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The data source ``NoCloud`` and ``NoCloudNet`` allow the user to provide user-data
and meta-data to the instance without running a network service (or even without
having a network at all).
You can provide meta-data and user-data to a local vm boot via files on a `vfat`_
or `iso9660`_ filesystem.
These user-data and meta-data files are expected to be
in the following format.
::
/user-data
/meta-data
Basically, user-data is simply user-data and meta-data is a yaml formatted file
representing what you'd find in the EC2 metadata service.
Given a disk ubuntu 12.04 cloud image in 'disk.img', you can create a sufficient disk
by following the example below.
::
## create user-data and meta-data files that will be used
## to modify image on first boot
$ { echo instance-id: iid-local01; echo local-hostname: cloudimg; } > meta-data
$ printf "#cloud-config\npassword: passw0rd\nchpasswd: { expire: False }\nssh_pwauth: True\n" > user-data
## create a disk to attach with some user-data and meta-data
$ genisoimage -output seed.iso -volid cidata -joliet -rock user-data meta-data
## alternatively, create a vfat filesystem with same files
## $ truncate --size 2M seed.img
## $ mkfs.vfat -n cidata seed.img
## $ mcopy -oi seed.img user-data meta-data ::
## create a new qcow image to boot, backed by your original image
$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b disk.img boot-disk.img
## boot the image and login as 'ubuntu' with password 'passw0rd'
## note, passw0rd was set as password through the user-data above,
## there is no password set on these images.
$ kvm -m 256 \
-net nic -net user,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
-drive file=boot-disk.img,if=virtio \
-drive file=seed.iso,if=virtio
**Note:** that the instance-id provided (``iid-local01`` above) is what is used to
determine if this is "first boot". So if you are making updates to user-data
you will also have to change that, or start the disk fresh.
Also, you can inject an ``/etc/network/interfaces`` file by providing the content
for that file in the ``network-interfaces`` field of metadata.
Example metadata:
::
instance-id: iid-abcdefg
network-interfaces: |
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.10
network 192.168.1.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.254
hostname: myhost
.. _iso9660: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9660
.. _vfat: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table
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