this key could contain sensitive
+  information such as passwords, so it is included in the **sensitive-keys**
+  list which is only readable by root.
+
 * **ds**: Datasource-specific metadata crawled for the specific cloud
   platform. It should closely represent the structure of the cloud metadata
   crawled. The structure of content and details provided are entirely
@@ -83,6 +88,9 @@ There are three basic top-level keys:
   The content exposed under the 'ds' key is currently **experimental** and
   expected to change slightly in the upcoming cloud-init release.
 
+* **sys_info**: Information about the underlying os, python, architecture and
+  kernel. This represents the data collected by `cloudinit.util.system_info`.
+
 * **v1**: Standardized cloud-init metadata keys, these keys are guaranteed to
   exist on all cloud platforms. They will also retain their current behavior
   and format and will be carried forward even if cloud-init introduces a new
@@ -117,6 +125,21 @@ Example output:
 - nocloud
 - ovf
 
+v1.distro, v1.distro_version, v1.distro_release
+-----------------------------------------------
+This shall be the distro name, version and release as determined by
+`cloudinit.util.get_linux_distro`.
+
+Example output:
+
+- centos, 7.5, core
+- debian, 9, stretch
+- freebsd, 12.0-release-p10,
+- opensuse, 42.3, x86_64
+- opensuse-tumbleweed, 20180920, x86_64
+- redhat, 7.5, 'maipo'
+- sles, 12.3, x86_64
+- ubuntu, 20.04, focal
 
 v1.instance_id
 --------------
@@ -126,6 +149,14 @@ Examples output:
 
 - i-<hash>
 
+v1.kernel_release
+-----------------
+This shall be the running kernel `uname -r`
+
+Example output:
+
+- 5.3.0-1010-aws
+
 v1.local_hostname
 -----------------
 The internal or local hostname of the system.
@@ -135,6 +166,17 @@ Examples output:
 - ip-10-41-41-70
 - <user-provided-hostname>
 
+v1.machine
+----------
+This shall be the running cpu machine architecture `uname -m`
+
+Example output:
+
+- x86_64
+- i686
+- ppc64le
+- s390x
+
 v1.platform
 -------------
 An attempt to identify the cloud platfrom instance that the system is running
@@ -154,7 +196,7 @@ v1.subplatform
 Additional platform details describing the specific source or type of metadata
 used. The format of subplatform will be:
 
-``<subplatform_type> (<url_file_or_dev_path>``
+``<subplatform_type> (<url_file_or_dev_path>)``
 
 Examples output:
 
@@ -171,6 +213,15 @@ Examples output:
 
 - ['ssh-rsa AA...', ...]
 
+v1.python_version
+-----------------
+The version of python that is running cloud-init as determined by
+`cloudinit.util.system_info`
+
+Example output:
+
+- 3.7.6
+
 v1.region
 ---------
 The physical region/data center in which the instance is deployed.
@@ -192,164 +243,265 @@ Examples output:
 Example Output
 --------------
 
-Below is an example of ``/run/cloud-init/instance_data.json`` on an EC2
-instance:
+Below is an example of ``/run/cloud-init/instance-data-sensitive.json`` on an
+EC2 instance:
 
 .. sourcecode:: json
 
   {
+   "_beta_keys": [
+    "subplatform"
+   ],
+   "availability_zone": "us-east-1b",
    "base64_encoded_keys": [],
+   "merged_cfg": {
+    "_doc": "Merged cloud-init system config from /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg and /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/",
+    "_log": [
+     "[loggers]\nkeys=root,cloudinit\n\n[handlers]\nkeys=consoleHandler,cloudLogHandler\n\n[formatters]\nkeys=simpleFormatter,arg0Formatter\n\n[logger_root]\nlevel=DEBUG\nhandlers=consoleHandler,cloudLogHandler\n\n[logger_cloudinit]\nlevel=DEBUG\nqualname=cloudinit\nhandlers=\npropagate=1\n\n[handler_consoleHandler]\nclass=StreamHandler\nlevel=WARNING\nformatter=arg0Formatter\nargs=(sys.stderr,)\n\n[formatter_arg0Formatter]\nformat=%(asctime)s - %(filename)s[%(levelname)s]: %(message)s\n\n[formatter_simpleFormatter]\nformat=[CLOUDINIT] %(filename)s[%(levelname)s]: %(message)s\n",
+     "[handler_cloudLogHandler]\nclass=FileHandler\nlevel=DEBUG\nformatter=arg0Formatter\nargs=('/var/log/cloud-init.log',)\n",
+     "[handler_cloudLogHandler]\nclass=handlers.SysLogHandler\nlevel=DEBUG\nformatter=simpleFormatter\nargs=(\"/dev/log\", handlers.SysLogHandler.LOG_USER)\n"
+    ],
+    "cloud_config_modules": [
+     "emit_upstart",
+     "snap",
+     "ssh-import-id",
+     "locale",
+     "set-passwords",
+     "grub-dpkg",
+     "apt-pipelining",
+     "apt-configure",
+     "ubuntu-advantage",
+     "ntp",
+     "timezone",
+     "disable-ec2-metadata",
+     "runcmd",
+     "byobu"
+    ],
+    "cloud_final_modules": [
+     "package-update-upgrade-install",
+     "fan",
+     "landscape",
+     "lxd",
+     "ubuntu-drivers",
+     "puppet",
+     "chef",
+     "mcollective",
+     "salt-minion",
+     "rightscale_userdata",
+     "scripts-vendor",
+     "scripts-per-once",
+     "scripts-per-boot",
+     "scripts-per-instance",
+     "scripts-user",
+     "ssh-authkey-fingerprints",
+     "keys-to-console",
+     "phone-home",
+     "final-message",
+     "power-state-change"
+    ],
+    "cloud_init_modules": [
+     "migrator",
+     "seed_random",
+     "bootcmd",
+     "write-files",
+     "growpart",
+     "resizefs",
+     "disk_setup",
+     "mounts",
+     "set_hostname",
+     "update_hostname",
+     "update_etc_hosts",
+     "ca-certs",
+     "rsyslog",
+     "users-groups",
+     "ssh"
+    ],
+    "datasource_list": [
+     "Ec2",
+     "None"
+    ],
+    "def_log_file": "/var/log/cloud-init.log",
+    "disable_root": true,
+    "log_cfgs": [
+     [
+      "[loggers]\nkeys=root,cloudinit\n\n[handlers]\nkeys=consoleHandler,cloudLogHandler\n\n[formatters]\nkeys=simpleFormatter,arg0Formatter\n\n[logger_root]\nlevel=DEBUG\nhandlers=consoleHandler,cloudLogHandler\n\n[logger_cloudinit]\nlevel=DEBUG\nqualname=cloudinit\nhandlers=\npropagate=1\n\n[handler_consoleHandler]\nclass=StreamHandler\nlevel=WARNING\nformatter=arg0Formatter\nargs=(sys.stderr,)\n\n[formatter_arg0Formatter]\nformat=%(asctime)s - %(filename)s[%(levelname)s]: %(message)s\n\n[formatter_simpleFormatter]\nformat=[CLOUDINIT] %(filename)s[%(levelname)s]: %(message)s\n",
+      "[handler_cloudLogHandler]\nclass=FileHandler\nlevel=DEBUG\nformatter=arg0Formatter\nargs=('/var/log/cloud-init.log',)\n"
+     ]
+    ],
+    "output": {
+     "all": "| tee -a /var/log/cloud-init-output.log"
+    },
+    "preserve_hostname": false,
+    "syslog_fix_perms": [
+     "syslog:adm",
+     "root:adm",
+     "root:wheel",
+     "root:root"
+    ],
+    "users": [
+     "default"
+    ],
+    "vendor_data": {
+     "enabled": true,
+     "prefix": []
+    }
+   },
+   "cloud_name": "aws",
+   "distro": "ubuntu",
+   "distro_release": "focal",
+   "distro_version": "20.04",
    "ds": {
     "_doc": "EXPERIMENTAL: The structure and format of content scoped under the 'ds' key may change in subsequent releases of cloud-init.",
     "_metadata_api_version": "2016-09-02",
     "dynamic": {
-     "instance-identity": {
+     "instance_identity": {
       "document": {
-       "accountId": "437526006925",
+       "accountId": "329910648901",
        "architecture": "x86_64",
-       "availabilityZone": "us-east-2b",
+       "availabilityZone": "us-east-1b",
        "billingProducts": null,
        "devpayProductCodes": null,
-       "imageId": "ami-079638aae7046bdd2",
-       "instanceId": "i-075f088c72ad3271c",
+       "imageId": "ami-02e8aa396f8be3b6d",
+       "instanceId": "i-0929128ff2f73a2f1",
        "instanceType": "t2.micro",
        "kernelId": null,
        "marketplaceProductCodes": null,
-       "pendingTime": "2018-10-05T20:10:43Z",
-       "privateIp": "10.41.41.95",
+       "pendingTime": "2020-02-27T20:46:18Z",
+       "privateIp": "172.31.81.43",
        "ramdiskId": null,
-       "region": "us-east-2",
+       "region": "us-east-1",
        "version": "2017-09-30"
       },
       "pkcs7": [
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-       "JLZBkrB2GJA8A4WJ1okq++jSrBIAAAAAAAA="
+       "MIAGCSqGSIb3DQ...",
+       "REDACTED",
+       "AhQUgq0iPWqPTVnT96tZE6L1XjjLHQAAAAAAAA=="
       ],
       "rsa2048": [
-       "MIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAqCAMIACAQExDzANBglghkgBZQMEAgEFADCABgkqhkiG9w0BBwGggCSABIIB",
-       "23sKICAiZGV2cGF5UHJvZHVjdENvZGVzIiA6IG51bGwsCiAgIm1hcmtldHBsYWNlUHJvZHVjdENv",
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-       "NDZiZGQyIiwKICAicGVuZGluZ1RpbWUiIDogIjIwMTgtMTAtMDVUMjA6MTA6NDNaIiwKICAicmVn",
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-       "b24gV2ViIFNlcnZpY2VzIExMQwIJAM07oeX4xevdMA0GCWCGSAFlAwQCAQUAoGkwGAYJKoZIhvcN",
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-       "fmkjI2pNRB8spc0k4UG4egqLrqCz67WuK38tjwAAAAAAAA=="
+       "MIAGCSqGSIb...",
+       "REDACTED",
+       "clYQvuE45xXm7Yreg3QtQbrP//owl1eZHj6s350AAAAAAAA="
       ],
       "signature": [
-       "Tsw6h+V3WnxrNVSXBYIOs1V4j95YR1mLPPH45XnhX0/Ei3waJqf7/7EEKGYP1Cr4PTYEULtZ7Mvf",
-       "+xJpM50Ivs2bdF7o0c4vnplRWe3f06NI9pv50dr110j/wNzP4MZ1pLhJCqubQOaaBTF3LFutgRrt",
-       "r4B0mN3p7EcqD8G+ll0="
+       "dA+QV+LLCWCRNddnrKleYmh2GvYo+t8urDkdgmDSsPi",
+       "REDACTED",
+       "kDT4ygyJLFkd3b4qjAs="
       ]
      }
     },
-    "meta-data": {
-     "ami-id": "ami-079638aae7046bdd2",
-     "ami-launch-index": "0",
-     "ami-manifest-path": "(unknown)",
-     "block-device-mapping": {
+    "meta_data": {
+     "ami_id": "ami-02e8aa396f8be3b6d",
+     "ami_launch_index": "0",
+     "ami_manifest_path": "(unknown)",
+     "block_device_mapping": {
       "ami": "/dev/sda1",
-      "ephemeral0": "sdb",
-      "ephemeral1": "sdc",
       "root": "/dev/sda1"
      },
-     "hostname": "ip-10-41-41-95.us-east-2.compute.internal",
-     "instance-action": "none",
-     "instance-id": "i-075f088c72ad3271c",
-     "instance-type": "t2.micro",
-     "local-hostname": "ip-10-41-41-95.us-east-2.compute.internal",
-     "local-ipv4": "10.41.41.95",
-     "mac": "06:74:8f:39:cd:a6",
+     "hostname": "ip-172-31-81-43.ec2.internal",
+     "instance_action": "none",
+     "instance_id": "i-0929128ff2f73a2f1",
+     "instance_type": "t2.micro",
+     "local_hostname": "ip-172-31-81-43.ec2.internal",
+     "local_ipv4": "172.31.81.43",
+     "mac": "12:7e:c9:93:29:af",
      "metrics": {
       "vhostmd": "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"
      },
      "network": {
       "interfaces": {
        "macs": {
-       "06:74:8f:39:cd:a6": {
-        "device-number": "0",
-        "interface-id": "eni-052058bbd7831eaae",
-        "ipv4-associations": {
-         "18.218.221.122": "10.41.41.95"
-        },
-        "local-hostname": "ip-10-41-41-95.us-east-2.compute.internal",
-        "local-ipv4s": "10.41.41.95",
-        "mac": "06:74:8f:39:cd:a6",
-        "owner-id": "437526006925",
-        "public-hostname": "ec2-18-218-221-122.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com",
-        "public-ipv4s": "18.218.221.122",
-        "security-group-ids": "sg-828247e9",
-        "security-groups": "Cloud-init integration test secgroup",
-        "subnet-id": "subnet-282f3053",
-        "subnet-ipv4-cidr-block": "10.41.41.0/24",
-        "subnet-ipv6-cidr-blocks": "2600:1f16:b80:ad00::/64",
-        "vpc-id": "vpc-252ef24d",
-        "vpc-ipv4-cidr-block": "10.41.0.0/16",
-        "vpc-ipv4-cidr-blocks": "10.41.0.0/16",
-        "vpc-ipv6-cidr-blocks": "2600:1f16:b80:ad00::/56"
-       }
+        "12:7e:c9:93:29:af": {
+         "device_number": "0",
+         "interface_id": "eni-0c07a0474339b801d",
+         "ipv4_associations": {
+          "3.89.187.177": "172.31.81.43"
+         },
+         "local_hostname": "ip-172-31-81-43.ec2.internal",
+         "local_ipv4s": "172.31.81.43",
+         "mac": "12:7e:c9:93:29:af",
+         "owner_id": "329910648901",
+         "public_hostname": "ec2-3-89-187-177.compute-1.amazonaws.com",
+         "public_ipv4s": "3.89.187.177",
+         "security_group_ids": "sg-0100038b68aa79986",
+         "security_groups": "launch-wizard-3",
+         "subnet_id": "subnet-04e2d12a",
+         "subnet_ipv4_cidr_block": "172.31.80.0/20",
+         "vpc_id": "vpc-210b4b5b",
+         "vpc_ipv4_cidr_block": "172.31.0.0/16",
+         "vpc_ipv4_cidr_blocks": "172.31.0.0/16"
+        }
        }
       }
      },
      "placement": {
-      "availability-zone": "us-east-2b"
+      "availability_zone": "us-east-1b"
      },
      "profile": "default-hvm",
-     "public-hostname": "ec2-18-218-221-122.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com",
-     "public-ipv4": "18.218.221.122",
-     "public-keys": {
-      "cloud-init-integration": [
-       "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDSL7uWGj8cgWyIOaspgKdVy0cKJ+UTjfv7jBOjG2H/GN8bJVXy72XAvnhM0dUM+CCs8FOf0YlPX+Frvz2hKInrmRhZVwRSL129PasD12MlI3l44u6IwS1o/W86Q+tkQYEljtqDOo0a+cOsaZkvUNzUyEXUwz/lmYa6G4hMKZH4NBj7nbAAF96wsMCoyNwbWryBnDYUr6wMbjRR1J9Pw7Xh7WRC73wy4Va2YuOgbD3V/5ZrFPLbWZW/7TFXVrql04QVbyei4aiFR5n//GvoqwQDNe58LmbzX/xvxyKJYdny2zXmdAhMxbrpFQsfpkJ9E/H5w0yOdSvnWbUoG5xNGoOB cloud-init-integration"
-      ]
-     },
-     "reservation-id": "r-0594a20e31f6cfe46",
-     "security-groups": "Cloud-init integration test secgroup",
+     "public_hostname": "ec2-3-89-187-177.compute-1.amazonaws.com",
+     "public_ipv4": "3.89.187.177",
+     "reservation_id": "r-0c481643d15766a02",
+     "security_groups": "launch-wizard-3",
      "services": {
       "domain": "amazonaws.com",
       "partition": "aws"
      }
     }
    },
+   "instance_id": "i-0929128ff2f73a2f1",
+   "kernel_release": "5.3.0-1010-aws",
+   "local_hostname": "ip-172-31-81-43",
+   "machine": "x86_64",
+   "platform": "ec2",
+   "public_ssh_keys": [],
+   "python_version": "3.7.6",
+   "region": "us-east-1",
    "sensitive_keys": [],
+   "subplatform": "metadata (http://169.254.169.254)",
+   "sys_info": {
+    "dist": [
+     "ubuntu",
+     "20.04",
+     "focal"
+    ],
+    "platform": "Linux-5.3.0-1010-aws-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-20.04-focal",
+    "python": "3.7.6",
+    "release": "5.3.0-1010-aws",
+    "system": "Linux",
+    "uname": [
+     "Linux",
+     "ip-172-31-81-43",
+     "5.3.0-1010-aws",
+     "#11-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jan 16 07:59:32 UTC 2020",
+     "x86_64",
+     "x86_64"
+    ],
+    "variant": "ubuntu"
+   },
+   "system_platform": "Linux-5.3.0-1010-aws-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-20.04-focal",
+   "userdata": "#cloud-config\nssh_import_id: [<my-launchpad-id>]\n...",
    "v1": {
     "_beta_keys": [
      "subplatform"
     ],
-    "availability-zone": "us-east-2b",
-    "availability_zone": "us-east-2b",
+    "availability_zone": "us-east-1b",
     "cloud_name": "aws",
-    "instance_id": "i-075f088c72ad3271c",
-    "local_hostname": "ip-10-41-41-95",
+    "distro": "ubuntu",
+    "distro_release": "focal",
+    "distro_version": "20.04",
+    "instance_id": "i-0929128ff2f73a2f1",
+    "kernel": "5.3.0-1010-aws",
+    "local_hostname": "ip-172-31-81-43",
+    "machine": "x86_64",
     "platform": "ec2",
-    "public_ssh_keys": [
-     "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDSL7uWGj8cgWyIOaspgKdVy0cKJ+UTjfv7jBOjG2H/GN8bJVXy72XAvnhM0dUM+CCs8FOf0YlPX+Frvz2hKInrmRhZVwRSL129PasD12MlI3l44u6IwS1o/W86Q+tkQYEljtqDOo0a+cOsaZkvUNzUyEXUwz/lmYa6G4hMKZH4NBj7nbAAF96wsMCoyNwbWryBnDYUr6wMbjRR1J9Pw7Xh7WRC73wy4Va2YuOgbD3V/5ZrFPLbWZW/7TFXVrql04QVbyei4aiFR5n//GvoqwQDNe58LmbzX/xvxyKJYdny2zXmdAhMxbrpFQsfpkJ9E/H5w0yOdSvnWbUoG5xNGoOB cloud-init-integration"
-    ],
-    "region": "us-east-2",
-    "subplatform": "metadata (http://169.254.169.254)"
-   }
+    "public_ssh_keys": [],
+    "python": "3.7.6",
+    "region": "us-east-1",
+    "subplatform": "metadata (http://169.254.169.254)",
+    "system_platform": "Linux-5.3.0-1010-aws-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-20.04-focal",
+    "variant": "ubuntu"
+   },
+   "variant": "ubuntu",
+   "vendordata": ""
   }