# vi: ts=4 expandtab # # Copyright (C) 2012 Canonical Ltd. # Copyright (C) 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. # Copyright (C) 2012 Yahoo! Inc. # # Author: Scott Moser # Author: Juerg Haefliger # Author: Joshua Harlow # Author: Ben Howard # # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3, as # published by the Free Software Foundation. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see . from StringIO import StringIO import abc import itertools import os import re from cloudinit import importer from cloudinit import log as logging from cloudinit import ssh_util from cloudinit import util from cloudinit.distros.parsers import hosts OSFAMILIES = { 'debian': ['debian', 'ubuntu'], 'redhat': ['fedora', 'rhel'] } LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__) class Distro(object): __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta hosts_fn = "/etc/hosts" ci_sudoers_fn = "/etc/sudoers.d/90-cloud-init-users" hostname_conf_fn = "/etc/hostname" def __init__(self, name, cfg, paths): self._paths = paths self._cfg = cfg self.name = name @abc.abstractmethod def install_packages(self, pkglist): raise NotImplementedError() @abc.abstractmethod def _write_network(self, settings): # In the future use the http://fedorahosted.org/netcf/ # to write this blob out in a distro format raise NotImplementedError() def get_option(self, opt_name, default=None): return self._cfg.get(opt_name, default) def set_hostname(self, hostname, fqdn=None): writeable_hostname = self._select_hostname(hostname, fqdn) self._write_hostname(writeable_hostname, self.hostname_conf_fn) self._apply_hostname(hostname) @abc.abstractmethod def package_command(self, cmd, args=None): raise NotImplementedError() @abc.abstractmethod def update_package_sources(self): raise NotImplementedError() def get_primary_arch(self): arch = os.uname[4] if arch in ("i386", "i486", "i586", "i686"): return "i386" return arch def _get_arch_package_mirror_info(self, arch=None): mirror_info = self.get_option("package_mirrors", []) if not arch: arch = self.get_primary_arch() return _get_arch_package_mirror_info(mirror_info, arch) def get_package_mirror_info(self, arch=None, availability_zone=None): # This resolves the package_mirrors config option # down to a single dict of {mirror_name: mirror_url} arch_info = self._get_arch_package_mirror_info(arch) return _get_package_mirror_info(availability_zone=availability_zone, mirror_info=arch_info) def apply_network(self, settings, bring_up=True): # Write it out dev_names = self._write_network(settings) # Now try to bring them up if bring_up: return self._bring_up_interfaces(dev_names) return False @abc.abstractmethod def apply_locale(self, locale, out_fn=None): raise NotImplementedError() @abc.abstractmethod def set_timezone(self, tz): raise NotImplementedError() def _get_localhost_ip(self): return "127.0.0.1" @abc.abstractmethod def _read_hostname(self, filename, default=None): raise NotImplementedError() @abc.abstractmethod def _write_hostname(self, hostname, filename): raise NotImplementedError() @abc.abstractmethod def _read_system_hostname(self): raise NotImplementedError() def _apply_hostname(self, hostname): # This really only sets the hostname # temporarily (until reboot so it should # not be depended on). Use the write # hostname functions for 'permanent' adjustments. LOG.debug("Non-persistently setting the system hostname to %s", hostname) try: util.subp(['hostname', hostname]) except util.ProcessExecutionError: util.logexc(LOG, ("Failed to non-persistently adjust" " the system hostname to %s"), hostname) @abc.abstractmethod def _select_hostname(self, hostname, fqdn): raise NotImplementedError() @staticmethod def expand_osfamily(family_list): distros = [] for family in family_list: if not family in OSFAMILIES: raise ValueError("No distibutions found for osfamily %s" % (family)) distros.extend(OSFAMILIES[family]) return distros def update_hostname(self, hostname, fqdn, prev_hostname_fn): applying_hostname = hostname # Determine what the actual written hostname should be hostname = self._select_hostname(hostname, fqdn) # If the previous hostname file exists lets see if we # can get a hostname from it if prev_hostname_fn and os.path.exists(prev_hostname_fn): prev_hostname = self._read_hostname(prev_hostname_fn) else: prev_hostname = None # Lets get where we should write the system hostname # and what the system hostname is (sys_fn, sys_hostname) = self._read_system_hostname() update_files = [] # If there is no previous hostname or it differs # from what we want, lets update it or create the # file in the first place if not prev_hostname or prev_hostname != hostname: update_files.append(prev_hostname_fn) # If the system hostname is different than the previous # one or the desired one lets update it as well if (not sys_hostname) or (sys_hostname == prev_hostname and sys_hostname != hostname): update_files.append(sys_fn) # Remove duplicates (incase the previous config filename) # is the same as the system config filename, don't bother # doing it twice update_files = set([f for f in update_files if f]) LOG.debug("Attempting to update hostname to %s in %s files", hostname, len(update_files)) for fn in update_files: try: self._write_hostname(hostname, fn) except IOError: util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to write hostname %s to %s", hostname, fn) if (sys_hostname and prev_hostname and sys_hostname != prev_hostname): LOG.debug("%s differs from %s, assuming user maintained hostname.", prev_hostname_fn, sys_fn) # If the system hostname file name was provided set the # non-fqdn as the transient hostname. if sys_fn in update_files: self._apply_hostname(applying_hostname) def update_etc_hosts(self, hostname, fqdn): header = '' if os.path.exists(self.hosts_fn): eh = hosts.HostsConf(util.load_file(self.hosts_fn)) else: eh = hosts.HostsConf('') header = util.make_header(base="added") local_ip = self._get_localhost_ip() prev_info = eh.get_entry(local_ip) need_change = False if not prev_info: eh.add_entry(local_ip, fqdn, hostname) need_change = True else: need_change = True for entry in prev_info: entry_fqdn = None entry_aliases = [] if len(entry) >= 1: entry_fqdn = entry[0] if len(entry) >= 2: entry_aliases = entry[1:] if entry_fqdn is not None and entry_fqdn == fqdn: if hostname in entry_aliases: # Exists already, leave it be need_change = False if need_change: # Doesn't exist, add that entry in... new_entries = list(prev_info) new_entries.append([fqdn, hostname]) eh.del_entries(local_ip) for entry in new_entries: if len(entry) == 1: eh.add_entry(local_ip, entry[0]) elif len(entry) >= 2: eh.add_entry(local_ip, *entry) if need_change: contents = StringIO() if header: contents.write("%s\n" % (header)) contents.write("%s\n" % (eh)) util.write_file(self.hosts_fn, contents.getvalue(), mode=0644) def _bring_up_interface(self, device_name): cmd = ['ifup', device_name] LOG.debug("Attempting to run bring up interface %s using command %s", device_name, cmd) try: (_out, err) = util.subp(cmd) if len(err): LOG.warn("Running %s resulted in stderr output: %s", cmd, err) return True except util.ProcessExecutionError: util.logexc(LOG, "Running interface command %s failed", cmd) return False def _bring_up_interfaces(self, device_names): am_failed = 0 for d in device_names: if not self._bring_up_interface(d): am_failed += 1 if am_failed == 0: return True return False def get_default_user(self): return self.get_option('default_user') def create_user(self, name, **kwargs): """ Creates users for the system using the GNU passwd tools. This will work on an GNU system. This should be overriden on distros where useradd is not desirable or not available. """ adduser_cmd = ['useradd', name] x_adduser_cmd = ['useradd', name] # Since we are creating users, we want to carefully validate the # inputs. If something goes wrong, we can end up with a system # that nobody can login to. adduser_opts = { "gecos": '--comment', "homedir": '--home', "primary_group": '--gid', "groups": '--groups', "passwd": '--password', "shell": '--shell', "expiredate": '--expiredate', "inactive": '--inactive', "selinux_user": '--selinux-user', } adduser_opts_flags = { "no_user_group": '--no-user-group', "system": '--system', "no_log_init": '--no-log-init', "no_create_home": "-M", } redact_fields = ['passwd'] # Now check the value and create the command for option in kwargs: value = kwargs[option] if option in adduser_opts and value \ and isinstance(value, str): adduser_cmd.extend([adduser_opts[option], value]) # Redact certain fields from the logs if option in redact_fields: x_adduser_cmd.extend([adduser_opts[option], 'REDACTED']) else: x_adduser_cmd.extend([adduser_opts[option], value]) elif option in adduser_opts_flags and value: adduser_cmd.append(adduser_opts_flags[option]) # Redact certain fields from the logs if option in redact_fields: x_adduser_cmd.append('REDACTED') else: x_adduser_cmd.append(adduser_opts_flags[option]) # Default to creating home directory unless otherwise directed # Also, we do not create home directories for system users. if "no_create_home" not in kwargs and "system" not in kwargs: adduser_cmd.append('-m') # Create the user if util.is_user(name): LOG.warn("User %s already exists, skipping." % name) else: LOG.debug("Adding user named %s", name) try: util.subp(adduser_cmd, logstring=x_adduser_cmd) except Exception as e: util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to create user %s due to error.", e) raise e # Set password if plain-text password provided if 'plain_text_passwd' in kwargs and kwargs['plain_text_passwd']: self.set_passwd(name, kwargs['plain_text_passwd']) # Default locking down the account. 'lock_passwd' defaults to True. # lock account unless lock_password is False. if kwargs.get('lock_passwd', True): try: util.subp(['passwd', '--lock', name]) except Exception as e: util.logexc(LOG, ("Failed to disable password logins for" "user %s" % name), e) raise e # Configure sudo access if 'sudo' in kwargs: self.write_sudo_rules(name, kwargs['sudo']) # Import SSH keys if 'ssh_authorized_keys' in kwargs: keys = set(kwargs['ssh_authorized_keys']) or [] ssh_util.setup_user_keys(keys, name, key_prefix=None) return True def set_passwd(self, user, passwd, hashed=False): pass_string = '%s:%s' % (user, passwd) cmd = ['chpasswd'] if hashed: cmd.append('--encrypted') try: util.subp(cmd, pass_string, logstring="chpasswd for %s" % user) except Exception as e: util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to set password for %s" % user) raise e return True def ensure_sudo_dir(self, path, sudo_base='/etc/sudoers'): # Ensure the dir is included and that # it actually exists as a directory sudoers_contents = '' base_exists = False if os.path.exists(sudo_base): sudoers_contents = util.load_file(sudo_base) base_exists = True found_include = False for line in sudoers_contents.splitlines(): line = line.strip() include_match = re.search(r"^#includedir\s+(.*)$", line) if not include_match: continue included_dir = include_match.group(1).strip() if not included_dir: continue included_dir = os.path.abspath(included_dir) if included_dir == path: found_include = True break if not found_include: try: if not base_exists: lines = [('# See sudoers(5) for more information' ' on "#include" directives:'), '', util.make_header(base="added"), "#includedir %s" % (path), ''] sudoers_contents = "\n".join(lines) util.write_file(sudo_base, sudoers_contents, 0440) else: lines = ['', util.make_header(base="added"), "#includedir %s" % (path), ''] sudoers_contents = "\n".join(lines) util.append_file(sudo_base, sudoers_contents) LOG.debug("Added '#includedir %s' to %s" % (path, sudo_base)) except IOError as e: util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to write %s" % sudo_base, e) raise e util.ensure_dir(path, 0750) def write_sudo_rules(self, user, rules, sudo_file=None): if not sudo_file: sudo_file = self.ci_sudoers_fn lines = [ '', "# User rules for %s" % user, ] if isinstance(rules, (list, tuple)): for rule in rules: lines.append("%s %s" % (user, rule)) elif isinstance(rules, (basestring, str)): lines.append("%s %s" % (user, rules)) else: msg = "Can not create sudoers rule addition with type %r" raise TypeError(msg % (util.obj_name(rules))) content = "\n".join(lines) content += "\n" # trailing newline self.ensure_sudo_dir(os.path.dirname(sudo_file)) if not os.path.exists(sudo_file): contents = [ util.make_header(), content, ] try: util.write_file(sudo_file, "\n".join(contents), 0440) except IOError as e: util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to write sudoers file %s", sudo_file) raise e else: try: util.append_file(sudo_file, content) except IOError as e: util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to append sudoers file %s", sudo_file) raise e def create_group(self, name, members): group_add_cmd = ['groupadd', name] # Check if group exists, and then add it doesn't if util.is_group(name): LOG.warn("Skipping creation of existing group '%s'" % name) else: try: util.subp(group_add_cmd) LOG.info("Created new group %s" % name) except Exception as e: util.logexc("Failed to create group %s" % name, e) # Add members to the group, if so defined if len(members) > 0: for member in members: if not util.is_user(member): LOG.warn("Unable to add group member '%s' to group '%s'" "; user does not exist." % (member, name)) continue util.subp(['usermod', '-a', '-G', name, member]) LOG.info("Added user '%s' to group '%s'" % (member, name)) def _get_package_mirror_info(mirror_info, availability_zone=None, mirror_filter=util.search_for_mirror): # given a arch specific 'mirror_info' entry (from package_mirrors) # search through the 'search' entries, and fallback appropriately # return a dict with only {name: mirror} entries. if not mirror_info: mirror_info = {} ec2_az_re = ("^[a-z][a-z]-(%s)-[1-9][0-9]*[a-z]$" % "north|northeast|east|southeast|south|southwest|west|northwest") subst = {} if availability_zone: subst['availability_zone'] = availability_zone if availability_zone and re.match(ec2_az_re, availability_zone): subst['ec2_region'] = "%s" % availability_zone[0:-1] results = {} for (name, mirror) in mirror_info.get('failsafe', {}).iteritems(): results[name] = mirror for (name, searchlist) in mirror_info.get('search', {}).iteritems(): mirrors = [] for tmpl in searchlist: try: mirrors.append(tmpl % subst) except KeyError: pass found = mirror_filter(mirrors) if found: results[name] = found LOG.debug("filtered distro mirror info: %s" % results) return results def _get_arch_package_mirror_info(package_mirrors, arch): # pull out the specific arch from a 'package_mirrors' config option default = None for item in package_mirrors: arches = item.get("arches") if arch in arches: return item if "default" in arches: default = item return default # Normalizes a input group configuration # which can be a comma seperated list of # group names, or a list of group names # or a python dictionary of group names # to a list of members of that group. # # The output is a dictionary of group # names => members of that group which # is the standard form used in the rest # of cloud-init def _normalize_groups(grp_cfg): if isinstance(grp_cfg, (str, basestring)): grp_cfg = grp_cfg.strip().split(",") if isinstance(grp_cfg, (list)): c_grp_cfg = {} for i in grp_cfg: if isinstance(i, (dict)): for k, v in i.items(): if k not in c_grp_cfg: if isinstance(v, (list)): c_grp_cfg[k] = list(v) elif isinstance(v, (basestring, str)): c_grp_cfg[k] = [v] else: raise TypeError("Bad group member type %s" % util.obj_name(v)) else: if isinstance(v, (list)): c_grp_cfg[k].extend(v) elif isinstance(v, (basestring, str)): c_grp_cfg[k].append(v) else: raise TypeError("Bad group member type %s" % util.obj_name(v)) elif isinstance(i, (str, basestring)): if i not in c_grp_cfg: c_grp_cfg[i] = [] else: raise TypeError("Unknown group name type %s" % util.obj_name(i)) grp_cfg = c_grp_cfg groups = {} if isinstance(grp_cfg, (dict)): for (grp_name, grp_members) in grp_cfg.items(): groups[grp_name] = util.uniq_merge_sorted(grp_members) else: raise TypeError(("Group config must be list, dict " " or string types only and not %s") % util.obj_name(grp_cfg)) return groups # Normalizes a input group configuration # which can be a comma seperated list of # user names, or a list of string user names # or a list of dictionaries with components # that define the user config + 'name' (if # a 'name' field does not exist then the # default user is assumed to 'own' that # configuration. # # The output is a dictionary of user # names => user config which is the standard # form used in the rest of cloud-init. Note # the default user will have a special config # entry 'default' which will be marked as true # all other users will be marked as false. def _normalize_users(u_cfg, def_user_cfg=None): if isinstance(u_cfg, (dict)): ad_ucfg = [] for (k, v) in u_cfg.items(): if isinstance(v, (bool, int, basestring, str, float)): if util.is_true(v): ad_ucfg.append(str(k)) elif isinstance(v, (dict)): v['name'] = k ad_ucfg.append(v) else: raise TypeError(("Unmappable user value type %s" " for key %s") % (util.obj_name(v), k)) u_cfg = ad_ucfg elif isinstance(u_cfg, (str, basestring)): u_cfg = util.uniq_merge_sorted(u_cfg) users = {} for user_config in u_cfg: if isinstance(user_config, (str, basestring, list)): for u in util.uniq_merge(user_config): if u and u not in users: users[u] = {} elif isinstance(user_config, (dict)): if 'name' in user_config: n = user_config.pop('name') prev_config = users.get(n) or {} users[n] = util.mergemanydict([prev_config, user_config]) else: # Assume the default user then prev_config = users.get('default') or {} users['default'] = util.mergemanydict([prev_config, user_config]) else: raise TypeError(("User config must be dictionary/list " " or string types only and not %s") % util.obj_name(user_config)) # Ensure user options are in the right python friendly format if users: c_users = {} for (uname, uconfig) in users.items(): c_uconfig = {} for (k, v) in uconfig.items(): k = k.replace('-', '_').strip() if k: c_uconfig[k] = v c_users[uname] = c_uconfig users = c_users # Fixup the default user into the real # default user name and replace it... def_user = None if users and 'default' in users: def_config = users.pop('default') if def_user_cfg: # Pickup what the default 'real name' is # and any groups that are provided by the # default config def_user_cfg = def_user_cfg.copy() def_user = def_user_cfg.pop('name') def_groups = def_user_cfg.pop('groups', []) # Pickup any config + groups for that user name # that we may have previously extracted parsed_config = users.pop(def_user, {}) parsed_groups = parsed_config.get('groups', []) # Now merge our extracted groups with # anything the default config provided users_groups = util.uniq_merge_sorted(parsed_groups, def_groups) parsed_config['groups'] = ",".join(users_groups) # The real config for the default user is the # combination of the default user config provided # by the distro, the default user config provided # by the above merging for the user 'default' and # then the parsed config from the user's 'real name' # which does not have to be 'default' (but could be) users[def_user] = util.mergemanydict([def_user_cfg, def_config, parsed_config]) # Ensure that only the default user that we # found (if any) is actually marked as being # the default user if users: for (uname, uconfig) in users.items(): if def_user and uname == def_user: uconfig['default'] = True else: uconfig['default'] = False return users # Normalizes a set of user/users and group # dictionary configuration into a useable # format that the rest of cloud-init can # understand using the default user # provided by the input distrobution (if any) # to allow for mapping of the 'default' user. # # Output is a dictionary of group names -> [member] (list) # and a dictionary of user names -> user configuration (dict) # # If 'user' exists it will override # the 'users'[0] entry (if a list) otherwise it will # just become an entry in the returned dictionary (no override) def normalize_users_groups(cfg, distro): if not cfg: cfg = {} users = {} groups = {} if 'groups' in cfg: groups = _normalize_groups(cfg['groups']) # Handle the previous style of doing this where the first user # overrides the concept of the default user if provided in the user: XYZ # format. old_user = {} if 'user' in cfg and cfg['user']: old_user = cfg['user'] # Translate it into the format that is more useful # going forward if isinstance(old_user, (basestring, str)): old_user = { 'name': old_user, } if not isinstance(old_user, (dict)): LOG.warn(("Format for 'user' key must be a string or " "dictionary and not %s"), util.obj_name(old_user)) old_user = {} # If no old user format, then assume the distro # provides what the 'default' user maps to, but notice # that if this is provided, we won't automatically inject # a 'default' user into the users list, while if a old user # format is provided we will. distro_user_config = {} try: distro_user_config = distro.get_default_user() except NotImplementedError: LOG.warn(("Distro has not implemented default user " "access. No distribution provided default user" " will be normalized.")) # Merge the old user (which may just be an empty dict when not # present with the distro provided default user configuration so # that the old user style picks up all the distribution specific # attributes (if any) default_user_config = util.mergemanydict([old_user, distro_user_config]) base_users = cfg.get('users', []) if not isinstance(base_users, (list, dict, str, basestring)): LOG.warn(("Format for 'users' key must be a comma separated string" " or a dictionary or a list and not %s"), util.obj_name(base_users)) base_users = [] if old_user: # Ensure that when user: is provided that this user # always gets added (as the default user) if isinstance(base_users, (list)): # Just add it on at the end... base_users.append({'name': 'default'}) elif isinstance(base_users, (dict)): base_users['default'] = base_users.get('default', True) elif isinstance(base_users, (str, basestring)): # Just append it on to be re-parsed later base_users += ",default" users = _normalize_users(base_users, default_user_config) return (users, groups) # Given a user dictionary config it will # extract the default user name and user config # from that list and return that tuple or # return (None, None) if no default user is # found in the given input def extract_default(users, default_name=None, default_config=None): if not users: users = {} def safe_find(entry): config = entry[1] if not config or 'default' not in config: return False else: return config['default'] tmp_users = users.items() tmp_users = dict(itertools.ifilter(safe_find, tmp_users)) if not tmp_users: return (default_name, default_config) else: name = tmp_users.keys()[0] config = tmp_users[name] config.pop('default', None) return (name, config) def fetch(name): locs = importer.find_module(name, ['', __name__], ['Distro']) if not locs: raise ImportError("No distribution found for distro %s" % (name)) mod = importer.import_module(locs[0]) cls = getattr(mod, 'Distro') return cls