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authorChristian Poessinger <christian@poessinger.com>2018-10-03 15:41:21 +0200
committerChristian Poessinger <christian@poessinger.com>2018-10-03 15:41:21 +0200
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Add Troubleshooting chapter
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+Troubleshooting
+===============
+
+Sometimes things break or don't work as expected. This section describes
+several troubleshooting tools provided by VyOS that can help when something
+goes wrong.
+
+Basic Connectivity Verification
+-------------------------------
+
+Verifying connectivity can be done with the familiar `ping` and `traceroute`
+commands. The options for each are shown (the options for each command were
+displayed using the built-in help as described in the `Command-Line Interface`_
+section and are omitted from the output here):
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ ping
+ Possible completions:
+ <hostname> Send Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request
+ <x.x.x.x>
+ <h:h:h:h:h:h:h:h>
+
+Several options are available when more extensive troubleshooting is needed:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ ping 8.8.8.8
+ Possible completions:
+ <Enter> Execute the current command
+ adaptive Ping options
+ allow-broadcast
+ audible
+ bypass-route
+ count
+ deadline
+ flood
+ interface
+ interval
+ mark
+ no-loopback
+ numeric
+ pattern
+ quiet
+ record-route
+ size
+ timestamp
+ tos
+ ttl
+ verbose
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ traceroute
+ Possible completions:
+ <hostname> Track network path to specified node
+ <x.x.x.x>
+ <h:h:h:h:h:h:h:h>
+ ipv4 Track network path to <hostname|IPv4 address>
+ ipv6 Track network path to <hostname|IPv6 address>
+
+However, another tool, mtr_, is available which combines ping and traceroute
+into a single tool. An example of its output is shown:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ mtr 10.62.212.12
+
+ My traceroute [v0.85]
+ vyos (0.0.0.0)
+ Keys: Help Display mode Restart statistics Order of fields quit
+ Packets Pings
+ Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
+ 1. 10.11.110.4 0.0% 34 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.1
+ 2. 10.62.255.184 0.0% 34 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.4 0.1
+ 3. 10.62.255.71 0.0% 34 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.0 0.1
+ 4. 10.62.212.12 0.0% 34 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 0.0
+
+**NOTE:** The output of '''mtr''' consumes the screen and will replace your
+command prompt.
+
+Several options are available for changing the display output. Press `h` to
+invoke the built in help system. To quit, just press `q` and you'll be returned
+to the VyOS command prompt.
+
+Monitoring Network Interfaces
+-----------------------------
+
+It's possible to monitor network traffic, either at the flow level or protocol
+level. This can be useful when troubleshooting a variety of protocols and
+configurations. The following interface types can be monitored:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ monitor interfaces
+ Possible completions:
+ <Enter> Execute the current command
+ bonding Monitor a bonding interface
+ bridge Monitor a bridge interface
+ ethernet Monitor a ethernet interface
+ loopback Monitor a loopback interface
+ openvpn Monitor an openvpn interface
+ pppoe Monitor pppoe interface
+ pseudo-ethernet
+ Monitor a pseudo-ethernet interface
+ tunnel Monitor a tunnel interface
+ vrrp Monitor a vrrp interface
+ vti Monitor a vti interface
+ wireless Monitor wireless interface
+
+To monitor traffic flows, issue the :code:`monitor interfaces <type> <name> flow`
+command, replacing `<type>` and `<name>` with your desired interface type and
+name, respectively. Output looks like the following:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ 12.5Kb 25.0Kb 37.5Kb 50.0Kb 62.5Kb
+ ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
+ 10.11.111.255 => 10.11.110.37 0b 0b 0b
+ <= 624b 749b 749b
+ 10.11.110.29 => 10.62.200.11 0b 198b 198b
+ <= 0b 356b 356b
+ 255.255.255.255 => 10.11.110.47 0b 0b 0b
+ <= 724b 145b 145b
+ 10.11.111.255 => 10.11.110.47 0b 0b 0b
+ <= 724b 145b 145b
+ 10.11.111.255 => 10.11.110.255 0b 0b 0b
+ <= 680b 136b 136b
+ ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
+ TX: cumm: 26.7KB peak: 40.6Kb rates: 23.2Kb 21.4Kb 21.4Kb
+ RX: 67.5KB 63.6Kb 54.6Kb 54.0Kb 54.0Kb
+ TOTAL: 94.2KB 104Kb 77.8Kb 75.4Kb 75.4Kb
+
+Several options are available for changing the display output. Press `h` to
+invoke the built in help system. To quit, just press `q` and you'll be returned
+to the VyOS command prompt.
+
+To monitor interface traffic, issue the :code:`monitor interfaces <type> <name>
+traffic` command, replacing `<type>` and `<name>` with your desired interface
+type and name, respectively. This command invokes the familiar tshark_ utility
+and the following options are available:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ vyos@vyos:~$ monitor interfaces ethernet eth0 traffic
+ Possible completions:
+ <Enter> Execute the current command
+ detail Monitor detailed traffic for the specified ethernet interface
+ filter Monitor filtered traffic for the specified ethernet interface
+ save Save monitored traffic to a file
+ unlimited Monitor traffic for the specified ethernet interface
+
+To quit monitoring, press `Ctrl-c` and you'll be returned to the VyOS command
+prompt. The `detail` keyword provides verbose output of the traffic seen on
+the monitored interface. The `filter` keyword accepts valid `PCAP filter
+expressions`_, enclosed in single or double quotes (e.g. "port 25" or "port 161
+and udp"). The `save` keyword allows you to save the traffic dump to a file.
+The `unlimited` keyword is used to specify that an unlimited number of packets
+can be captured (by default, 1,000 packets are captured and you're returned to
+the VyOS command prompt).
+
+.. _mtr: http://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/
+.. _tshark: https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/tshark.html
+.. _`PCAP filter expressions`: http://www.tcpdump.org/manpages/pcap-filter.7.html
diff --git a/docs/index.rst b/docs/index.rst
index 2875ca09..8fd6d15d 100644
--- a/docs/index.rst
+++ b/docs/index.rst
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ as a router and firewall platform for cloud deployments.
.. include:: ch15-image-mgmt.rst
+.. include:: ch16-troubleshooting.rst
+
Indices and tables
==================