From 5841e79b1fddb4e7aa340328a4df587398317d06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Baumann Date: Mon, 16 Nov 2009 12:40:43 +0100 Subject: Dropping etch support. --- .../etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html | 636 --------------------- 1 file changed, 636 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html (limited to 'includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html') diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html b/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html deleted file mode 100644 index 33cc9f08e..000000000 --- a/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.en.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,636 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - -The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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- -
- -

-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ -
Chapter 9 - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date -

- -
- -

-A Debian goal is to provide a consistent upgrade path and a secure upgrade -process. We always do our best to make upgrading to new releases a smooth -procedure. In case there's some important note to add to the upgrade process, -the packages will alert the user, and often provide a solution to a possible -problem. -

- -

-You should also read the Release Notes document that describes the details of -specific upgrades. It is shipped on all Debian CDs and available on the WWW at -http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes. -

- -
- -

9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?

- -

-One could simply execute an anonymous ftp call to a Debian archive, then peruse -the directories until one finds the desired file, and then fetch it, and -finally install it using dpkg. Note that dpkg will -install upgrade files in place, even on a running system. Sometimes, a revised -package will require the installation of a newly revised version of another -package, in which case the installation will fail until/unless the other -package is installed. -

- -

-Many people find this approach much too time-consuming, since Debian evolves so -quickly -- typically, a dozen or more new packages are uploaded every week. -This number is larger just before a new major release. To deal with this -avalanche, many people prefer to use a more automated method. Several -different packages are available for this purpose: -

- -
- -

9.1.1 aptitude

- -

-APT is an advanced interface to the Debian packaging system. It features -complete installation ordering, multiple source capability and several other -unique features, see the User's Guide in -/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/guide.html/index.html (you will have to -install the apt-doc package). -

- -

-aptitude is the recommended package manager for Debian GNU/Linux -systems. It is a text-based interface to APT using the curses library, and can -be used to perform management tasks in a fast and easy way. -

- -

-Before you can use aptitude, you'll have to edit the -/etc/apt/sources.list file to set it up. If you wish to upgrade -to the latest stable version of Debian, you'll probably want to use a source -like this one: -

- -
-     http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
-
- -

-You can replace ftp.us.debian.org with the name of a faster Debian mirror near -you. See the mirror list at http://www.debian.org/mirror/list -for more information. -

- -

-More details on this can be found in the sources.list(8) manual -page. -

- -

-To update your system, run -

- -
-     aptitude update
-
- -

-followed by -

- -
-     aptitude dist-upgrade
-
- -

-Answer any questions that might come up, and your system will be upgraded. See -also aptitude, Section 8.1.3. -

- -
- -

9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom

- -

-apt-get is an APT-based command-line tool for handling packages, -and the APT dselect method is an interface to APT through dselect. -Both of these provide a simple, safe way to install and upgrade packages. -

- -

-To use apt-get, install the apt package, and edit the -/etc/apt/sources.list file to set it up, just as for aptitude, Section 9.1.1. -

- -

-Then run -

- -
-     apt-get update
-
- -

-followed by -

- -
-     apt-get dist-upgrade
-
- -

-Answer any questions that might come up, and your system will be upgraded. See -also the apt-get(8) manual page, as well as APT, Section 8.1.2. -

- -

-To use APT with dselect, choose the APT access method in dselect's -method selection screen (option 0) and then specify the sources that should be -used. The configuration file is /etc/apt/sources.list. See also -dselect, Section 8.1.6.1. -

- -

-If you want to use CDs to install packages, you can use apt-cdrom. -For details, please see the Release Notes, section "Setting up for an -upgrade from a local mirror". -

- -

-Please note that when you get and install the packages, you'll still have them -kept in your /var directory hierarchy. To keep your partition from -overflowing, remember to delete extra files using apt-get clean -and apt-get autoclean, or to move them someplace else (hint: use -apt-move). -

- -
- -

9.1.3 aptitude

- -

-aptitude is a text-based interface to the Debian package system. -It allows the user to view the list of packages and to perform package -management tasks such as installing, upgrading, and removing packages (see aptitude, Section 8.1.3). Actions -may be performed from a visual interface or from the command-line. -

- -

-In command line, the actions are similar to that of APT, so to upgrade your -system run -

- -
-     aptitude update
-
- -

-followed by -

- -
-     aptitude dist-upgrade
-
- -

-To upgrade from a preview release, aptitude is the tool -recommended. Read the Release Notes at http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes. -

- -

-For details, see the manual page aptitude(8), and the file -/usr/share/aptitude/README -

- -
- -

9.1.4 mirror

- -

-This Perl script, and its (optional) manager program called -mirror-master, can be used to fetch user-specified parts of a -directory tree from a specified host via anonymous FTP. -

- -

-mirror is particularly useful for downloading large volumes of -software. After the first time files have been downloaded from a site, a file -called .mirrorinfo is stored on the local host. Changes to the -remote file system are tracked automatically by mirror, which -compares this file to a similar file on the remote system and downloads only -changed files. -

- -

-The mirror program is generally useful for updating local copies -of remote directory trees. The files fetched need not be Debian files. (Since -mirror is a Perl script, it can also run on non-Unix systems.) -Though the mirror program provides mechanisms for excluding files -names of which match user-specified strings, this program is most useful when -the objective is to download whole directory trees, rather than selected -packages. -

- -
- -

9.1.5 dpkg-mountable

- -

-dpkg-mountable adds an access method called `mountable' to dselect's list, -which allows you to install from any file system specified in /etc/fstab. For -example, the archive could be a normal hard disk partition or an NFS server, -which it will automatically mount and umount for you if necessary. -

- -

-It also has some extra features not found in the standard dselect methods, such -as provision for a local file tree (either parallel to the main distribution or -totally separate), and only getting packages which are required, rather than -the time-consuming recursive directory scan, as well as logging of all dpkg -actions in the install method. -

- -
- -

9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?

- -

-No. Packages can be upgraded in place, even in running systems. Debian has a -start-stop-daemon program that is invoked to stop, then restart -running process if necessary during a package upgrade. -

- -
- -

9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?

- -

-No. If you have downloaded the files to your disk then after you have -installed the packages, you can remove them from your system, e.g. by running -aptitude clean. -

- -
- -

9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!

- -

-Passing the --log-option to dpkg makes -dpkg log status change updates and actions. It logs both the -dpkg-invokation (e.g. -

- -
-     2005-12-30 18:10:33 install hello 1.3.18 2.1.1-4
-
- -

-) and the results (e.g. -

- -
-     2005-12-30 18:10:35 status installed hello 2.1.1-4
-
- -

-) If you'd like to log all your dpkg invokations (even those done -using frontends like aptitude), you could add -

- -
-     log /var/log/dpkg.log
-
- -

-to your /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg. Be sure the created logfile gets -rotated periodically. If you're using logrotate, this can be -achieved by creating a file /etc/logrotate.d/dpkg with contents -

- -
-     /var/log/dpkg {
-       missingok
-       notifempty
-     }
-
- -

-More details on dpkg logging can be found in the -dpkg(1) manual page. -

- -

-aptitude logs the package installations, removals, and upgrades -that it intends to perform to /var/log/aptitude. Note that the -results of those actions are not recorded in this file! -

- -

-Another way to record your actions is to run your package management session -within the script(1) program. -

- -
- -

9.5 Can I automatically update the system?

- -

-Yes. You can use cron-apt, this tool updates the system at -regular interval by using a cron job. By default it just updates the package -list and download new packages without installing. -

- -

-Note: Automatic upgrade of packages is NOT recommended in -testing or unstable systems as this might bring unexpected -behaviour and remove packages without notice. -

- -
- -

9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?

- -

-If you have more than one Debian machine on your network, it is useful to use -apt-proxy to keep all of your Debian systems up-to-date. -

- -

-apt-proxy reduces the bandwidth requirements of Debian mirrors by -restricting the frequency of Packages, Releases and Sources file updates from -the back end and only doing a single fetch for any file, independently of the -actual request it from the proxy. apt-proxy automatically builds -a Debian HTTP mirror based on requests which pass through the proxy. -

- -

-For more details, see the apt-proxy homepage at http://apt-proxy.sourceforge.net/ -

- -

-Of course, you can get the same benefit if you are already using a standard -caching proxy and all your systems are configured to use it. -

- -
- -

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- -
- -

-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ -

- -
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008
-
-Authors are listed at Debian FAQ Authors
-
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-
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