path: root/bin/cloud-init

#!/usr/bin/python
# vi: ts=4 expandtab
#
#    Copyright (C) 2012 Canonical Ltd.
#    Copyright (C) 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
#    Copyright (C) 2012 Yahoo! Inc.
#
#    Author: Scott Moser <scott.moser@canonical.com>
#    Author: Juerg Haefliger <juerg.haefliger@hp.com>
#    Author: Joshua Harlow <harlowja@yahoo-inc.com>
#
#    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
#    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3, as
#    published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
#    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
#    GNU General Public License for more details.
#
#    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
#    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

import argparse
import json
import os
import sys
import time
import tempfile
import traceback

# This is more just for running from the bin folder so that
# cloud-init binary can find the cloudinit module
possible_topdir = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(
        sys.argv[0]), os.pardir, os.pardir))
if os.path.exists(os.path.join(possible_topdir, "cloudinit", "__init__.py")):
    sys.path.insert(0, possible_topdir)

from cloudinit import patcher
patcher.patch()

from cloudinit import log as logging
from cloudinit import netinfo
from cloudinit import signal_handler
from cloudinit import sources
from cloudinit import stages
from cloudinit import templater
from cloudinit import util
from cloudinit import version

from cloudinit.settings import (PER_INSTANCE, PER_ALWAYS, PER_ONCE,
                                CLOUD_CONFIG)


# Pretty little cheetah formatted welcome message template
WELCOME_MSG_TPL = ("Cloud-init v. ${version} running '${action}' at "
                   "${timestamp}. Up ${uptime} seconds.")

# Module section template
MOD_SECTION_TPL = "cloud_%s_modules"

# Things u can query on
QUERY_DATA_TYPES = [
    'data',
    'data_raw',
    'instance_id',
]

# Frequency shortname to full name
# (so users don't have to remember the full name...)
FREQ_SHORT_NAMES = {
    'instance': PER_INSTANCE,
    'always': PER_ALWAYS,
    'once': PER_ONCE,
}

LOG = logging.getLogger()


# Used for when a logger may not be active
# and we still want to print exceptions...
def print_exc(msg=''):
    if msg:
        sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % (msg))
    sys.stderr.write('-' * 60)
    sys.stderr.write("\n")
    traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
    sys.stderr.write('-' * 60)
    sys.stderr.write("\n")


def welcome(action, msg=None):
    if not msg:
        msg = welcome_format(action)
    util.multi_log("%s\n" % (msg),
                   console=False, stderr=True, log=LOG)
    return msg


def welcome_format(action):
    tpl_params = {
        'version': version.version_string(),
        'uptime': util.uptime(),
        'timestamp': util.time_rfc2822(),
        'action': action,
    }
    return templater.render_string(WELCOME_MSG_TPL, tpl_params)


def extract_fns(args):
    # Files are already opened so lets just pass that along
    # since it would of broke if it couldn't have
    # read that file already...
    fn_cfgs = []
    if args.files:
        for fh in args.files:
            # The realpath is more useful in logging
            # so lets resolve to that...
            fn_cfgs.append(os.path.realpath(fh.name))
    return fn_cfgs


def run_module_section(mods, action_name, section):
    full_section_name = MOD_SECTION_TPL % (section)
    (which_ran, failures) = mods.run_section(full_section_name)
    total_attempted = len(which_ran) + len(failures)
    if total_attempted == 0:
        msg = ("No '%s' modules to run"
               " under section '%s'") % (action_name, full_section_name)
        sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % (msg))
        LOG.debug(msg)
        return []
    else:
        LOG.debug("Ran %s modules with %s failures",
                  len(which_ran), len(failures))
        return failures


def main_init(name, args):
    deps = [sources.DEP_FILESYSTEM, sources.DEP_NETWORK]
    if args.local:
        deps = [sources.DEP_FILESYSTEM]

    if not args.local:
        # See doc/kernel-cmdline.txt
        #
        # This is used in maas datasource, in "ephemeral" (read-only root)
        # environment where the instance netboots to iscsi ro root.
        # and the entity that controls the pxe config has to configure
        # the maas datasource.
        #
        # Could be used elsewhere, only works on network based (not local).
        root_name = "%s.d" % (CLOUD_CONFIG)
        target_fn = os.path.join(root_name, "91_kernel_cmdline_url.cfg")
        util.read_write_cmdline_url(target_fn)

    # Cloud-init 'init' stage is broken up into the following sub-stages
    # 1. Ensure that the init object fetches its config without errors
    # 2. Setup logging/output redirections with resultant config (if any)
    # 3. Initialize the cloud-init filesystem
    # 4. Check if we can stop early by looking for various files
    # 5. Fetch the datasource
    # 6. Connect to the current instance location + update the cache
    # 7. Consume the userdata (handlers get activated here)
    # 8. Construct the modules object
    # 9. Adjust any subsequent logging/output redirections using the modules
    #    objects config as it may be different from init object
    # 10. Run the modules for the 'init' stage
    # 11. Done!
    if not args.local:
        w_msg = welcome_format(name)
    else:
        w_msg = welcome_format("%s-local" % (name))
    init = stages.Init(deps)
    # Stage 1
    init.read_cfg(extract_fns(args))
    # Stage 2
    outfmt = None
    errfmt = None
    try:
        LOG.debug("Closing stdin")
        util.close_stdin()
        (outfmt, errfmt) = util.fixup_output(init.cfg, name)
    except:
        util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to setup output redirection!")
        print_exc("Failed to setup output redirection!")
    if args.debug:
        # Reset so that all the debug handlers are closed out
        LOG.debug(("Logging being reset, this logger may no"
                    " longer be active shortly"))
        logging.resetLogging()
    logging.setupLogging(init.cfg)

    # Any log usage prior to setupLogging above did not have local user log
    # config applied.  We send the welcome message now, as stderr/out have
    # been redirected and log now configured.
    welcome(name, msg=w_msg)

    # Stage 3
    try:
        init.initialize()
    except Exception:
        util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to initialize, likely bad things to come!")
    # Stage 4
    path_helper = init.paths
    if not args.local:
        sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % (netinfo.debug_info()))
        LOG.debug(("Checking to see if files that we need already"
                   " exist from a previous run that would allow us"
                   " to stop early."))
        stop_files = [
            os.path.join(path_helper.get_cpath("data"), "no-net"),
            path_helper.get_ipath_cur("obj_pkl"),
        ]
        existing_files = []
        for fn in stop_files:
            try:
                c = util.load_file(fn)
                if len(c):
                    existing_files.append((fn, len(c)))
            except Exception:
                pass
        if existing_files:
            LOG.debug("Exiting early due to the existence of %s files",
                      existing_files)
            return (None, [])
        else:
            LOG.debug("Execution continuing, no previous run detected that"
                      " would allow us to stop early.")
    else:
        # The cache is not instance specific, so it has to be purged
        # but we want 'start' to benefit from a cache if
        # a previous start-local populated one...
        manual_clean = util.get_cfg_option_bool(init.cfg,
                                                'manual_cache_clean', False)
        if manual_clean:
            LOG.debug("Not purging instance link, manual cleaning enabled")
            init.purge_cache(False)
        else:
            init.purge_cache()
        # Delete the non-net file as well
        util.del_file(os.path.join(path_helper.get_cpath("data"), "no-net"))
    # Stage 5
    try:
        init.fetch()
    except sources.DataSourceNotFoundException:
        # In the case of 'cloud-init init' without '--local' it is a bit
        # more likely that the user would consider it failure if nothing was
        # found. When using upstart it will also mentions job failure
        # in console log if exit code is != 0.
        if args.local:
            LOG.debug("No local datasource found")
        else:
            util.logexc(LOG, ("No instance datasource found!"
                              " Likely bad things to come!"))
        if not args.force:
            if args.local:
                return (None, [])
            else:
                return (None, ["No instance datasource found."])
    # Stage 6
    iid = init.instancify()
    LOG.debug("%s will now be targeting instance id: %s", name, iid)
    init.update()
    # Stage 7
    try:
        # Attempt to consume the data per instance.
        # This may run user-data handlers and/or perform
        # url downloads and such as needed.
        (ran, _results) = init.cloudify().run('consume_data',
                                             init.consume_data,
                                             args=[PER_INSTANCE],
                                             freq=PER_INSTANCE)
        if not ran:
            # Just consume anything that is set to run per-always
            # if nothing ran in the per-instance code
            #
            # See: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/819507 for a little
            # reason behind this...
            init.consume_data(PER_ALWAYS)
    except Exception:
        util.logexc(LOG, "Consuming user data failed!")
        return (init.datasource, ["Consuming user data failed!"])

    # Stage 8 - re-read and apply relevant cloud-config to include user-data
    mods = stages.Modules(init, extract_fns(args))
    # Stage 9
    try:
        outfmt_orig = outfmt
        errfmt_orig = errfmt
        (outfmt, errfmt) = util.get_output_cfg(mods.cfg, name)
        if outfmt_orig != outfmt or errfmt_orig != errfmt:
            LOG.warn("Stdout, stderr changing to (%s, %s)", outfmt, errfmt)
            (outfmt, errfmt) = util.fixup_output(mods.cfg, name)
    except:
        util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to re-adjust output redirection!")
    logging.setupLogging(mods.cfg)

    # Stage 10
    return (init.datasource, run_module_section(mods, name, name))


def main_modules(action_name, args):
    name = args.mode
    # Cloud-init 'modules' stages are broken up into the following sub-stages
    # 1. Ensure that the init object fetches its config without errors
    # 2. Get the datasource from the init object, if it does
    #    not exist then that means the main_init stage never
    #    worked, and thus this stage can not run.
    # 3. Construct the modules object
    # 4. Adjust any subsequent logging/output redirections using
    #    the modules objects configuration
    # 5. Run the modules for the given stage name
    # 6. Done!
    w_msg = welcome_format("%s:%s" % (action_name, name))
    init = stages.Init(ds_deps=[])
    # Stage 1
    init.read_cfg(extract_fns(args))
    # Stage 2
    try:
        init.fetch()
    except sources.DataSourceNotFoundException:
        # There was no datasource found, theres nothing to do
        msg = ('Can not apply stage %s, no datasource found! Likely bad '
               'things to come!' % name)
        util.logexc(LOG, msg)
        print_exc(msg)
        if not args.force:
            return [(msg)]
    # Stage 3
    mods = stages.Modules(init, extract_fns(args))
    # Stage 4
    try:
        LOG.debug("Closing stdin")
        util.close_stdin()
        util.fixup_output(mods.cfg, name)
    except:
        util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to setup output redirection!")
    if args.debug:
        # Reset so that all the debug handlers are closed out
        LOG.debug(("Logging being reset, this logger may no"
                    " longer be active shortly"))
        logging.resetLogging()
    logging.setupLogging(mods.cfg)

    # now that logging is setup and stdout redirected, send welcome
    welcome(name, msg=w_msg)

    # Stage 5
    return run_module_section(mods, name, name)


def main_query(name, _args):
    raise NotImplementedError(("Action '%s' is not"
                               " currently implemented") % (name))


def main_single(name, args):
    # Cloud-init single stage is broken up into the following sub-stages
    # 1. Ensure that the init object fetches its config without errors
    # 2. Attempt to fetch the datasource (warn if it doesn't work)
    # 3. Construct the modules object
    # 4. Adjust any subsequent logging/output redirections using
    #    the modules objects configuration
    # 5. Run the single module
    # 6. Done!
    mod_name = args.name
    w_msg = welcome_format(name)
    init = stages.Init(ds_deps=[])
    # Stage 1
    init.read_cfg(extract_fns(args))
    # Stage 2
    try:
        init.fetch()
    except sources.DataSourceNotFoundException:
        # There was no datasource found,
        # that might be bad (or ok) depending on
        # the module being ran (so continue on)
        util.logexc(LOG, ("Failed to fetch your datasource,"
                          " likely bad things to come!"))
        print_exc(("Failed to fetch your datasource,"
                   " likely bad things to come!"))
        if not args.force:
            return 1
    # Stage 3
    mods = stages.Modules(init, extract_fns(args))
    mod_args = args.module_args
    if mod_args:
        LOG.debug("Using passed in arguments %s", mod_args)
    mod_freq = args.frequency
    if mod_freq:
        LOG.debug("Using passed in frequency %s", mod_freq)
        mod_freq = FREQ_SHORT_NAMES.get(mod_freq)
    # Stage 4
    try:
        LOG.debug("Closing stdin")
        util.close_stdin()
        util.fixup_output(mods.cfg, None)
    except:
        util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to setup output redirection!")
    if args.debug:
        # Reset so that all the debug handlers are closed out
        LOG.debug(("Logging being reset, this logger may no"
                   " longer be active shortly"))
        logging.resetLogging()
    logging.setupLogging(mods.cfg)

    # now that logging is setup and stdout redirected, send welcome
    welcome(name, msg=w_msg)

    # Stage 5
    (which_ran, failures) = mods.run_single(mod_name,
                                            mod_args,
                                            mod_freq)
    if failures:
        LOG.warn("Ran %s but it failed!", mod_name)
        return 1
    elif not which_ran:
        LOG.warn("Did not run %s, does it exist?", mod_name)
        return 1
    else:
        # Guess it worked
        return 0


def atomic_write_json(path, data):
    tf = None
    try:
        tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(dir=os.path.dirname(path),
                                         delete=False)
        tf.write(util.encode_text(json.dumps(data, indent=1) + "\n"))
        tf.close()
        os.rename(tf.name, path)
    except Exception as e:
        if tf is not None:
            util.del_file(tf.name)
        raise e


def status_wrapper(name, args, data_d=None, link_d=None):
    if data_d is None:
        data_d = os.path.normpath("/var/lib/cloud/data")
    if link_d is None:
        link_d = os.path.normpath("/run/cloud-init")

    status_path = os.path.join(data_d, "status.json")
    status_link = os.path.join(link_d, "status.json")
    result_path = os.path.join(data_d, "result.json")
    result_link = os.path.join(link_d, "result.json")

    util.ensure_dirs((data_d, link_d,))

    (_name, functor) = args.action

    if name == "init":
        if args.local:
            mode = "init-local"
        else:
            mode = "init"
    elif name == "modules":
        mode = "modules-%s" % args.mode
    else:
        raise ValueError("unknown name: %s" % name)

    modes = ('init', 'init-local', 'modules-config', 'modules-final')

    status = None
    if mode == 'init-local':
        for f in (status_link, result_link, status_path, result_path):
            util.del_file(f)
    else:
        try:
            status = json.loads(util.load_file(status_path))
        except:
            pass

    if status is None:
        nullstatus = {
            'errors': [],
            'start': None,
            'finished': None,
        }
        status = {'v1': {}}
        for m in modes:
            status['v1'][m] = nullstatus.copy()
        status['v1']['datasource'] = None

    v1 = status['v1']
    v1['stage'] = mode
    v1[mode]['start'] = time.time()

    atomic_write_json(status_path, status)
    util.sym_link(os.path.relpath(status_path, link_d), status_link,
                  force=True)

    try:
        ret = functor(name, args)
        if mode in ('init', 'init-local'):
            (datasource, errors) = ret
            if datasource is not None:
                v1['datasource'] = str(datasource)
        else:
            errors = ret

        v1[mode]['errors'] = [str(e) for e in errors]

    except Exception as e:
        util.logexc(LOG, "failed of stage %s", mode)
        print_exc("failed run of stage %s" mode)
        v1[mode]['errors'] = [str(e)]

    v1[mode]['finished'] = time.time()
    v1['stage'] = None

    atomic_write_json(status_path, status)

    if mode == "modules-final":
        # write the 'finished' file
        errors = []
        for m in modes:
            if v1[m]['errors']:
                errors.extend(v1[m].get('errors', []))

        atomic_write_json(result_path,
            {'v1': {'datasource': v1['datasource'], 'errors': errors}})
        util.sym_link(os.path.relpath(result_path, link_d), result_link,
                      force=True)

    return len(v1[mode]['errors'])


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

    # Top level args
    parser.add_argument('--version', '-v', action='version',
                        version='%(prog)s ' + (version.version_string()))
    parser.add_argument('--file', '-f', action='append',
                        dest='files',
                        help=('additional yaml configuration'
                              ' files to use'),
                        type=argparse.FileType('rb'))
    parser.add_argument('--debug', '-d', action='store_true',
                        help=('show additional pre-action'
                              ' logging (default: %(default)s)'),
                        default=False)
    parser.add_argument('--force', action='store_true',
                        help=('force running even if no datasource is'
                              ' found (use at your own risk)'),
                        dest='force',
                        default=False)
    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()

    # Each action and its sub-options (if any)
    parser_init = subparsers.add_parser('init',
                                        help=('initializes cloud-init and'
                                              ' performs initial modules'))
    parser_init.add_argument("--local", '-l', action='store_true',
                             help="start in local mode (default: %(default)s)",
                             default=False)
    # This is used so that we can know which action is selected +
    # the functor to use to run this subcommand
    parser_init.set_defaults(action=('init', main_init))

    # These settings are used for the 'config' and 'final' stages
    parser_mod = subparsers.add_parser('modules',
                                      help=('activates modules '
                                            'using a given configuration key'))
    parser_mod.add_argument("--mode", '-m', action='store',
                             help=("module configuration name "
                                    "to use (default: %(default)s)"),
                             default='config',
                             choices=('init', 'config', 'final'))
    parser_mod.set_defaults(action=('modules', main_modules))

    # These settings are used when you want to query information
    # stored in the cloud-init data objects/directories/files
    parser_query = subparsers.add_parser('query',
                                         help=('query information stored '
                                               'in cloud-init'))
    parser_query.add_argument("--name", '-n', action="store",
                              help="item name to query on",
                              required=True,
                              choices=QUERY_DATA_TYPES)
    parser_query.set_defaults(action=('query', main_query))

    # This subcommand allows you to run a single module
    parser_single = subparsers.add_parser('single',
                                         help=('run a single module '))
    parser_single.set_defaults(action=('single', main_single))
    parser_single.add_argument("--name", '-n', action="store",
                              help="module name to run",
                              required=True)
    parser_single.add_argument("--frequency", action="store",
                              help=("frequency of the module"),
                              required=False,
                              choices=list(FREQ_SHORT_NAMES.keys()))
    parser_single.add_argument("module_args", nargs="*",
                              metavar='argument',
                              help=('any additional arguments to'
                                    ' pass to this module'))
    parser_single.set_defaults(action=('single', main_single))

    args = parser.parse_args()

    # Setup basic logging to start (until reinitialized)
    # iff in debug mode...
    if args.debug:
        logging.setupBasicLogging()

    # Setup signal handlers before running
    signal_handler.attach_handlers()

    if not hasattr(args, 'action'):
        parser.error('too few arguments')
    (name, functor) = args.action
    if name in ("modules", "init"):
        functor = status_wrapper

    return util.log_time(logfunc=LOG.debug, msg="cloud-init mode '%s'" % name,
                         get_uptime=True, func=functor, args=(name, args))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    sys.exit(main())