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-rw-r--r--tests/unittests/cmd/devel/__init__.py0
-rw-r--r--tests/unittests/cmd/devel/test_hotplug_hook.py236
-rw-r--r--tests/unittests/cmd/devel/test_logs.py213
-rw-r--r--tests/unittests/cmd/devel/test_render.py154
4 files changed, 603 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/tests/unittests/cmd/devel/__init__.py b/tests/unittests/cmd/devel/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unittests/cmd/devel/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/unittests/cmd/devel/test_hotplug_hook.py b/tests/unittests/cmd/devel/test_hotplug_hook.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ecb5969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unittests/cmd/devel/test_hotplug_hook.py
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+from collections import namedtuple
+from unittest import mock
+from unittest.mock import call
+
+import pytest
+
+from cloudinit.cmd.devel.hotplug_hook import handle_hotplug
+from cloudinit.distros import Distro
+from cloudinit.event import EventType
+from cloudinit.net.activators import NetworkActivator
+from cloudinit.net.network_state import NetworkState
+from cloudinit.sources import DataSource
+from cloudinit.stages import Init
+
+hotplug_args = namedtuple("hotplug_args", "udevaction, subsystem, devpath")
+FAKE_MAC = "11:22:33:44:55:66"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mocks():
+ m_init = mock.MagicMock(spec=Init)
+ m_distro = mock.MagicMock(spec=Distro)
+ m_datasource = mock.MagicMock(spec=DataSource)
+ m_datasource.distro = m_distro
+ m_init.datasource = m_datasource
+ m_init.fetch.return_value = m_datasource
+
+ read_sys_net = mock.patch(
+ "cloudinit.cmd.devel.hotplug_hook.read_sys_net_safe",
+ return_value=FAKE_MAC,
+ )
+
+ update_event_enabled = mock.patch(
+ "cloudinit.stages.update_event_enabled",
+ return_value=True,
+ )
+
+ m_network_state = mock.MagicMock(spec=NetworkState)
+ parse_net = mock.patch(
+ "cloudinit.cmd.devel.hotplug_hook.parse_net_config_data",
+ return_value=m_network_state,
+ )
+
+ m_activator = mock.MagicMock(spec=NetworkActivator)
+ select_activator = mock.patch(
+ "cloudinit.cmd.devel.hotplug_hook.activators.select_activator",
+ return_value=m_activator,
+ )
+
+ sleep = mock.patch("time.sleep")
+
+ read_sys_net.start()
+ update_event_enabled.start()
+ parse_net.start()
+ select_activator.start()
+ m_sleep = sleep.start()
+
+ yield namedtuple("mocks", "m_init m_network_state m_activator m_sleep")(
+ m_init=m_init,
+ m_network_state=m_network_state,
+ m_activator=m_activator,
+ m_sleep=m_sleep,
+ )
+
+ read_sys_net.stop()
+ update_event_enabled.stop()
+ parse_net.stop()
+ select_activator.stop()
+ sleep.stop()
+
+
+class TestUnsupportedActions:
+ def test_unsupported_subsystem(self, mocks):
+ with pytest.raises(
+ Exception, match="cannot handle events for subsystem: not_real"
+ ):
+ handle_hotplug(
+ hotplug_init=mocks.m_init,
+ devpath="/dev/fake",
+ subsystem="not_real",
+ udevaction="add",
+ )
+
+ def test_unsupported_udevaction(self, mocks):
+ with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unknown action: not_real"):
+ handle_hotplug(
+ hotplug_init=mocks.m_init,
+ devpath="/dev/fake",
+ udevaction="not_real",
+ subsystem="net",
+ )
+
+
+class TestHotplug:
+ def test_succcessful_add(self, mocks):
+ init = mocks.m_init
+ mocks.m_network_state.iter_interfaces.return_value = [
+ {
+ "mac_address": FAKE_MAC,
+ }
+ ]
+ handle_hotplug(
+ hotplug_init=init,
+ devpath="/dev/fake",
+ udevaction="add",
+ subsystem="net",
+ )
+ init.datasource.update_metadata_if_supported.assert_called_once_with(
+ [EventType.HOTPLUG]
+ )
+ mocks.m_activator.bring_up_interface.assert_called_once_with("fake")
+ mocks.m_activator.bring_down_interface.assert_not_called()
+ init._write_to_cache.assert_called_once_with()
+
+ def test_successful_remove(self, mocks):
+ init = mocks.m_init
+ mocks.m_network_state.iter_interfaces.return_value = [{}]
+ handle_hotplug(
+ hotplug_init=init,
+ devpath="/dev/fake",
+ udevaction="remove",
+ subsystem="net",
+ )
+ init.datasource.update_metadata_if_supported.assert_called_once_with(
+ [EventType.HOTPLUG]
+ )
+ mocks.m_activator.bring_down_interface.assert_called_once_with("fake")
+ mocks.m_activator.bring_up_interface.assert_not_called()
+ init._write_to_cache.assert_called_once_with()
+
+ def test_update_event_disabled(self, mocks, caplog):
+ init = mocks.m_init
+ with mock.patch(
+ "cloudinit.stages.update_event_enabled", return_value=False
+ ):
+ handle_hotplug(
+ hotplug_init=init,
+ devpath="/dev/fake",
+ udevaction="remove",
+ subsystem="net",
+ )
+ assert "hotplug not enabled for event of type" in caplog.text
+ init.datasource.update_metadata_if_supported.assert_not_called()
+ mocks.m_activator.bring_up_interface.assert_not_called()
+ mocks.m_activator.bring_down_interface.assert_not_called()
+ init._write_to_cache.assert_not_called()
+
+ def test_update_metadata_failed(self, mocks):
+ mocks.m_init.datasource.update_metadata_if_supported.return_value = (
+ False
+ )
+ with pytest.raises(
+ RuntimeError, match="Datasource .* not updated for event hotplug"
+ ):
+ handle_hotplug(
+ hotplug_init=mocks.m_init,
+ devpath="/dev/fake",
+ udevaction="remove",
+ subsystem="net",
+ )
+
+ def test_detect_hotplugged_device_not_detected_on_add(self, mocks):
+ mocks.m_network_state.iter_interfaces.return_value = [{}]
+ with pytest.raises(
+ RuntimeError,
+ match="Failed to detect {} in updated metadata".format(FAKE_MAC),
+ ):
+ handle_hotplug(
+ hotplug_init=mocks.m_init,
+ devpath="/dev/fake",
+ udevaction="add",
+ subsystem="net",
+ )
+
+ def test_detect_hotplugged_device_detected_on_remove(self, mocks):
+ mocks.m_network_state.iter_interfaces.return_value = [
+ {
+ "mac_address": FAKE_MAC,
+ }
+ ]
+ with pytest.raises(
+ RuntimeError, match="Failed to detect .* in updated metadata"
+ ):
+ handle_hotplug(
+ hotplug_init=mocks.m_init,
+ devpath="/dev/fake",
+ udevaction="remove",
+ subsystem="net",
+ )
+
+ def test_apply_failed_on_add(self, mocks):
+ mocks.m_network_state.iter_interfaces.return_value = [
+ {
+ "mac_address": FAKE_MAC,
+ }
+ ]
+ mocks.m_activator.bring_up_interface.return_value = False
+ with pytest.raises(
+ RuntimeError, match="Failed to bring up device: /dev/fake"
+ ):
+ handle_hotplug(
+ hotplug_init=mocks.m_init,
+ devpath="/dev/fake",
+ udevaction="add",
+ subsystem="net",
+ )
+
+ def test_apply_failed_on_remove(self, mocks):
+ mocks.m_network_state.iter_interfaces.return_value = [{}]
+ mocks.m_activator.bring_down_interface.return_value = False
+ with pytest.raises(
+ RuntimeError, match="Failed to bring down device: /dev/fake"
+ ):
+ handle_hotplug(
+ hotplug_init=mocks.m_init,
+ devpath="/dev/fake",
+ udevaction="remove",
+ subsystem="net",
+ )
+
+ def test_retry(self, mocks):
+ with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+ handle_hotplug(
+ hotplug_init=mocks.m_init,
+ devpath="/dev/fake",
+ udevaction="add",
+ subsystem="net",
+ )
+ assert mocks.m_sleep.call_count == 5
+ assert mocks.m_sleep.call_args_list == [
+ call(1),
+ call(3),
+ call(5),
+ call(10),
+ call(30),
+ ]
diff --git a/tests/unittests/cmd/devel/test_logs.py b/tests/unittests/cmd/devel/test_logs.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73ed3c65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unittests/cmd/devel/test_logs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+# This file is part of cloud-init. See LICENSE file for license information.
+
+import os
+from datetime import datetime
+from io import StringIO
+
+from cloudinit.cmd.devel import logs
+from cloudinit.sources import INSTANCE_JSON_SENSITIVE_FILE
+from cloudinit.subp import subp
+from cloudinit.util import ensure_dir, load_file, write_file
+from tests.unittests.helpers import (
+ FilesystemMockingTestCase,
+ mock,
+ wrap_and_call,
+)
+
+
+@mock.patch("cloudinit.cmd.devel.logs.os.getuid")
+class TestCollectLogs(FilesystemMockingTestCase):
+ def setUp(self):
+ super(TestCollectLogs, self).setUp()
+ self.new_root = self.tmp_dir()
+ self.run_dir = self.tmp_path("run", self.new_root)
+
+ def test_collect_logs_with_userdata_requires_root_user(self, m_getuid):
+ """collect-logs errors when non-root user collects userdata ."""
+ m_getuid.return_value = 100 # non-root
+ output_tarfile = self.tmp_path("logs.tgz")
+ with mock.patch("sys.stderr", new_callable=StringIO) as m_stderr:
+ self.assertEqual(
+ 1, logs.collect_logs(output_tarfile, include_userdata=True)
+ )
+ self.assertEqual(
+ "To include userdata, root user is required."
+ " Try sudo cloud-init collect-logs\n",
+ m_stderr.getvalue(),
+ )
+
+ def test_collect_logs_creates_tarfile(self, m_getuid):
+ """collect-logs creates a tarfile with all related cloud-init info."""
+ m_getuid.return_value = 100
+ log1 = self.tmp_path("cloud-init.log", self.new_root)
+ write_file(log1, "cloud-init-log")
+ log2 = self.tmp_path("cloud-init-output.log", self.new_root)
+ write_file(log2, "cloud-init-output-log")
+ ensure_dir(self.run_dir)
+ write_file(self.tmp_path("results.json", self.run_dir), "results")
+ write_file(
+ self.tmp_path(INSTANCE_JSON_SENSITIVE_FILE, self.run_dir),
+ "sensitive",
+ )
+ output_tarfile = self.tmp_path("logs.tgz")
+
+ date = datetime.utcnow().date().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+ date_logdir = "cloud-init-logs-{0}".format(date)
+
+ version_out = "/usr/bin/cloud-init 18.2fake\n"
+ expected_subp = {
+ (
+ "dpkg-query",
+ "--show",
+ "-f=${Version}\n",
+ "cloud-init",
+ ): "0.7fake\n",
+ ("cloud-init", "--version"): version_out,
+ ("dmesg",): "dmesg-out\n",
+ ("journalctl", "--boot=0", "-o", "short-precise"): "journal-out\n",
+ ("tar", "czvf", output_tarfile, date_logdir): "",
+ }
+
+ def fake_subp(cmd):
+ cmd_tuple = tuple(cmd)
+ if cmd_tuple not in expected_subp:
+ raise AssertionError(
+ "Unexpected command provided to subp: {0}".format(cmd)
+ )
+ if cmd == ["tar", "czvf", output_tarfile, date_logdir]:
+ subp(cmd) # Pass through tar cmd so we can check output
+ return expected_subp[cmd_tuple], ""
+
+ fake_stderr = mock.MagicMock()
+
+ wrap_and_call(
+ "cloudinit.cmd.devel.logs",
+ {
+ "subp": {"side_effect": fake_subp},
+ "sys.stderr": {"new": fake_stderr},
+ "CLOUDINIT_LOGS": {"new": [log1, log2]},
+ "CLOUDINIT_RUN_DIR": {"new": self.run_dir},
+ },
+ logs.collect_logs,
+ output_tarfile,
+ include_userdata=False,
+ )
+ # unpack the tarfile and check file contents
+ subp(["tar", "zxvf", output_tarfile, "-C", self.new_root])
+ out_logdir = self.tmp_path(date_logdir, self.new_root)
+ self.assertFalse(
+ os.path.exists(
+ os.path.join(
+ out_logdir,
+ "run",
+ "cloud-init",
+ INSTANCE_JSON_SENSITIVE_FILE,
+ )
+ ),
+ "Unexpected file found: %s" % INSTANCE_JSON_SENSITIVE_FILE,
+ )
+ self.assertEqual(
+ "0.7fake\n", load_file(os.path.join(out_logdir, "dpkg-version"))
+ )
+ self.assertEqual(
+ version_out, load_file(os.path.join(out_logdir, "version"))
+ )
+ self.assertEqual(
+ "cloud-init-log",
+ load_file(os.path.join(out_logdir, "cloud-init.log")),
+ )
+ self.assertEqual(
+ "cloud-init-output-log",
+ load_file(os.path.join(out_logdir, "cloud-init-output.log")),
+ )
+ self.assertEqual(
+ "dmesg-out\n", load_file(os.path.join(out_logdir, "dmesg.txt"))
+ )
+ self.assertEqual(
+ "journal-out\n", load_file(os.path.join(out_logdir, "journal.txt"))
+ )
+ self.assertEqual(
+ "results",
+ load_file(
+ os.path.join(out_logdir, "run", "cloud-init", "results.json")
+ ),
+ )
+ fake_stderr.write.assert_any_call("Wrote %s\n" % output_tarfile)
+
+ def test_collect_logs_includes_optional_userdata(self, m_getuid):
+ """collect-logs include userdata when --include-userdata is set."""
+ m_getuid.return_value = 0
+ log1 = self.tmp_path("cloud-init.log", self.new_root)
+ write_file(log1, "cloud-init-log")
+ log2 = self.tmp_path("cloud-init-output.log", self.new_root)
+ write_file(log2, "cloud-init-output-log")
+ userdata = self.tmp_path("user-data.txt", self.new_root)
+ write_file(userdata, "user-data")
+ ensure_dir(self.run_dir)
+ write_file(self.tmp_path("results.json", self.run_dir), "results")
+ write_file(
+ self.tmp_path(INSTANCE_JSON_SENSITIVE_FILE, self.run_dir),
+ "sensitive",
+ )
+ output_tarfile = self.tmp_path("logs.tgz")
+
+ date = datetime.utcnow().date().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+ date_logdir = "cloud-init-logs-{0}".format(date)
+
+ version_out = "/usr/bin/cloud-init 18.2fake\n"
+ expected_subp = {
+ (
+ "dpkg-query",
+ "--show",
+ "-f=${Version}\n",
+ "cloud-init",
+ ): "0.7fake",
+ ("cloud-init", "--version"): version_out,
+ ("dmesg",): "dmesg-out\n",
+ ("journalctl", "--boot=0", "-o", "short-precise"): "journal-out\n",
+ ("tar", "czvf", output_tarfile, date_logdir): "",
+ }
+
+ def fake_subp(cmd):
+ cmd_tuple = tuple(cmd)
+ if cmd_tuple not in expected_subp:
+ raise AssertionError(
+ "Unexpected command provided to subp: {0}".format(cmd)
+ )
+ if cmd == ["tar", "czvf", output_tarfile, date_logdir]:
+ subp(cmd) # Pass through tar cmd so we can check output
+ return expected_subp[cmd_tuple], ""
+
+ fake_stderr = mock.MagicMock()
+
+ wrap_and_call(
+ "cloudinit.cmd.devel.logs",
+ {
+ "subp": {"side_effect": fake_subp},
+ "sys.stderr": {"new": fake_stderr},
+ "CLOUDINIT_LOGS": {"new": [log1, log2]},
+ "CLOUDINIT_RUN_DIR": {"new": self.run_dir},
+ "USER_DATA_FILE": {"new": userdata},
+ },
+ logs.collect_logs,
+ output_tarfile,
+ include_userdata=True,
+ )
+ # unpack the tarfile and check file contents
+ subp(["tar", "zxvf", output_tarfile, "-C", self.new_root])
+ out_logdir = self.tmp_path(date_logdir, self.new_root)
+ self.assertEqual(
+ "user-data", load_file(os.path.join(out_logdir, "user-data.txt"))
+ )
+ self.assertEqual(
+ "sensitive",
+ load_file(
+ os.path.join(
+ out_logdir,
+ "run",
+ "cloud-init",
+ INSTANCE_JSON_SENSITIVE_FILE,
+ )
+ ),
+ )
+ fake_stderr.write.assert_any_call("Wrote %s\n" % output_tarfile)
diff --git a/tests/unittests/cmd/devel/test_render.py b/tests/unittests/cmd/devel/test_render.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4afc64f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unittests/cmd/devel/test_render.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# This file is part of cloud-init. See LICENSE file for license information.
+
+import os
+from collections import namedtuple
+from io import StringIO
+
+from cloudinit.cmd.devel import render
+from cloudinit.helpers import Paths
+from cloudinit.sources import INSTANCE_JSON_FILE, INSTANCE_JSON_SENSITIVE_FILE
+from cloudinit.util import ensure_dir, write_file
+from tests.unittests.helpers import CiTestCase, mock, skipUnlessJinja
+
+
+class TestRender(CiTestCase):
+
+ with_logs = True
+
+ args = namedtuple("renderargs", "user_data instance_data debug")
+
+ def setUp(self):
+ super(TestRender, self).setUp()
+ self.tmp = self.tmp_dir()
+
+ def test_handle_args_error_on_missing_user_data(self):
+ """When user_data file path does not exist, log an error."""
+ absent_file = self.tmp_path("user-data", dir=self.tmp)
+ instance_data = self.tmp_path("instance-data", dir=self.tmp)
+ write_file(instance_data, "{}")
+ args = self.args(
+ user_data=absent_file, instance_data=instance_data, debug=False
+ )
+ with mock.patch("sys.stderr", new_callable=StringIO):
+ self.assertEqual(1, render.handle_args("anyname", args))
+ self.assertIn(
+ "Missing user-data file: %s" % absent_file, self.logs.getvalue()
+ )
+
+ def test_handle_args_error_on_missing_instance_data(self):
+ """When instance_data file path does not exist, log an error."""
+ user_data = self.tmp_path("user-data", dir=self.tmp)
+ absent_file = self.tmp_path("instance-data", dir=self.tmp)
+ args = self.args(
+ user_data=user_data, instance_data=absent_file, debug=False
+ )
+ with mock.patch("sys.stderr", new_callable=StringIO):
+ self.assertEqual(1, render.handle_args("anyname", args))
+ self.assertIn(
+ "Missing instance-data.json file: %s" % absent_file,
+ self.logs.getvalue(),
+ )
+
+ def test_handle_args_defaults_instance_data(self):
+ """When no instance_data argument, default to configured run_dir."""
+ user_data = self.tmp_path("user-data", dir=self.tmp)
+ run_dir = self.tmp_path("run_dir", dir=self.tmp)
+ ensure_dir(run_dir)
+ paths = Paths({"run_dir": run_dir})
+ self.add_patch("cloudinit.cmd.devel.render.read_cfg_paths", "m_paths")
+ self.m_paths.return_value = paths
+ args = self.args(user_data=user_data, instance_data=None, debug=False)
+ with mock.patch("sys.stderr", new_callable=StringIO):
+ self.assertEqual(1, render.handle_args("anyname", args))
+ json_file = os.path.join(run_dir, INSTANCE_JSON_FILE)
+ self.assertIn(
+ "Missing instance-data.json file: %s" % json_file,
+ self.logs.getvalue(),
+ )
+
+ def test_handle_args_root_fallback_from_sensitive_instance_data(self):
+ """When root user defaults to sensitive.json."""
+ user_data = self.tmp_path("user-data", dir=self.tmp)
+ run_dir = self.tmp_path("run_dir", dir=self.tmp)
+ ensure_dir(run_dir)
+ paths = Paths({"run_dir": run_dir})
+ self.add_patch("cloudinit.cmd.devel.render.read_cfg_paths", "m_paths")
+ self.m_paths.return_value = paths
+ args = self.args(user_data=user_data, instance_data=None, debug=False)
+ with mock.patch("sys.stderr", new_callable=StringIO):
+ with mock.patch("os.getuid") as m_getuid:
+ m_getuid.return_value = 0
+ self.assertEqual(1, render.handle_args("anyname", args))
+ json_file = os.path.join(run_dir, INSTANCE_JSON_FILE)
+ json_sensitive = os.path.join(run_dir, INSTANCE_JSON_SENSITIVE_FILE)
+ self.assertIn(
+ "WARNING: Missing root-readable %s. Using redacted %s"
+ % (json_sensitive, json_file),
+ self.logs.getvalue(),
+ )
+ self.assertIn(
+ "ERROR: Missing instance-data.json file: %s" % json_file,
+ self.logs.getvalue(),
+ )
+
+ def test_handle_args_root_uses_sensitive_instance_data(self):
+ """When root user, and no instance-data arg, use sensitive.json."""
+ user_data = self.tmp_path("user-data", dir=self.tmp)
+ write_file(user_data, "##template: jinja\nrendering: {{ my_var }}")
+ run_dir = self.tmp_path("run_dir", dir=self.tmp)
+ ensure_dir(run_dir)
+ json_sensitive = os.path.join(run_dir, INSTANCE_JSON_SENSITIVE_FILE)
+ write_file(json_sensitive, '{"my-var": "jinja worked"}')
+ paths = Paths({"run_dir": run_dir})
+ self.add_patch("cloudinit.cmd.devel.render.read_cfg_paths", "m_paths")
+ self.m_paths.return_value = paths
+ args = self.args(user_data=user_data, instance_data=None, debug=False)
+ with mock.patch("sys.stderr", new_callable=StringIO):
+ with mock.patch("sys.stdout", new_callable=StringIO) as m_stdout:
+ with mock.patch("os.getuid") as m_getuid:
+ m_getuid.return_value = 0
+ self.assertEqual(0, render.handle_args("anyname", args))
+ self.assertIn("rendering: jinja worked", m_stdout.getvalue())
+
+ @skipUnlessJinja()
+ def test_handle_args_renders_instance_data_vars_in_template(self):
+ """If user_data file is a jinja template render instance-data vars."""
+ user_data = self.tmp_path("user-data", dir=self.tmp)
+ write_file(user_data, "##template: jinja\nrendering: {{ my_var }}")
+ instance_data = self.tmp_path("instance-data", dir=self.tmp)
+ write_file(instance_data, '{"my-var": "jinja worked"}')
+ args = self.args(
+ user_data=user_data, instance_data=instance_data, debug=True
+ )
+ with mock.patch("sys.stderr", new_callable=StringIO) as m_console_err:
+ with mock.patch("sys.stdout", new_callable=StringIO) as m_stdout:
+ self.assertEqual(0, render.handle_args("anyname", args))
+ self.assertIn(
+ "DEBUG: Converted jinja variables\n{", self.logs.getvalue()
+ )
+ self.assertIn(
+ "DEBUG: Converted jinja variables\n{", m_console_err.getvalue()
+ )
+ self.assertEqual("rendering: jinja worked", m_stdout.getvalue())
+
+ @skipUnlessJinja()
+ def test_handle_args_warns_and_gives_up_on_invalid_jinja_operation(self):
+ """If user_data file has invalid jinja operations log warnings."""
+ user_data = self.tmp_path("user-data", dir=self.tmp)
+ write_file(user_data, "##template: jinja\nrendering: {{ my-var }}")
+ instance_data = self.tmp_path("instance-data", dir=self.tmp)
+ write_file(instance_data, '{"my-var": "jinja worked"}')
+ args = self.args(
+ user_data=user_data, instance_data=instance_data, debug=True
+ )
+ with mock.patch("sys.stderr", new_callable=StringIO):
+ self.assertEqual(1, render.handle_args("anyname", args))
+ self.assertIn(
+ "WARNING: Ignoring jinja template for %s: Undefined jinja"
+ ' variable: "my-var". Jinja tried subtraction. Perhaps you meant'
+ ' "my_var"?' % user_data,
+ self.logs.getvalue(),
+ )
+
+
+# vi: ts=4 expandtab