path: root/cloudinit/url_helper.py

# vi: ts=4 expandtab
#
#    Copyright (C) 2012 Canonical Ltd.
#    Copyright (C) 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
#    Copyright (C) 2012 Yahoo! Inc.
#
#    Author: Scott Moser <scott.moser@canonical.com>
#    Author: Juerg Haefliger <juerg.haefliger@hp.com>
#    Author: Joshua Harlow <harlowja@yahoo-inc.com>
#
#    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
#    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3, as
#    published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
#    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
#    GNU General Public License for more details.
#
#    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
#    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

import httplib
import time
import urllib

import requests
from requests import exceptions

from urlparse import (urlparse, urlunparse)

from cloudinit import log as logging
from cloudinit import version

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)

NOT_FOUND = httplib.NOT_FOUND

# Check if requests has ssl support (added in requests >= 0.8.8)
SSL_ENABLED = False
CONFIG_ENABLED = False  # This was added in 0.7 (but taken out in >=1.0)
try:
    from distutils.version import LooseVersion
    import pkg_resources
    _REQ = pkg_resources.get_distribution('requests')
    _REQ_VER = LooseVersion(_REQ.version)  # pylint: disable=E1103
    if _REQ_VER >= LooseVersion('0.8.8'):
        SSL_ENABLED = True
    if _REQ_VER >= LooseVersion('0.7.0') and _REQ_VER < LooseVersion('1.0.0'):
        CONFIG_ENABLED = True
except:
    pass


def _cleanurl(url):
    parsed_url = list(urlparse(url, scheme='http'))  # pylint: disable=E1123
    if not parsed_url[1] and parsed_url[2]:
        # Swap these since this seems to be a common
        # occurrence when given urls like 'www.google.com'
        parsed_url[1] = parsed_url[2]
        parsed_url[2] = ''
    return urlunparse(parsed_url)


def combine_url(base, *add_ons):

    def combine_single(url, add_on):
        url_parsed = list(urlparse(url))
        path = url_parsed[2]
        if path and not path.endswith("/"):
            path += "/"
        path += urllib.quote(str(add_on), safe="/:")
        url_parsed[2] = path
        return urlunparse(url_parsed)

    url = base
    for add_on in add_ons:
        url = combine_single(url, add_on)
    return url


# Made to have same accessors as UrlResponse so that the
# read_file_or_url can return this or that object and the
# 'user' of those objects will not need to know the difference.
class StringResponse(object):
    def __init__(self, contents, code=200):
        self.code = code
        self.headers = {}
        self.contents = contents
        self.url = None

    def ok(self, *args, **kwargs):  # pylint: disable=W0613
        if self.code != 200:
            return False
        return True

    def __str__(self):
        return self.contents


class FileResponse(StringResponse):
    def __init__(self, path, contents, code=200):
        StringResponse.__init__(self, contents, code=code)
        self.url = path


class UrlResponse(object):
    def __init__(self, response):
        self._response = response

    @property
    def contents(self):
        return self._response.content

    @property
    def url(self):
        return self._response.url

    def ok(self, redirects_ok=False):
        upper = 300
        if redirects_ok:
            upper = 400
        if self.code >= 200 and self.code < upper:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    @property
    def headers(self):
        return self._response.headers

    @property
    def code(self):
        return self._response.status_code

    def __str__(self):
        return self.contents


class UrlError(IOError):
    def __init__(self, cause, code=None, headers=None):
        IOError.__init__(self, str(cause))
        self.cause = cause
        self.code = code
        self.headers = headers
        if self.headers is None:
            self.headers = {}


def _get_ssl_args(url, ssl_details):
    ssl_args = {}
    scheme = urlparse(url).scheme  # pylint: disable=E1101
    if scheme == 'https' and ssl_details:
        if not SSL_ENABLED:
            LOG.warn("SSL is not enabled, cert. verification can not occur!")
        else:
            if 'ca_certs' in ssl_details and ssl_details['ca_certs']:
                ssl_args['verify'] = ssl_details['ca_certs']
            else:
                ssl_args['verify'] = True
            if 'cert_file' in ssl_details and 'key_file' in ssl_details:
                ssl_args['cert'] = [ssl_details['cert_file'],
                                    ssl_details['key_file']]
            elif 'cert_file' in ssl_details:
                ssl_args['cert'] = str(ssl_details['cert_file'])
    return ssl_args


def existsurl(url, ssl_details=None, timeout=None):
    r = _readurl(url, ssl_details=ssl_details, timeout=timeout,
                 method='HEAD', check_status=False)
    return r.ok()


def readurl(url, data=None, timeout=None, retries=0, sec_between=1,
            headers=None, headers_cb=None, ssl_details=None,
            check_status=True, allow_redirects=True, exception_cb=None):
    return _readurl(url, data=data, timeout=timeout, retries=retries,
                    sec_between=sec_between, headers=headers,
                    headers_cb=headers_cb, ssl_details=ssl_details,
                    check_status=check_status,
                    allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
                    exception_cb=exception_cb)


def _readurl(url, data=None, timeout=None, retries=0, sec_between=1,
             headers=None, headers_cb=None, ssl_details=None,
             check_status=True, allow_redirects=True, exception_cb=None,
             method='GET'):
    url = _cleanurl(url)
    req_args = {
        'url': url,
    }
    req_args.update(_get_ssl_args(url, ssl_details))
    scheme = urlparse(url).scheme  # pylint: disable=E1101
    req_args['allow_redirects'] = allow_redirects
    req_args['method'] = method
    if timeout is not None:
        req_args['timeout'] = max(float(timeout), 0)
    if data:
        req_args['method'] = 'POST'
    # It doesn't seem like config
    # was added in older library versions (or newer ones either), thus we
    # need to manually do the retries if it wasn't...
    if CONFIG_ENABLED:
        req_config = {
            'store_cookies': False,
        }
        # Don't use the retry support built-in
        # since it doesn't allow for 'sleep_times'
        # in between tries....
        # if retries:
        #     req_config['max_retries'] = max(int(retries), 0)
        req_args['config'] = req_config
    manual_tries = 1
    if retries:
        manual_tries = max(int(retries) + 1, 1)
    if not headers:
        headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Cloud-Init/%s' % (version.version_string()),
        }
    if not headers_cb:
        def _cb(url):
            return headers
        headers_cb = _cb

    if data:
        # Do this after the log (it might be large)
        req_args['data'] = data
    if sec_between is None:
        sec_between = -1
    excps = []
    # Handle retrying ourselves since the built-in support
    # doesn't handle sleeping between tries...
    for i in range(0, manual_tries):
        req_args['headers'] = headers_cb(url)
        filtered_req_args = {}
        for (k, v) in req_args.items():
            if k == 'data':
                continue
            filtered_req_args[k] = v
        try:
            LOG.debug("[%s/%s] open '%s' with %s configuration", i,
                      manual_tries, url, filtered_req_args)

            r = requests.request(**req_args)
            if check_status:
                r.raise_for_status()  # pylint: disable=E1103
            LOG.debug("Read from %s (%s, %sb) after %s attempts", url,
                      r.status_code, len(r.content),  # pylint: disable=E1103
                      (i + 1))
            # Doesn't seem like we can make it use a different
            # subclass for responses, so add our own backward-compat
            # attrs
            return UrlResponse(r)
        except exceptions.RequestException as e:
            if (isinstance(e, (exceptions.HTTPError))
                and hasattr(e, 'response')  # This appeared in v 0.10.8
                and hasattr(e.response, 'status_code')):
                excps.append(UrlError(e, code=e.response.status_code,
                                      headers=e.response.headers))
            else:
                excps.append(UrlError(e))
                if SSL_ENABLED and isinstance(e, exceptions.SSLError):
                    # ssl exceptions are not going to get fixed by waiting a
                    # few seconds
                    break
            if exception_cb and not exception_cb(req_args.copy(), excps[-1]):
                break
            if i + 1 < manual_tries and sec_between > 0:
                LOG.debug("Please wait %s seconds while we wait to try again",
                          sec_between)
                time.sleep(sec_between)
    if excps:
        raise excps[-1]
    return None  # Should throw before this...


def wait_for_url(urls, max_wait=None, timeout=None,
                 status_cb=None, headers_cb=None, sleep_time=1,
                 exception_cb=None):
    """
    urls:      a list of urls to try
    max_wait:  roughly the maximum time to wait before giving up
               The max time is *actually* len(urls)*timeout as each url will
               be tried once and given the timeout provided.
    timeout:   the timeout provided to urlopen
    status_cb: call method with string message when a url is not available
    headers_cb: call method with single argument of url to get headers
                for request.
    exception_cb: call method with 2 arguments 'msg' (per status_cb) and
                  'exception', the exception that occurred.

    the idea of this routine is to wait for the EC2 metdata service to
    come up.  On both Eucalyptus and EC2 we have seen the case where
    the instance hit the MD before the MD service was up.  EC2 seems
    to have permenantely fixed this, though.

    In openstack, the metadata service might be painfully slow, and
    unable to avoid hitting a timeout of even up to 10 seconds or more
    (LP: #894279) for a simple GET.

    Offset those needs with the need to not hang forever (and block boot)
    on a system where cloud-init is configured to look for EC2 Metadata
    service but is not going to find one.  It is possible that the instance
    data host (169.254.169.254) may be firewalled off Entirely for a sytem,
    meaning that the connection will block forever unless a timeout is set.
    """
    start_time = time.time()

    def log_status_cb(msg, exc=None):
        LOG.debug(msg)

    if status_cb is None:
        status_cb = log_status_cb

    def timeup(max_wait, start_time):
        return ((max_wait <= 0 or max_wait is None) or
                (time.time() - start_time > max_wait))

    loop_n = 0
    while True:
        sleep_time = int(loop_n / 5) + 1
        for url in urls:
            now = time.time()
            if loop_n != 0:
                if timeup(max_wait, start_time):
                    break
                if timeout and (now + timeout > (start_time + max_wait)):
                    # shorten timeout to not run way over max_time
                    timeout = int((start_time + max_wait) - now)

            reason = ""
            e = None
            try:
                if headers_cb is not None:
                    headers = headers_cb(url)
                else:
                    headers = {}

                response = readurl(url, headers=headers, timeout=timeout,
                                   check_status=False)
                if not response.contents:
                    reason = "empty response [%s]" % (response.code)
                    e = UrlError(ValueError(reason),
                                 code=response.code, headers=response.headers)
                elif not response.ok():
                    reason = "bad status code [%s]" % (response.code)
                    e = UrlError(ValueError(reason),
                                 code=response.code, headers=response.headers)
                else:
                    return url
            except UrlError as e:
                reason = "request error [%s]" % e
            except Exception as e:
                reason = "unexpected error [%s]" % e

            time_taken = int(time.time() - start_time)
            status_msg = "Calling '%s' failed [%s/%ss]: %s" % (url,
                                                               time_taken,
                                                               max_wait,
                                                               reason)
            status_cb(status_msg)
            if exception_cb:
                # This can be used to alter the headers that will be sent
                # in the future, for example this is what the MAAS datasource
                # does.
                exception_cb(msg=status_msg, exception=e)

        if timeup(max_wait, start_time):
            break

        loop_n = loop_n + 1
        LOG.debug("Please wait %s seconds while we wait to try again",
                  sleep_time)
        time.sleep(sleep_time)

    return False