From c5c3f6133a0fb62ba9c2c3b839e6ea5774f9c76a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Baumann Date: Sun, 26 Sep 2010 12:38:38 +0200 Subject: Adding debian version 3.0~a1-1. --- .../lenny/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-pkgtools.en.html | 1199 -------------------- 1 file changed, 1199 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 includes/lenny/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-pkgtools.en.html (limited to 'includes/lenny/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-pkgtools.en.html') diff --git a/includes/lenny/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-pkgtools.en.html b/includes/lenny/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-pkgtools.en.html deleted file mode 100644 index 391e6560f..000000000 --- a/includes/lenny/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-pkgtools.en.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1199 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - -The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - The Debian package management tools - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ -
Chapter 8 - The Debian package management tools -

- -
- -

8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?

- -

-There are multiple tools that are used to manage Debian packages, from graphic -or text-based interfaces to the low level tools used to install packages. All -the available tools rely on the lower level tools to properly work and are -presented here in decreasing complexity level. -

- -

-It is important to understand that the higher level package management tools -such as aptitude or dselect rely on apt -which, itself, relies on dpkg to manage the packages in the -system. -

- -

-See the APT -HOWTO for more information about the Debian package management -utilities. This document is available in various languages and formats, see -the APT HOWTO -entry on the DDP Users' Manuals overview. -

- -
- -

8.1.1 dpkg

- -

-This is the main package management program. dpkg can be invoked -with many options. Some common uses are: -

- - - - - - - - - - -
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8.1.2 APT

- -

-APT is the Advanced Package Tool and provides the apt-get -program. apt-get provides a simple way to retrieve and install -packages from multiple sources using the command line. Unlike -dpkg, apt-get does not understand .deb files, it -works with the packages proper name and can only install .deb archives from a -source specified in /etc/apt/sources.list. apt-get -will call dpkg directly after downloading the .deb archives[5] from the configured sources. -

- -

-Some common ways to use apt-get are: -

- - - - - - - -

-Note that you must be logged in as root to perform any commands that modify the -system packages. -

- -

-The apt tool suite also includes the apt-cache tool to query the -package lists. You can use it to find packages providing specific -functionality through simple text or regular expression queries and through -queries of dependencies in the package management system. Some common ways to -use apt-cache are: -

- - - - - -

-For more information, install the apt package and read -apt-get(8), sources.list(5) and install the -apt-doc package and read -/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/guide.html/index.html. -

- -
- -

8.1.3 aptitude

- -

-aptitude is a package manager for Debian GNU/Linux systems that -provides a frontend to the apt package management infrastructure. -aptitude is a text-based interface using the curses library, it -can be used to perform management tasks in a fast and easy way. -

- -

-aptitude provides the functionality of dselect and -apt-get, as well as many additional features not found in either -program: -

- - - - - - - - - -

-You can use aptitude through a visual interface (simply run -aptitude) or directly from the command line. The command line -syntax used is very similar to the one used in apt-get. For -example, to install the foo package, you can run aptitude -install foo. -

- -

-Note that aptitude is the preferred program for package management -from console both for package installations and package or system upgrades. -

- -

-For more informations, read the manual page aptitude(8) and -install the aptitude-doc package. -

- -
- -

8.1.4 synaptic

- -

-synaptic is a graphical package manager. It enables you to -install, upgrade and remove software packages in a user friendly way. Next to -all features offered by aptitude, it also has a feature for editing the list of -used repositories, and supports browsing all available documentation related to -a package. See the Synaptic -Website for more information. -

- -
- -

8.1.5 tasksel

- -

-When you want to perform a specific task it might be difficult to find the -appropiate suite of packages that fill your need. The Debian developers have -defined tasks, a task is a collection of several individual Debian -packages all related to a specific activity. Tasks can be installed through -the tasksel program or through aptitude. -

- -

-The Debian installer will typically install automaticaly the task associated -with a standard system and a desktop environment. The specific desktop -environment installed will depend on the CD/DVD media used, most commonly it -will be the GNOME desktop (gnome-desktop task). Also, depending -on your selections throughout the installation process, tasks might be -automatically installed in your system. For example, if you selected a -language, the task associated with it will be installed automatically too and -if you are running in a laptop system the installer recognises the -laptop task will be installed too. -

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8.1.6 Other package management tools

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- -

8.1.6.1 dselect

- -

-This program is a menu-driven interface to the Debian package management -system. For woody and earlier releases, this was the main package management -interface for for first-time installations, but currently users are encouraged -to use aptitude instead. Some users might feel more comfortable -using aptitude and it is also recommended over -dselect for large-scale upgrades. For more information on -aptitude please see aptitude, Section -8.1.3. -

- -

-dselect can: -

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-dselect begins by presenting the user with a menu of 7 items, each -of which is a specific action. The user can select one of the actions by using -the arrow keys to move the highlighter bar, then pressing the -<enter> key to select the highlighted action. -

- -

-What the user sees next depends on the action he selected. If he selects any -option but Access or Select, then -dselect will simply proceed to execute the specified action: e.g., -if the user selected the action Remove, then dselect would proceed -to remove all of the files selected for removal when the user last chose the -Select action. -

- -

-Both the Access menu item and the Select menu item -lead to additional menus. In both cases, the menus are presented as split -screens; the top screen gives a scrollable list of choices, while the bottom -screen gives a brief explanation ("info") for each choice. -

- -

-Extensive on-line help is available, use the '?' key to get to a help screen -at any time. -

- -

-The order in which the actions are presented in the first dselect -menu represents the order in which a user would normally choose -dselect to install packages. However, a user can pick any of the -main menu choices as often as needed (including not at all, depending on what -one wants to do). -

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8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb

- -

-This program manipulates Debian archive(.deb) files. Some common -uses are: -

- - - - - -

-Note that any packages that were merely unpacked using dpkg-deb ---extract will be incorrectly installed, you should use dpkg ---install instead. -

- -

-More information is given in the manual page dpkg-deb(1). -

- -
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8.1.6.3 dpkg-split

- -

-This program splits large package into smaller files (e.g., for writing onto a -set of floppy disks), and can also be used to merge a set of split files back -into a single file. It can only be used on a Debian system (i.e. a system -containing the dpkg package), since it calls the program -dpkg-deb to parse the debian package file into its component -records. -

- -

-For example, to split a big .deb file into N parts, -

- - - - - -
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8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?

- -

-The kernel (file system) in Debian GNU/Linux systems supports replacing files -even while they're being used. -

- -

-We also provide a program called start-stop-daemon which is used -to start daemons at boot time or to stop daemons when the runlevel is changed -(e.g., from multi-user to single-user or to halt). The same program is used by -installation scripts when a new package containing a daemon is installed, to -stop running daemons, and restart them as necessary. -

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8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?

- -

-To learn the status of all the packages installed on a Debian system, execute -the command -

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-     dpkg --list
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- -

-This prints out a one-line summary for each package, giving a 2-letter status -symbol (explained in the header), the package name, the version which is -installed, and a brief description. -

- -

-To learn the status of packages whose names match the string any pattern -beginning with "foo" by executing the command: -

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-     dpkg --list 'foo*'
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- -

-To get a more verbose report for a particular package, execute the command: -

- -
-     dpkg --status packagename
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- -
- -

8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?

- -

-To list all the files provided by the installed package foo -execute the command -

- -
-     dpkg --listfiles foo
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- -

-Note that the files created by the installation scripts aren't displayed. -

- -
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8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?

- -

-To identify the package that produced the file named foo execute -either: -

- - - - -
- -

8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?

- -

-Some packages are split in program (`foo') and data (`foo-data') (or in `foo' -and `foo-doc'). This is true for many games, multimedia applications and -dictionaries in Debian and has been introduced since some users might want to -access the raw data without installing the program or because the program can -be run without the data itself, making it optional. -

- -

-Similar situations occur when dealing with libraries: generally these get -installed since packages containing applications depend on them. When the -application-package is purged, the library-package might stay on the system. -Or: when the application-package no longer depends upon e.g. libdb4.2, but -upon libdb4.3, the libdb4.2 package might stay when the application-package is -upgraded. -

- -

-In these cases, `foo-data' doesn't depend on `foo', so when you remove the -`foo' package it will not get automatically removed by most package management -tools. The same holds true for the library packages. This is necessary to -avoid circular dependencies. If you use aptitude (see aptitude, Section 8.1.3) as your package management tool -it will, however, track automatically installed packages and remove them when -no packages remain that need them in your system. -

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-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ -

- -
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008
-
-Authors are listed at Debian FAQ Authors
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