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author | rebortg <github@ghlr.de> | 2020-12-06 21:41:10 +0100 |
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committer | rebortg <github@ghlr.de> | 2020-12-06 21:41:10 +0100 |
commit | ce090a4ced7fccce3fdc70142e22fa0009fae12b (patch) | |
tree | 457f57457c190008eb23e822f8b168c003ff6cd5 /docs/cli.rst | |
parent | b1cb71c71935ad6b0a7d9effe8f4dc4467de2175 (diff) | |
download | vyos-documentation-ce090a4ced7fccce3fdc70142e22fa0009fae12b.tar.gz vyos-documentation-ce090a4ced7fccce3fdc70142e22fa0009fae12b.zip |
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diff --git a/docs/cli.rst b/docs/cli.rst index b138b18b..34ab3df6 100644 --- a/docs/cli.rst +++ b/docs/cli.rst @@ -97,3 +97,736 @@ To enter configuration mode use the ``configure`` command: See the configuration section of this document for more information on configuration mode. + + +.. _configuration-overview: + +###################### +Configuration Overview +###################### + +VyOS makes use of a unified configuration file for the entire system's +configuration: ``/config/config.boot``. This allows easy template +creation, backup, and replication of system configuration. A system can +thus also be easily cloned by simply copying the required configuration +files. + +Terminology +=========== +live +A VyOS system has three major types of configurations: + +* **Active** or **running configuration** is the system configuration + that is loaded and currently active (used by VyOS). Any change in + the configuration will have to be committed to belong to the + active/running configuration. + +* **Working configuration** is the one that is currently being modified + in configuration mode. Changes made to the working configuration do + not go into effect until the changes are committed with the + :cfgcmd:`commit` command. At which time the working configuration will + become the active or running configuration. + +* **Saved configuration** is the one saved to a file using the + :cfgcmd:`save` command. It allows you to keep safe a configuration for + future uses. There can be multiple configuration files. The default or + "boot" configuration is saved and loaded from the file + ``/config/config.boot``. + +Seeing and navigating the configuration +======================================= + +.. opcmd:: show configuration + + View the current active configuration, also known as the running + configuration, from the operational mode. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos:~$ show configuration + interfaces { + ethernet eth0 { + address dhcp + hw-id 00:53:00:00:aa:01 + } + loopback lo { + } + } + service { + ssh { + port 22 + } + } + system { + config-management { + commit-revisions 20 + } + console { + device ttyS0 { + speed 9600 + } + } + login { + user vyos { + authentication { + encrypted-password **************** + } + level admin + } + } + ntp { + server 0.pool.ntp.org { + } + server 1.pool.ntp.org { + } + server 2.pool.ntp.org { + } + } + syslog { + global { + facility all { + level notice + } + facility protocols { + level debug + } + } + } + } + +By default, the configuration is displayed in a hierarchy like the above +example, this is only one of the possible ways to display the +configuration. When the configuration is generated and the device is +configured, changes are added through a collection of :cfgcmd:`set` and +:cfgcmd:`delete` commands. + +.. opcmd:: show configuration commands + + Get a collection of all the set commands required which led to the + running configuration. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos:~$ show configuration commands + set interfaces ethernet eth0 address 'dhcp' + set interfaces ethernet eth0 hw-id '00:53:dd:44:3b:0f' + set interfaces loopback 'lo' + set service ssh port '22' + set system config-management commit-revisions '20' + set system console device ttyS0 speed '9600' + set system login user vyos authentication encrypted-password '$6$Vt68...QzF0' + set system login user vyos level 'admin' + set system ntp server '0.pool.ntp.org' + set system ntp server '1.pool.ntp.org' + set system ntp server '2.pool.ntp.org' + set system syslog global facility all level 'notice' + set system syslog global facility protocols level 'debug' + +Both these ``show`` commands should be executed when in operational +mode, they do not work directly in configuration mode. There is a +special way on how to :ref:`run_opmode_from_config_mode`. + +.. hint:: Use the ``show configuration commands | strip-private`` + command when you want to hide private data. You may want to do so if + you want to share your configuration on the `forum`_. + +.. _`forum`: https://forum.vyos.io + + +The config mode +--------------- + +When entering the configuration mode you are navigating inside a tree +structure, to enter configuration mode enter the command +:opcmd:`configure` when in operational mode. + +.. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos$ configure + [edit] + vyos@vyos# + + +.. note:: When going into configuration mode, prompt changes from + ``$`` to ``#``. + + +All commands executed here are relative to the configuration level you +have entered. You can do everything from the top level, but commands +will be quite lengthy when manually typing them. + +The current hierarchy level can be changed by the :cfgcmd:`edit` +command. + +.. code-block:: none + + [edit] + vyos@vyos# edit interfaces ethernet eth0 + + [edit interfaces ethernet eth0] + vyos@vyos# + +You are now in a sublevel relative to ``interfaces ethernet eth0``, all +commands executed from this point on are relative to this sublevel. Use +eithe the :cfgcmd:`top` or :cfgcmd:`exit` command to go back to the top +of the hierarchy. You can also use the :cfgcmd:`up` command to move only +one level up at a time. + +.. cfgcmd:: show + +The :cfgcmd:`show` command within configuration mode will show the +working configuration indicating line changes with ``+`` for additions, +``>`` for replacements and ``-`` for deletions. + +**Example:** + +.. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos:~$ configure + [edit] + vyos@vyos# show interfaces + ethernet eth0 { + description MY_OLD_DESCRIPTION + disable + hw-id 00:53:dd:44:3b:03 + } + loopback lo { + } + [edit] + vyos@vyos# set interfaces ethernet eth0 address dhcp + [edit] + vyos@vyos# set interfaces ethernet eth0 description MY_NEW_DESCRIPTION + [edit] + vyos@vyos# delete interfaces ethernet eth0 disable + [edit] + vyos@vyos# show interfaces + ethernet eth0 { + + address dhcp + > description MY_NEW_DESCRIPTION + - disable + hw-id 00:53:dd:44:3b:03 + } + loopback lo { + } + +It is also possible to display all `set` commands within configuration +mode using :cfgcmd:`show | commands` + +.. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos# show interfaces ethernet eth0 | commands + set address dhcp + set hw-id 00:53:ad:44:3b:03 + +These commands are also relative to the level you are inside and only +relevant configuration blocks will be displayed when entering a +sub-level. + +.. code-block:: none + + [edit interfaces ethernet eth0] + vyos@vyos# show + address dhcp + hw-id 00:53:ad:44:3b:03 + +Exiting from the configuration mode is done via the :cfgcmd:`exit` +command from the top level, executing :cfgcmd:`exit` from within a +sub-level takes you back to the top level. + +.. code-block:: none + + [edit interfaces ethernet eth0] + vyos@vyos# exit + [edit] + vyos@vyos# exit + Warning: configuration changes have not been saved. + + +Editing the configuration +========================= + +The configuration can be edited by the use of :cfgcmd:`set` and +:cfgcmd:`delete` commands from within configuration mode. + +.. cfgcmd:: set + + Use this command to set the value of a parameter or to create a new + element. + +Configuration commands are flattened from the tree into 'one-liner' +commands shown in :opcmd:`show configuration commands` from operation +mode. Commands are relative to the level where they are executed and all +redundant information from the current level is removed from the command +entered. + +.. code-block:: none + + [edit] + vyos@vyos# set interface ethernet eth0 address 192.0.2.100/24 + + +.. code-block:: none + + [edit interfaces ethernet eth0] + vyos@vyos# set address 203.0.113.6/24 + + +These two commands above are essentially the same, just executed from +different levels in the hierarchy. + +.. cfgcmd:: delete + + To delete a configuration entry use the :cfgcmd:`delete` command, + this also deletes all sub-levels under the current level you've + specified in the :cfgcmd:`delete` command. Deleting an entry will + also result in the element reverting back to its default value if one + exists. + + .. code-block:: none + + [edit interfaces ethernet eth0] + vyos@vyos# delete address 192.0.2.100/24 + +.. cfgcmd:: commit + + Any change you do on the configuration, will not take effect until + committed using the :cfgcmd:`commit` command in configuration mode. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos# commit + [edit] + vyos@vyos# exit + Warning: configuration changes have not been saved. + vyos@vyos:~$ + +.. _save: + +.. cfgcmd:: save + + Use this command to preserve configuration changes upon reboot. By + default it is stored at */config/config.boot*. In the case you want + to store the configuration file somewhere else, you can add a local + path, an SCP address, an FTP address or a TFTP address. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos# save + Saving configuration to '/config/config.boot'... + Done + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos# save [tab] + Possible completions: + <Enter> Save to system config file + <file> Save to file on local machine + scp://<user>:<passwd>@<host>:/<file> Save to file on remote machine + ftp://<user>:<passwd>@<host>/<file> Save to file on remote machine + tftp://<host>/<file> Save to file on remote machine + vyos@vyos# save tftp://192.168.0.100/vyos-test.config.boot + Saving configuration to 'tftp://192.168.0.100/vyos-test.config.boot'... + ######################################################################## 100.0% + Done + +.. cfgcmd:: exit [discard] + + Configuration mode can not be exited while uncommitted changes exist. + To exit configuration mode without applying changes, the + :cfgcmd:`exit discard` command must be used. + + All changes in the working config will thus be lost. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos# exit + Cannot exit: configuration modified. + Use 'exit discard' to discard the changes and exit. + [edit] + vyos@vyos# exit discard + + +.. cfgcmd:: commit-confirm <minutes> + + Use this command to temporarily commit your changes and set the + number of minutes available for validation. ``confirm`` must + be entered within those minutes, otherwise the system will reboot + into the previous configuration. The default value is 10 minutes. + + + What if you are doing something dangerous? Suppose you want to setup + a firewall, and you are not sure there are no mistakes that will lock + you out of your system. You can use confirmed commit. If you issue + the ``commit-confirm`` command, your changes will be commited, and if + you don't issue issue the ``confirm`` command in 10 minutes, your + system will reboot into previous config revision. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@router# set interfaces ethernet eth0 firewall local name FromWorld + vyos@router# commit-confirm + commit confirm will be automatically reboot in 10 minutes unless confirmed + Proceed? [confirm]y + [edit] + vyos@router# confirm + [edit] + + + .. note:: A reboot because you did not enter ``confirm`` will not + take you necessarily to the *saved configuration*, but to the + point before the unfortunate commit. + + +.. cfgcmd:: copy + + Copy a configuration element. + + You can copy and remove configuration subtrees. Suppose you set up a + firewall ruleset ``FromWorld`` with one rule that allows traffic from + specific subnet. Now you want to setup a similar rule, but for + different subnet. Change your edit level to + ``firewall name FromWorld`` and use ``copy rule 10 to rule 20``, then + modify rule 20. + + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@router# show firewall name FromWorld + default-action drop + rule 10 { + action accept + source { + address 203.0.113.0/24 + } + } + [edit] + vyos@router# edit firewall name FromWorld + [edit firewall name FromWorld] + vyos@router# copy rule 10 to rule 20 + [edit firewall name FromWorld] + vyos@router# set rule 20 source address 198.51.100.0/24 + [edit firewall name FromWorld] + vyos@router# commit + [edit firewall name FromWorld] + + +.. cfgcmd:: rename + + Rename a configuration element. + + You can also rename config subtrees: + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@router# rename rule 10 to rule 5 + [edit firewall name FromWorld] + vyos@router# commit + [edit firewall name FromWorld] + + Note that ``show`` command respects your edit level and from this + level you can view the modified firewall ruleset with just ``show`` + with no parameters. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@router# show + default-action drop + rule 5 { + action accept + source { + address 203.0.113.0/24 + } + } + rule 20 { + action accept + source { + address 198.51.100.0/24 + } + } + + +.. cfgcmd:: comment <config node> "comment text" + + Add comment as an annotation to a configuration node. + + The ``comment`` command allows you to insert a comment above the + ``<config node>`` configuration section. When shown, comments are + enclosed with ``/*`` and ``*/`` as open/close delimiters. Comments + need to be commited, just like other config changes. + + To remove an existing comment from your current configuration, + specify an empty string enclosed in double quote marks (``""``) as + the comment text. + + Example: + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos# comment firewall all-ping "Yes I know this VyOS is cool" + vyos@vyos# commit + vyos@vyos# show + firewall { + /* Yes I know this VyOS is cool */ + all-ping enable + broadcast-ping disable + ... + } + + .. note:: An important thing to note is that since the comment is + added on top of the section, it will not appear if the ``show + <section>`` command is used. With the above example, the `show + firewall` command would return starting after the ``firewall + {`` line, hiding the comment. + + + + + + +.. _run_opmode_from_config_mode: + +Access opmode from config mode +============================== + +When inside configuration mode you are not directly able to execute +operational commands. + +.. cfgcmd:: run + + Access to these commands are possible through the use of the + ``run [command]`` command. From this command you will have access to + everything accessible from operational mode. + + Command completion and syntax help with ``?`` and ``[tab]`` will also + work. + + .. code-block:: none + + [edit] + vyos@vyos# run show interfaces + Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down + Interface IP Address S/L Description + --------- ---------- --- ----------- + eth0 0.0.0.0/0 u/u + +Managing configurations +======================= + +VyOS comes with an integrated versioning system for the system +configuration. It automatically maintains a backup of every previous +configuration which has been committed to the system. The configurations +are versioned locally for rollback but they can also be stored on a +remote host for archiving/backup reasons. + +Local Archive +------------- + +Revisions are stored on disk. You can view, compare and rollback them to +any previous revisions if something goes wrong. + +.. opcmd:: show system commit + + View all existing revisions on the local system. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos:~$ show system commit + 0 2015-03-30 08:53:03 by vyos via cli + 1 2015-03-30 08:52:20 by vyos via cli + 2 2015-03-26 21:26:01 by root via boot-config-loader + 3 2015-03-26 20:43:18 by root via boot-config-loader + 4 2015-03-25 11:06:14 by root via boot-config-loader + 5 2015-03-25 01:04:28 by root via boot-config-loader + 6 2015-03-25 00:16:47 by vyos via cli + 7 2015-03-24 23:43:45 by root via boot-config-loader + + +.. cfgcmd:: set system config-management commit-revisions <N> + + You can specify the number of revisions stored on disk. N can be in + the range of 0 - 65535. When the number of revisions exceeds the + configured value, the oldest revision is removed. The default setting + for this value is to store 100 revisions locally. + + +Compare configurations +---------------------- + +VyOS lets you compare different configurations. + +.. cfgcmd:: compare <saved | N> <M> + + Use this command to spot what the differences are between different + configurations. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos# compare [tab] + Possible completions: + <Enter> Compare working & active configurations + saved Compare working & saved configurations + <N> Compare working with revision N + <N> <M> Compare revision N with M + Revisions: + 0 2013-12-17 20:01:37 root by boot-config-loader + 1 2013-12-13 15:59:31 root by boot-config-loader + 2 2013-12-12 21:56:22 vyos by cli + 3 2013-12-12 21:55:11 vyos by cli + 4 2013-12-12 21:27:54 vyos by cli + 5 2013-12-12 21:23:29 vyos by cli + 6 2013-12-12 21:13:59 root by boot-config-loader + 7 2013-12-12 16:25:19 vyos by cli + 8 2013-12-12 15:44:36 vyos by cli + 9 2013-12-12 15:42:07 root by boot-config-loader + 10 2013-12-12 15:42:06 root by init + + The command :cfgcmd:`compare` allows you to compare different type of + configurations. It also lets you compare different revisions through + the :cfgcmd:`compare N M` command, where N and M are revision + numbers. The output will describe how the configuration N is when + compared to M indicating with a plus sign (``+``) the additional + parts N has when compared to M, and indicating with a minus sign + (``-``) the lacking parts N misses when compared to M. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos# compare 0 6 + [edit interfaces] + +dummy dum1 { + + address 10.189.0.1/31 + +} + [edit interfaces ethernet eth0] + +vif 99 { + + address 10.199.0.1/31 + +} + -vif 900 { + - address 192.0.2.4/24 + -} + + +.. opcmd:: show system commit diff <number> + + Show commit revision difference. + + +The command above also lets you see the difference between two commits. +By default the difference with the running config is shown. + +.. code-block:: none + + vyos@router# run show system commit diff 4 + [edit system] + +ipv6 { + + disable-forwarding + +} + +This means four commits ago we did ``set system ipv6 disable-forwarding``. + + +Rollback Changes +---------------- + +You can rollback configuration changes using the rollback command. This +will apply the selected revision and trigger a system reboot. + +.. cfgcmd:: rollback <N> + + Rollback to revision N (currently requires reboot) + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos# compare 1 + [edit system] + >host-name vyos-1 + [edit] + + vyos@vyos# rollback 1 + Proceed with reboot? [confirm][y] + Broadcast message from root@vyos-1 (pts/0) (Tue Dec 17 21:07:45 2013): + The system is going down for reboot NOW! + +Remote Archive +-------------- + +VyOS can upload the configuration to a remote location after each call +to :cfgcmd:`commit`. You will have to set the commit-archive location. +TFTP, FTP, SCP and SFTP servers are supported. Every time a +:cfgcmd:`commit` is successfull the ``config.boot`` file will be copied +to the defined destination(s). The filename used on the remote host will +be ``config.boot-hostname.YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS``. + +.. cfgcmd:: set system config-management commit-archive location <URI> + + Specify remote location of commit archive as any of the below + :abbr:`URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)` + + * ``scp://<user>:<passwd>@<host>:/<dir>`` + * ``sftp://<user>:<passwd>@<host>/<dir>`` + * ``ftp://<user>:<passwd>@<host>/<dir>`` + * ``tftp://<host>/<dir>`` + +.. note:: The number of revisions don't affect the commit-archive. + +.. note:: You may find VyOS not allowing the secure connection because + it cannot verify the legitimacy of the remote server. You can use + the workaround below to quickly add the remote host's SSH + fingerprint to your ``~/.ssh/known_hosts`` file: + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos# ssh-keyscan <host> >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts + +Saving and loading manually +--------------------------- + +You can use the ``save`` and ``load`` commands if you want to manually +manage specific configuration files. + +When using the save_ command, you can add a specific location where +to store your configuration file. And, when needed it, you will be able +to load it with the ``load`` command: + +.. cfgcmd:: load <URI> + + Use this command to load a configuration which will replace the + running configuration. Define the location of the configuration file + to be loaded. You can use a path to a local file, an SCP address, an + SFTP address, an FTP address, an HTTP address, an HTTPS address or a + TFTP address. + + .. code-block:: none + + vyos@vyos# load + Possible completions: + <Enter> Load from system config file + <file> Load from file on local machine + scp://<user>:<passwd>@<host>:/<file> Load from file on remote machine + sftp://<user>:<passwd>@<host>/<file> Load from file on remote machine + ftp://<user>:<passwd>@<host>/<file> Load from file on remote machine + http://<host>/<file> Load from file on remote machine + https://<host>/<file> Load from file on remote machine + tftp://<host>/<file> Load from file on remote machine + + + +Restore Default +--------------- + +In the case you want to completely delete your configuration and restore +the default one, you can enter the following command in configuration +mode: + +.. code-block:: none + + load /opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default + +You will be asked if you want to continue. If you accept, you will have +to use :cfgcmd:`commit` if you want to make the changes active. + +Then you may want to :cfgcmd:`save` in order to delete the saved +configuration too. + +.. note:: If you are remotely connected, you will lose your connection. + You may want to copy first the config, edit it to ensure + connectivity, and load the edited config. + |