From 1ec7ddaa62e53173b4e1d2982f2bc0a3c8993fa7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Baumann Date: Sat, 20 Dec 2008 11:18:45 +0100 Subject: Updating cd includes. --- .../etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html | 636 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 636 insertions(+) create mode 100644 includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html (limited to 'includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html') diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html b/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33cc9f08e --- /dev/null +++ b/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html @@ -0,0 +1,636 @@ + + + + + + + + +The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+
+ +

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+ +
+ +

+The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ +
Chapter 9 - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date +

+ +
+ +

+A Debian goal is to provide a consistent upgrade path and a secure upgrade +process. We always do our best to make upgrading to new releases a smooth +procedure. In case there's some important note to add to the upgrade process, +the packages will alert the user, and often provide a solution to a possible +problem. +

+ +

+You should also read the Release Notes document that describes the details of +specific upgrades. It is shipped on all Debian CDs and available on the WWW at +http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes. +

+ +
+ +

9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?

+ +

+One could simply execute an anonymous ftp call to a Debian archive, then peruse +the directories until one finds the desired file, and then fetch it, and +finally install it using dpkg. Note that dpkg will +install upgrade files in place, even on a running system. Sometimes, a revised +package will require the installation of a newly revised version of another +package, in which case the installation will fail until/unless the other +package is installed. +

+ +

+Many people find this approach much too time-consuming, since Debian evolves so +quickly -- typically, a dozen or more new packages are uploaded every week. +This number is larger just before a new major release. To deal with this +avalanche, many people prefer to use a more automated method. Several +different packages are available for this purpose: +

+ +
+ +

9.1.1 aptitude

+ +

+APT is an advanced interface to the Debian packaging system. It features +complete installation ordering, multiple source capability and several other +unique features, see the User's Guide in +/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/guide.html/index.html (you will have to +install the apt-doc package). +

+ +

+aptitude is the recommended package manager for Debian GNU/Linux +systems. It is a text-based interface to APT using the curses library, and can +be used to perform management tasks in a fast and easy way. +

+ +

+Before you can use aptitude, you'll have to edit the +/etc/apt/sources.list file to set it up. If you wish to upgrade +to the latest stable version of Debian, you'll probably want to use a source +like this one: +

+ +
+     http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
+
+ +

+You can replace ftp.us.debian.org with the name of a faster Debian mirror near +you. See the mirror list at http://www.debian.org/mirror/list +for more information. +

+ +

+More details on this can be found in the sources.list(8) manual +page. +

+ +

+To update your system, run +

+ +
+     aptitude update
+
+ +

+followed by +

+ +
+     aptitude dist-upgrade
+
+ +

+Answer any questions that might come up, and your system will be upgraded. See +also aptitude, Section 8.1.3. +

+ +
+ +

9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom

+ +

+apt-get is an APT-based command-line tool for handling packages, +and the APT dselect method is an interface to APT through dselect. +Both of these provide a simple, safe way to install and upgrade packages. +

+ +

+To use apt-get, install the apt package, and edit the +/etc/apt/sources.list file to set it up, just as for aptitude, Section 9.1.1. +

+ +

+Then run +

+ +
+     apt-get update
+
+ +

+followed by +

+ +
+     apt-get dist-upgrade
+
+ +

+Answer any questions that might come up, and your system will be upgraded. See +also the apt-get(8) manual page, as well as APT, Section 8.1.2. +

+ +

+To use APT with dselect, choose the APT access method in dselect's +method selection screen (option 0) and then specify the sources that should be +used. The configuration file is /etc/apt/sources.list. See also +dselect, Section 8.1.6.1. +

+ +

+If you want to use CDs to install packages, you can use apt-cdrom. +For details, please see the Release Notes, section "Setting up for an +upgrade from a local mirror". +

+ +

+Please note that when you get and install the packages, you'll still have them +kept in your /var directory hierarchy. To keep your partition from +overflowing, remember to delete extra files using apt-get clean +and apt-get autoclean, or to move them someplace else (hint: use +apt-move). +

+ +
+ +

9.1.3 aptitude

+ +

+aptitude is a text-based interface to the Debian package system. +It allows the user to view the list of packages and to perform package +management tasks such as installing, upgrading, and removing packages (see aptitude, Section 8.1.3). Actions +may be performed from a visual interface or from the command-line. +

+ +

+In command line, the actions are similar to that of APT, so to upgrade your +system run +

+ +
+     aptitude update
+
+ +

+followed by +

+ +
+     aptitude dist-upgrade
+
+ +

+To upgrade from a preview release, aptitude is the tool +recommended. Read the Release Notes at http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes. +

+ +

+For details, see the manual page aptitude(8), and the file +/usr/share/aptitude/README +

+ +
+ +

9.1.4 mirror

+ +

+This Perl script, and its (optional) manager program called +mirror-master, can be used to fetch user-specified parts of a +directory tree from a specified host via anonymous FTP. +

+ +

+mirror is particularly useful for downloading large volumes of +software. After the first time files have been downloaded from a site, a file +called .mirrorinfo is stored on the local host. Changes to the +remote file system are tracked automatically by mirror, which +compares this file to a similar file on the remote system and downloads only +changed files. +

+ +

+The mirror program is generally useful for updating local copies +of remote directory trees. The files fetched need not be Debian files. (Since +mirror is a Perl script, it can also run on non-Unix systems.) +Though the mirror program provides mechanisms for excluding files +names of which match user-specified strings, this program is most useful when +the objective is to download whole directory trees, rather than selected +packages. +

+ +
+ +

9.1.5 dpkg-mountable

+ +

+dpkg-mountable adds an access method called `mountable' to dselect's list, +which allows you to install from any file system specified in /etc/fstab. For +example, the archive could be a normal hard disk partition or an NFS server, +which it will automatically mount and umount for you if necessary. +

+ +

+It also has some extra features not found in the standard dselect methods, such +as provision for a local file tree (either parallel to the main distribution or +totally separate), and only getting packages which are required, rather than +the time-consuming recursive directory scan, as well as logging of all dpkg +actions in the install method. +

+ +
+ +

9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?

+ +

+No. Packages can be upgraded in place, even in running systems. Debian has a +start-stop-daemon program that is invoked to stop, then restart +running process if necessary during a package upgrade. +

+ +
+ +

9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?

+ +

+No. If you have downloaded the files to your disk then after you have +installed the packages, you can remove them from your system, e.g. by running +aptitude clean. +

+ +
+ +

9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!

+ +

+Passing the --log-option to dpkg makes +dpkg log status change updates and actions. It logs both the +dpkg-invokation (e.g. +

+ +
+     2005-12-30 18:10:33 install hello 1.3.18 2.1.1-4
+
+ +

+) and the results (e.g. +

+ +
+     2005-12-30 18:10:35 status installed hello 2.1.1-4
+
+ +

+) If you'd like to log all your dpkg invokations (even those done +using frontends like aptitude), you could add +

+ +
+     log /var/log/dpkg.log
+
+ +

+to your /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg. Be sure the created logfile gets +rotated periodically. If you're using logrotate, this can be +achieved by creating a file /etc/logrotate.d/dpkg with contents +

+ +
+     /var/log/dpkg {
+       missingok
+       notifempty
+     }
+
+ +

+More details on dpkg logging can be found in the +dpkg(1) manual page. +

+ +

+aptitude logs the package installations, removals, and upgrades +that it intends to perform to /var/log/aptitude. Note that the +results of those actions are not recorded in this file! +

+ +

+Another way to record your actions is to run your package management session +within the script(1) program. +

+ +
+ +

9.5 Can I automatically update the system?

+ +

+Yes. You can use cron-apt, this tool updates the system at +regular interval by using a cron job. By default it just updates the package +list and download new packages without installing. +

+ +

+Note: Automatic upgrade of packages is NOT recommended in +testing or unstable systems as this might bring unexpected +behaviour and remove packages without notice. +

+ +
+ +

9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?

+ +

+If you have more than one Debian machine on your network, it is useful to use +apt-proxy to keep all of your Debian systems up-to-date. +

+ +

+apt-proxy reduces the bandwidth requirements of Debian mirrors by +restricting the frequency of Packages, Releases and Sources file updates from +the back end and only doing a single fetch for any file, independently of the +actual request it from the proxy. apt-proxy automatically builds +a Debian HTTP mirror based on requests which pass through the proxy. +

+ +

+For more details, see the apt-proxy homepage at http://apt-proxy.sourceforge.net/ +

+ +

+Of course, you can get the same benefit if you are already using a standard +caching proxy and all your systems are configured to use it. +

+ +
+ +

+[ previous ] +[ Contents ] +[ 1 ] +[ 2 ] +[ 3 ] +[ 4 ] +[ 5 ] +[ 6 ] +[ 7 ] +[ 8 ] +[ 9 ] +[ 10 ] +[ 11 ] +[ 12 ] +[ 13 ] +[ 14 ] +[ 15 ] +[ 16 ] +[ next ] +

+ +
+ +

+The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ +

+ +
+version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008
+
+Authors are listed at Debian FAQ Authors
+
+
+
+ + + + + -- cgit v1.2.3