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authorRene Mayrhofer <rene@mayrhofer.eu.org>2010-11-28 12:11:49 +0000
committerRene Mayrhofer <rene@mayrhofer.eu.org>2010-11-28 12:11:49 +0000
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-.TH IPSEC.SECRETS 5 "2010-05-30" "4.4.1rc3" "strongSwan"
-.SH NAME
-ipsec.secrets \- secrets for IKE/IPsec authentication
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The file \fIipsec.secrets\fP holds a table of secrets.
-These secrets are used by the strongSwan Internet Key Exchange (IKE) daemons
-pluto (IKEv1) and charon (IKEv2) to authenticate other hosts.
-.LP
-It is vital that these secrets be protected. The file should be owned
-by the super-user,
-and its permissions should be set to block all access by others.
-.LP
-The file is a sequence of entries and include directives.
-Here is an example.
-.LP
-.RS
-.nf
-# /etc/ipsec.secrets - strongSwan IPsec secrets file
-192.168.0.1 %any : PSK "v+NkxY9LLZvwj4qCC2o/gGrWDF2d21jL"
-
-: RSA moonKey.pem
-
-alice@strongswan.org : EAP "x3.dEhgN"
-
-: XAUTH carol "4iChxLT3"
-
-: XAUTH dave "ryftzG4A"
-
-# get secrets from other files
-include ipsec.*.secrets
-.fi
-.RE
-.LP
-Each entry in the file is a list of optional ID selectors, followed by a secret.
-The two parts are separated by a colon (\fB:\fP) that is surrounded
-by whitespace. If no ID selectors are specified the line must start with a
-colon.
-.LP
-A selector is an IP address, a Fully Qualified Domain Name, user@FQDN,
-\fB%any\fP or \fB%any6\fP (other kinds may come). An IP address may be written
-in the familiar dotted quad form or as a domain name to be looked up
-when the file is loaded.
-In many cases it is a bad idea to use domain names because
-the name server may not be running or may be insecure. To denote a
-Fully Qualified Domain Name (as opposed to an IP address denoted by
-its domain name), precede the name with an at sign (\fB@\fP).
-.LP
-Matching IDs with selectors is fairly straightforward: they have to be
-equal. In the case of a ``Road Warrior'' connection, if an equal
-match is not found for the Peer's ID, and it is in the form of an IP
-address, a selector of \fB%any\fP will match the peer's IP address if IPV4
-and \fB%any6\fP will match a the peer's IP address if IPV6.
-Currently, the obsolete notation \fB0.0.0.0\fP may be used in place of
-\fB%any\fP.
-.LP
-In IKEv1 an additional complexity
-arises in the case of authentication by preshared secret: the
-responder will need to look up the secret before the Peer's ID payload has
-been decoded, so the ID used will be the IP address.
-.LP
-To authenticate a connection between two hosts, the entry that most
-specifically matches the host and peer IDs is used. An entry with no
-selectors will match any host and peer. More specifically, an entry with one
-selector will match a host and peer if the selector matches the host's ID (the
-peer isn't considered). Still more specifically, an entry with multiple
-selectors will match a host and peer if the host ID and peer ID each match one
-of the selectors. If the key is for an asymmetric authentication technique
-(i.e. a public key system such as RSA), an entry with multiple selectors will
-match a host and peer even if only the host ID matches a selector (it is
-presumed that the selectors are all identities of the host).
-It is acceptable for two entries to be the best match as
-long as they agree about the secret or private key.
-.LP
-Authentication by preshared secret requires that both systems find the
-identical secret (the secret is not actually transmitted by the IKE
-protocol). If both the host and peer appear in the selector list, the
-same entry will be suitable for both systems so verbatim copying
-between systems can be used. This naturally extends to larger groups
-sharing the same secret. Thus multiple-selector entries are best for PSK
-authentication.
-.LP
-Authentication by public key systems such as RSA requires that each host
-have its own private key. A host could reasonably use a different private keys
-for different interfaces and for different peers. But it would not
-be normal to share entries between systems. Thus thus no-selector and
-one-selector forms of entry often make sense for public key authentication.
-.LP
-The key part of an entry must start with a token indicating the kind of
-key. The following types of secrets are currently supported:
-.TP
-.B PSK
-defines a pre-shared key
-.TP
-.B RSA
-defines an RSA private key
-.TP
-.B ECDSA
-defines an ECDSA private key
-.TP
-.B EAP
-defines EAP credentials
-.TP
-.B XAUTH
-defines XAUTH credentials
-.TP
-.B PIN
-defines a smartcard PIN
-.LP
-Details on each type of secret are given below.
-.LP
-Whitespace at the end of a line is ignored. At the start of a line or
-after whitespace, \fB#\fP and the following text up to the end of the
-line is treated as a comment.
-.LP
-An include directive causes the contents of the named file to be processed
-before continuing with the current file. The filename is subject to
-``globbing'' as in \fIsh\fP(1), so every file with a matching name
-is processed. Includes may be nested to a modest
-depth (10, currently). If the filename doesn't start with a \fB/\fP, the
-directory containing the current file is prepended to the name. The
-include directive is a line that starts with the word \fBinclude\fP,
-followed by whitespace, followed by the filename (which must not contain
-whitespace).
-.SS TYPES OF SECRETS
-.TP
-.B [ <selectors> ] : PSK <secret>
-A preshared secret is most conveniently represented as a sequence of
-characters, delimited by double-quote characters (\fB"\fP).
-The sequence cannot contain a newline or double-quote.
-Strictly speaking, the secret is actually the sequence
-of bytes that is used in the file to represent the sequence of
-characters (excluding the delimiters).
-.TP
-.B [ <selectors> ] : RSA <private key file> [ <passphrase> | %prompt ]
-.TQ
-.B [ <selectors> ] : ECDSA <private key file> [ <passphrase> | %prompt ]
-For the private key file both absolute paths or paths relative to
-\fI/etc/ipsec.d/private\fP are accepted. If the private key file is
-encrypted, the \fIpassphrase\fP must be defined. Instead of a passphrase
-.B %prompt
-can be used which then causes the daemons to ask the user for the password
-whenever it is required to decrypt the key.
-.TP
-.B <user id> : EAP <secret>
-As with \fBPSK\fP secrets the \fIsecret\fP is a sequence of characters,
-delimited by double-quote characters (\fB"\fP).
-.br
-\fBEAP\fP secrets are IKEv2 only.
-.TP
-.B : XAUTH <username> <password>
-\fBXAUTH\fP secrets are IKEv1 only.
-.TP
-.B : PIN <smartcard selector> <pin code> | %prompt
-The format
-.B "%smartcard[<slot nr>[:<key id>]]"
-is used to specify the smartcard selector (e.g. %smartcard1:50). For IKEv1,
-instead of specifying the pin code statically,
-.B %prompt
-can be specified, which causes the pluto daemon to ask the user for the pin
-code.
-.LP
-
-.SH FILES
-/etc/ipsec.secrets
-.SH SEE ALSO
-\fIipsec.conf\fP(5),
-\fIipsec\fP(8)
-.br
-.SH HISTORY
-Originally written for the FreeS/WAN project by D. Hugh Redelmeier.
-Updated and extended for the strongSwan project <http://www.strongswan.org> by
-Tobias Brunner and Andreas Steffen.
-.SH BUGS
-If an ID is \fB0.0.0.0\fP, it will match \fB%any\fP;
-if it is \fB0::0\fP, it will match \fB%any6\fP.