diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'includes/sid/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | includes/sid/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html | 479 |
1 files changed, 479 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/includes/sid/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html b/includes/sid/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..180431bcf --- /dev/null +++ b/includes/sid/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html @@ -0,0 +1,479 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"> + +<html> + +<head> + +<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> + +<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date</title> + +</head> + +<body> + +<p><a name="ch-uptodate"></a></p> +<hr> + +<p> +[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">previous</a> ] +[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">3</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">4</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">5</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">6</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">7</a> ] +[ 8 ] +[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">9</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">10</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">11</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">12</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">13</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">14</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">15</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">next</a> ] +</p> + +<hr> + +<h1> +The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ +<br>Chapter 8 - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date +</h1> + +<hr> + +<p> +A Debian goal is to provide a consistent upgrade path and a secure upgrade +process. We always do our best to make upgrading to new releases a smooth +procedure. In case there's some important note to add to the upgrade process, +the packages will alert the user, and often provide a solution to a possible +problem. +</p> + +<p> +You should also read the Release Notes document that describes the details of +specific upgrades. It is shipped on all Debian CDs and available on the WWW at +<code><a +href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes">http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes</a></code>. +</p> + +<hr> + +<h2><a name="s-libc5to6upgrade"></a>8.1 How can I upgrade my Debian 1.3.1 (or earlier) distribution, based on libc5, to 2.0 (or later), based on libc6?</h2> + +<p> +There are several ways to upgrade: +</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p> +Using a simple shell script called <samp>autoup.sh</samp> which upgrades the +most important packages. After <samp>autoup.sh</samp> has done his job, you +may use dselect to install the remaining packages <em>en masse</em>. This is +probably the recommended method, but not the only one. +</p> + +<p> +Currently, the latest release of <samp>autoup.sh</samp> may be found on the +following locations: +</p> +<ul> +<li> +<p> +<code><a +href="http://www.debian.org/releases/2.0/autoup/">http://www.debian.org/releases/2.0/autoup/</a></code> +</p> +</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li> +<p> +<code><a +href="http://www.taz.net.au/autoup/">http://www.taz.net.au/autoup/</a></code> +</p> +</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li> +<p> +<code><a +href="http://debian.vicnet.net.au/autoup/">http://debian.vicnet.net.au/autoup/</a></code> +</p> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li> +<p> +Following closely the <code><a +href="http://debian.vicnet.net.au/autoup/HOWTO/libc5-libc6-Mini-HOWTO.html">Debian +libc5 to libc6 Mini-HOWTO</a></code> and upgrade the most important packages by +hand. <samp>autoup.sh</samp> is based on this Mini-HOWTO, so this method +should work more or less like using <samp>autoup.sh</samp>. +</p> +</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li> +<p> +Using a libc5-based <samp>apt</samp>. APT stands for Advanced Package Tool, +and it might replace dselect some day. Currently, it works just as a +command-line interface, or as a dselect access method. You will find a libc5 +version in the <samp>dists/slink/main/upgrade-older-i386</samp> directory at +the Debian archives. +</p> +</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li> +<p> +Using just dselect, without upgrading any package by hand first. It is highly +recommended that you do NOT use this method if you can avoid it, because +dselect alone currently does not install packages in the optimal order. APT +works much better and it is safer. +</p> +</li> +</ul> + +<hr> + +<h2><a name="s-howtocurrent"></a>8.2 How can I keep my Debian system current?</h2> + +<p> +One could simply execute an anonymous ftp call to a Debian archive, then peruse +the directories until one finds the desired file, and then fetch it, and +finally install it using <samp>dpkg</samp>. Note that <samp>dpkg</samp> will +install upgrade files in place, even on a running system. Sometimes, a revised +package will require the installation of a newly revised version of another +package, in which case the installation will fail until/unless the other +package is installed. +</p> + +<p> +Many people find this approach much too time-consuming, since Debian evolves so +quickly -- typically, a dozen or more new packages are uploaded every week. +This number is larger just before a new major release. To deal with this +avalanche, many people prefer to use a more automated method. Several +different packages are available for this purpose: +</p> + +<hr> + +<h3><a name="s-aptitude-upgrade"></a>8.2.1 aptitude</h3> + +<p> +APT is an advanced interface to the Debian packaging system. It features +complete installation ordering, multiple source capability and several other +unique features, see the User's Guide in +<samp>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/guide.html/index.html</samp> (you will have to +install the <samp>apt-doc</samp> package). +</p> + +<p> +<code>aptitude</code> is the recommended package manager for Debian GNU/Linux +systems. It is a text-based interface to APT using the curses library, and can +be used to perform management tasks in a fast and easy way. +</p> + +<p> +Before you can use <code>aptitude</code>, you'll have to edit the +<samp>/etc/apt/sources.list</samp> file to set it up. If you wish to upgrade +to the latest stable version of Debian, you'll probably want to use a source +like this one: +</p> + +<pre> + http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free +</pre> + +<p> +You can replace http.us.debian.org with the name of a faster Debian mirror near +you. See the mirror list at <code><a +href="http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors">http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors</a></code> +for more information. +</p> + +<p> +More details on this can be found in the <code>sources.list(8)</code> manual +page. +</p> + +<p> +To update your system, run +</p> + +<pre> + aptitude update +</pre> + +<p> +followed by +</p> + +<pre> + aptitude dist-upgrade +</pre> + +<p> +Answer any questions that might come up, and your system will be upgraded. See +also <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude">aptitude, Section 7.1.3</a>. +</p> + +<hr> + +<h3><a name="s-apt"></a>8.2.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom</h3> + +<p> +<code>apt-get</code> is an APT-based command-line tool for handling packages, +and the APT dselect method is an interface to APT through <code>dselect</code>. +Both of these provide a simple, safe way to install and upgrade packages. +</p> + +<p> +To use <code>apt-get</code>, install the <code>apt</code> package, and edit the +<samp>/etc/apt/sources.list</samp> file to set it up, just as for <a +href="#s-aptitude-upgrade">aptitude, Section 8.2.1</a>. +</p> + +<p> +Then run +</p> + +<pre> + apt-get update +</pre> + +<p> +followed by +</p> + +<pre> + apt-get dist-upgrade +</pre> + +<p> +Answer any questions that might come up, and your system will be upgraded. See +also the <code>apt-get(8)</code> manual page, as well as <a +href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get">APT, Section 7.1.2</a>. +</p> + +<p> +To use APT with <code>dselect</code>, choose the APT access method in dselect's +method selection screen (option 0) and then specify the sources that should be +used. The configuration file is <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>. See also +<a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect">dselect, Section 7.1.4</a>. +</p> + +<p> +If you want to use CDs to install packages, you can use <code>apt-cdrom</code>. +For details, please see the Release Notes, section "Setting up for an +upgrade from a local mirror". +</p> + +<p> +Please note that when you get and install the packages, you'll still have them +kept in your /var directory hierarchy. To keep your partition from +overflowing, remember to delete extra files using <samp>apt-get clean</samp> +and <samp>apt-get autoclean</samp>, or to move them someplace else (hint: use +<code>apt-move</code>). +</p> + +<hr> + +<h3><a name="s-dpkg-ftp"></a>8.2.3 dpkg-ftp</h3> + +<p> +This is an older access method for <code>dselect</code>. It can be invoked +from within <code>dselect</code>, thereby allowing a user the ability to +download files and install them directly in one step. To do this, select the +<samp>ftp</samp> access method in <code>dselect</code> (option 0) and specify +the remote host name and directory. <code>dpkg-ftp</code> will then +automatically download the files that are selected (either in this session of +<code>dselect</code> or earlier ones). +</p> + +<p> +Note that, unlike the <code>mirror</code> program, <code>dpkg-ftp</code> does +not grab everything at a mirror site. Rather, it downloads only those files +which you have selected (when first starting up <code>dpkg-ftp</code>), and +which need to be updated. +</p> + +<p> +<code>dpkg-ftp</code> is somewhat obsolete. You should use the APT access +method with ftp:// URLs in <code>sources.list</code> instead. +</p> + +<hr> + +<h3><a name="s-mirror"></a>8.2.4 mirror</h3> + +<p> +This Perl script, and its (optional) manager program called +<code>mirror-master</code>, can be used to fetch user-specified parts of a +directory tree from a specified host <em>via</em> anonymous FTP. +</p> + +<p> +<code>mirror</code> is particularly useful for downloading large volumes of +software. After the first time files have been downloaded from a site, a file +called <samp>.mirrorinfo</samp> is stored on the local host. Changes to the +remote file system are tracked automatically by <code>mirror</code>, which +compares this file to a similar file on the remote system and downloads only +changed files. +</p> + +<p> +The <code>mirror</code> program is generally useful for updating local copies +of remote directory trees. The files fetched need not be Debian files. (Since +<code>mirror</code> is a Perl script, it can also run on non-Unix systems.) +Though the <code>mirror</code> program provides mechanisms for excluding files +names of which match user-specified strings, this program is most useful when +the objective is to download whole directory trees, rather than selected +packages. +</p> + +<hr> + +<h3><a name="s-dpkg-mountable"></a>8.2.5 dpkg-mountable</h3> + +<p> +dpkg-mountable adds an access method called `mountable' to dselect's list, +which allows you to install from any file system specified in /etc/fstab. For +example, the archive could be a normal hard disk partition or an NFS server, +which it will automatically mount and umount for you if necessary. +</p> + +<p> +It also has some extra features not found in the standard dselect methods, such +as provision for a local file tree (either parallel to the main distribution or +totally separate), and only getting packages which are required, rather than +the time-consuming recursive directory scan, as well as logging of all dpkg +actions in the install method. +</p> + +<hr> + +<h2><a name="s-upgradesingle"></a>8.3 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?</h2> + +<p> +No. Packages can be upgraded in place, even in running systems. Debian has a +<samp>start-stop-daemon</samp> program that is invoked to stop, then restart +running process if necessary during a package upgrade. +</p> + +<hr> + +<h2><a name="s-savedebs"></a>8.4 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?</h2> + +<p> +No. If you have downloaded the files to your disk (which is not absolutely +necessary, see above for the description of dpkg-ftp), then after you have +installed the packages, you can remove them from your system. +</p> + +<hr> + +<h2><a name="s-keepingalog"></a>8.5 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!</h2> + +<p> +Passing the <samp>--log</samp>-option to <code>dpkg</code> makes +<code>dpkg</code> log status change updates and actions. It logs both the +<code>dpkg</code>-invokation (e.g. +</p> + +<pre> + 2005-12-30 18:10:33 install hello 1.3.18 2.1.1-4 +</pre> + +<p> +) and the results (e.g. +</p> + +<pre> + 2005-12-30 18:10:35 status installed hello 2.1.1-4 +</pre> + +<p> +) If you'd like to log all your <code>dpkg</code> invokations (even those done +using frontends like <code>aptitude</code>), you could add +</p> + +<pre> + log /var/log/dpkg.log +</pre> + +<p> +to your <code>/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg</code>. Be sure the created logfile gets +rotated periodically. If you're using <code>logrotate</code>, this can be +achieved by creating a file <code>/etc/logrotate.d/dpkg</code> with contents +</p> + +<pre> + /var/log/dpkg { + missingok + notifempty + } +</pre> + +<p> +More details on <code>dpkg</code> logging can be found in the +<code>dpkg(1)</code> manual page. +</p> + +<p> +<code>aptitude</code> logs the package installations, removals, and upgrades +that it intends to perform to <code>/var/log/aptitude</code>. Note that the +<em>results</em> of those actions are not recorded in this file! +</p> + +<p> +Another way to record your actions is to run your package management session +within the <code>script(1)</code> program. +</p> + +<hr> + +<p> +[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">previous</a> ] +[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">3</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">4</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">5</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">6</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">7</a> ] +[ 8 ] +[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">9</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">10</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">11</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">12</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">13</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">14</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">15</a> ] +[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">next</a> ] +</p> + +<hr> + +<p> +The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ +</p> + +<address> +version 3.1.5, 17 January 2007<br> +<br> +Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br> +<br> +</address> +<hr> + +</body> + +</html> + |