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diff --git a/docs/network-interfaces.rst b/docs/network-interfaces.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 0214ee1e..00000000 --- a/docs/network-interfaces.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,807 +0,0 @@ -.. _network-interfaces: - -Network Interfaces -================== - -Configured interfaces on a VyOS system can be displayed using the `show -interfaces` command. - -.. code-block:: sh - - vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces - Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down - Interface IP Address S/L Description - --------- ---------- --- ----------- - eth0 172.16.51.129/24 u/u OUTSIDE - eth1 192.168.0.1/24 u/u INSIDE - lo 127.0.0.1/8 u/u - ::1/128 - vyos@vyos:~$ - -A specific interface can be shown using the `show interfaces <type> <name>` -command. - -.. code-block:: sh - - vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces ethernet eth0 - eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 - link/ether 00:0c:29:44:3b:0f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff - inet 172.16.51.129/24 brd 172.16.51.255 scope global eth0 - inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe44:3b0f/64 scope link - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - Description: OUTSIDE - - RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast - 274397 3064 0 0 0 0 - TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collisions - 257276 1890 0 0 0 0 - vyos@vyos:~$ - -Different network interfaces provide type-specific configuration. Ethernet -interfaces, for example, allow the configuration of speed and duplex. - -Many services, such as network routing, firewall, and traffic policy also -maintain interface-specific configuration. These will be covered in their -respective sections. - -Interface Addresses -------------------- - -Each interface can be configured with a description and address. Interface -addresses might be: - -* Static IPv4 `address 172.16.51.129/24` -* Static IPv6 `address 2001:db8:1::ffff/64` -* DHCP IPv4 `address dhcp` -* DHCP IPv6 `address dhcpv6` - -An interface description is assigned using the following command: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth0 description 'OUTSIDE' - -IPv4 -^^^^ - -Static Address -************** - -This method is supported on all interfaces, apart from OpenVPN that uses -different syntax and wireless modems that are always autoconfigured through -PPP. - -The command is `set interfaces $type $name address $address`. Examples: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth0 address 192.0.2.1/24 - set interfaces tunnel tun0 address 10.0.0.1/30 - set interfaces bridge br0 address 203.0.113.45/26 - set interfaces ethernet eth0 vif 30 address 192.0.30.254/24 - -DHCP -**** - -This method is supported on all physical interfaces, and those that are -directly connected to a physical interface (ethernet, VLAN, bridge, bond, -pseudo-ethernet, wireless). - -The command is `set interfaces $type $name address dhcp`. Examples: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth0 vif 90 address dhcp - set interfaces bridge br0 address dhcp - -IPv6 -^^^^ - -Static Address -************** - -This method is supported on all interfaces, apart from OpenVPN that uses -different syntax and wireless modems that are always autoconfigured through -PPP. Static IPv6 addresses are supported on all interfaces except VTI. - -The command is `set interfaces $type $name address $address`. Examples: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth0 address 2001:db8:100::ffff/64 - set interfaces tunnel tun0 address 2001:db8::1/64 - set interfaces bridge br0 address 2001:db8:200::1/64 - set interfaces ethernet eth0 vif 30 address 2001:db8:3::ffff/64 - -DHCP -**** - -This method is supported on all physical interfaces, and those that are -directly connected to a physical interface (ethernet, VLAN, bridge, bond, -pseudo-ethernet, wireless). - -The command is `set interfaces $type $name address dhcpv6`. Examples: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces bonding bond1 address dhcpv6 - set interfaces bridge br0 vif 56 address dhcpv6 - -Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) -************************* - -SLAAC is specified in RFC4862_. This method is supported on all physical -interfaces, and those that are directly connected to a physical interface -(ethernet, VLAN, bridge, bond, pseudo-ethernet, wireless). - -The command is `set interfaces $type $name ipv6 address autoconf`. Examples: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth0 vif 90 ipv6 address autoconf - set interfaces bridge br0 ipv6 address autoconf - -.. note:: This method automatically disables IPv6 traffic forwarding on the - interface in question. - -EUI-64 -****** - -EUI-64 (64-Bit Extended Unique Identifier) as specified in RFC4291_. IPv6 -addresses in /64 networks can be automatically generated from the prefix and -MAC address, if you specify the prefix. - -The command is `set interfaces $type $name ipv6 address eui64 $prefix`. Examples: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces bridge br0 ipv6 address eui64 2001:db8:beef::/64 - set interfaces pseudo-ethernet peth0 ipv6 address eui64 2001:db8:aa::/64 - -Ethernet Interfaces -------------------- - -Ethernet interfaces allow for the configuration of speed, duplex, and hw-id -(MAC address). Below is an example configuration: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth1 address '192.168.0.1/24' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 address '2001:db8:1::ffff/64' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 description 'INSIDE' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 duplex 'auto' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 speed 'auto' - -Resulting in: - -.. code-block:: sh - - ethernet eth1 { - address 192.168.0.1/24 - address 2001:db8:1::ffff/64 - description INSIDE - duplex auto - hw-id 00:0c:29:44:3b:19 - smp_affinity auto - speed auto - } - -In addition, Ethernet interfaces provide the extended operational commands -`show interfaces ethernet <name> physical` and `show interfaces ethernet <name> -statistics`. Statistics available are driver dependent. - -.. code-block:: sh - - vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces ethernet eth0 physical - Settings for eth0: - Supported ports: [ TP ] - Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full - 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full - 1000baseT/Full - Supports auto-negotiation: Yes - Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full - 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full - 1000baseT/Full - Advertised pause frame use: No - Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes - Speed: 1000Mb/s - Duplex: Full - Port: Twisted Pair - PHYAD: 0 - Transceiver: internal - Auto-negotiation: on - MDI-X: Unknown - Supports Wake-on: d - Wake-on: d - Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) - Link detected: yes - driver: e1000 - version: 7.3.21-k8-NAPI - firmware-version: - bus-info: 0000:02:01.0 - - vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces ethernet eth0 statistics - NIC statistics: - rx_packets: 3530 - tx_packets: 2179 - [...] - -Wireless Interfaces -------------------- -Wireless, for example WiFi 802.11 b/g/n, interfaces allow for connection to -WiFi networks or act as an access-point. -If your device is configurable it will appear as `wlan` in `show interfaces`. - -To be able to use the wireless interfaces you will first need to set a -regulatory domain with the country code of your locaion. - -.. code-block:: sh - - set system wifi-regulatory-domain SE - -An example on how to set it up as an access point: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces wireless wlan0 address '192.168.99.1/24' - set interfaces wireless wlan0 type access-point - set interfaces wireless wlan0 channel 1 - set interfaces wireless wlan0 ssid '<your ssid>' - set interfaces wireless wlan0 security wpa mode wpa2 - set interfaces wireless wlan0 security wpa cipher CCMP - set interfaces wireless wlan0 security wpa passphrase '<your passphrase>' - -Resulting in - -.. code-block:: sh - - interfaces { - [...] - wireless wlan0 { - address 192.168.99.1/24 - channel 1 - mode g - security { - wpa { - cipher CCMP - mode wpa2 - passphrase "<your passphrase>" - } - } - ssid "<your ssid>" - type access-point - } - } - system { - [...] - wifi-regulatory-domain SE - } - -To get it to work as a access point with this configuration you will need -to set up a DHCP server to work with that network. - - -VLAN Sub-Interfaces (802.1Q) ----------------------------- - -802.1Q VLAN interfaces are represented as virtual sub-interfaces in VyOS. The -term used for this is `vif`. Configuration of a tagged sub-interface is -accomplished using the configuration command `set interfaces ethernet <name> -vif <vlan-id>`. - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth1 vif 100 description 'VLAN 100' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 vif 100 address '192.168.100.1/24' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 vif 100 address '2001:db8:100::1/64' - -Resulting in: - -.. code-block:: sh - - ethernet eth1 { - address 192.168.100.1/24 - address 2001:db8:100::1/64 - description INSIDE - duplex auto - hw-id 00:0c:29:44:3b:19 - smp_affinity auto - speed auto - vif 100 { - address 192.168.100.1/24 - description "VLAN 100" - } - } - -VLAN interfaces are shown as `<name>.<vlan-id>`, e.g. `eth1.100`: - -.. code-block:: sh - - vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces - Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down - Interface IP Address S/L Description - --------- ---------- --- ----------- - eth0 172.16.51.129/24 u/u OUTSIDE - eth1 192.168.0.1/24 u/u INSIDE - eth1.100 192.168.100.1/24 u/u VLAN 100 - lo 127.0.0.1/8 u/u - ::1/128 - -Bridging --------- - -Interfaces in VyOS can be bridged together to provide software switching of -Layer-2 traffic. - -A bridge is created when a bridge interface is defined. In the example below -we will be creating a bridge for VLAN 100 and assigning a VIF to the bridge. - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces bridge 'br100' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 vif 100 bridge-group bridge br100 - -Interfaces assigned to a bridge-group do not have address configuration. An IP -address can be assigned to the bridge interface itself, however, like any -normal interface. - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces bridge br100 address '192.168.100.1/24' - set interfaces bridge br100 address '2001:db8:100::1/64' - -Example Result: - -.. code-block:: sh - - bridge br100 { - address 192.168.100.1/24 - address 2001:db8:100::1/64 - } - [...] - ethernet eth1 { - [...] - vif 100 { - bridge-group { - bridge br100 - } - } - } - -In addition to normal IP interface configuration, bridge interfaces support -Spanning-Tree Protocol. STP is disabled by default. - -.. note:: Please use caution when introducing spanning-tree protocol on a - network as it may result in topology changes. - -To enable spanning-tree use the `set interfaces bridge <name> stp true` command: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces bridge br100 stp true - -STP `priority`, `forwarding-delay`, `hello-time`, and `max-age` can be -configured for the bridge-group. The MAC aging time can also be configured -using the `aging` directive. - -For member interfaces, the bridge-group `priority` and `cost` can be configured. - -The `show bridge` operational command can be used to display configured bridges: - -.. code-block:: sh - - vyos@vyos:~$ show bridge - bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces - br100 0000.000c29443b19 yes eth1.100 - -If spanning-tree is enabled, the `show bridge <name> spanning-tree` command -can be used to show STP configuration: - -.. code-block:: sh - - vyos@vyos:~$ show bridge br100 spanning-tree - br100 - bridge id 0000.000c29443b19 - designated root 0000.000c29443b19 - root port 0 path cost 0 - max age 20.00 bridge max age 20.00 - hello time 2.00 bridge hello time 2.00 - forward delay 15.00 bridge forward delay 15.00 - ageing time 300.00 - hello timer 0.47 tcn timer 0.00 - topology change timer 0.00 gc timer 64.63 - flags - - eth1.100 (1) - port id 8001 state forwarding - designated root 0000.000c29443b19 path cost 4 - designated bridge 0000.000c29443b19 message age timer 0.00 - designated port 8001 forward delay timer 0.00 - designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00 - flags - -The MAC address-table for a bridge can be displayed using the `show bridge -<name> macs` command: - -.. code-block:: sh - - vyos@vyos:~$ show bridge br100 macs - port no mac addr is local? ageing timer - 1 00:0c:29:44:3b:19 yes 0.00 - -Bonding -------- - -You can combine (aggregate) 2 or more physical interfaces into a single -logical one. It's called bonding, or LAG, or ether-channel, or port-channel. - -Create interface bondX, where X is just a number: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces bonding bond0 description 'my-sw1 int 23 and 24' - -You are able to choose a hash policy: - -.. code-block:: sh - - vyos@vyos# set interfaces bonding bond0 hash-policy - Possible completions: - layer2 use MAC addresses to generate the hash (802.3ad) - layer2+3 combine MAC address and IP address to make hash - layer3+4 combine IP address and port to make hash - -For example: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces bonding bond0 hash-policy 'layer2' - -You may want to set IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation (802.3ad) AKA LACP -(don't forget to setup it on the other end of these links): - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces bonding bond0 mode '802.3ad' - -or some other modes: - -.. code-block:: sh - - vyos@vyos# set interfaces bonding bond0 mode - Possible completions: - 802.3ad IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation (Default) - active-backup - Fault tolerant: only one slave in the bond is active - broadcast Fault tolerant: transmits everything on all slave interfaces - round-robin Load balance: transmit packets in sequential order - transmit-load-balance - Load balance: adapts based on transmit load and speed - adaptive-load-balance - Load balance: adapts based on transmit and receive plus ARP - xor-hash Load balance: distribute based on MAC address - -Now bond some physical interfaces into bond0: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth0 bond-group 'bond0' - set interfaces ethernet eth0 description 'member of bond0' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 bond-group 'bond0' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 description 'member of bond0' - -After a commit you may treat bond0 as almost a physical interface (you can't -change its` duplex, for example) and assign IPs or VIFs on it. - -You may check the result: - -.. code-block:: sh - - vyos@vyos# run sh interfaces bonding - Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down - Interface IP Address S/L Description - --------- ---------- --- ----------- - bond0 - u/u my-sw1 int 23 and 24 - bond0.10 192.168.0.1/24 u/u office-net - bond0.100 10.10.10.1/24 u/u management-net - -Tunnel Interfaces ------------------ - -Set Virtual Tunnel interface - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces vti vti0 address 192.168.2.249/30 - set interfaces vti vti0 address 2001:db8:2::249/64 - -Results in: - -.. code-block:: sh - - vyos@vyos# show interfaces vti - vti vti0 { - address 192.168.2.249/30 - address 2001:db8:2::249/64 - description "Description" - } - -VXLAN ------ - -VXLAN is an overlaying Ethernet over IP protocol. It is described in RFC7348_. - -If configuring VXLAN in a VyOS virtual machine, ensure that MAC spoofing -(Hyper-V) or Forged Transmits (ESX) are permitted, otherwise forwarded frames -may be blocked by the hypervisor. - -Multicast VXLAN -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -Example Topology: - -PC4 - Leaf2 - Spine1 - Leaf3 - PC5 - -PC4 has IP 10.0.0.4/24 and PC5 has IP 10.0.0.5/24, so they believe they are in -the same broadcast domain. - -Let's assume PC4 on Leaf2 wants to ping PC5 on Leaf3. Instead of setting Leaf3 -as our remote end manually, Leaf2 encapsulates the packet into a UDP-packet and -sends it to its designated multicast-address via Spine1. When Spine1 receives -this packet it forwards it to all other Leafs who has joined the same -multicast-group, in this case Leaf3. When Leaf3 receives the packet it forwards -it, while at the same time learning that PC4 is reachable behind Leaf2, because -the encapsulated packet had Leaf2's IP-address set as source IP. - -PC5 receives the ping echo, responds with an echo reply that Leaf3 receives and -this time forwards to Leaf2's unicast address directly because it learned the -location of PC4 above. When Leaf2 receives the echo reply from PC5 it sees that -it came from Leaf3 and so remembers that PC5 is reachable via Leaf3. - -Thanks to this discovery, any subsequent traffic between PC4 and PC5 will not -be using the multicast-address between the Leafs as they both know behind which -Leaf the PCs are connected. This saves traffic as less multicast packets sent -reduces the load on the network, which improves scalability when more Leafs are -added. - -For optimal scalability Multicast shouldn't be used at all, but instead use BGP -to signal all connected devices between leafs. Unfortunately, VyOS does not yet -support this. - -Configuration commands -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -.. code-block:: sh - - interfaces - vxlan <vxlan[0-16777215]> - address # IP address of the VXLAN interface - bridge-group # Configure a L2 bridge-group - description # Description - group <ipv4> # IPv4 Multicast group address (required) - ip # IPv4 routing options - ipv6 # IPv6 routing options - link <dev> # IP interface for underlay of this vxlan overlay (optional) - mtu # MTU - policy # Policy routing options - remote # Remote address of the VXLAN tunnel, used for PTP instead of multicast - vni <1-16777215> # Virtual Network Identifier (required) - -Configuration Example -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -The setup is this: - -Leaf2 - Spine1 - Leaf3 - -Spine1 is a Cisco IOS router running version 15.4, Leaf2 and Leaf3 is each a -VyOS router running 1.2. - -This topology was built using GNS3. - -Topology: - -.. code-block:: sh - - Spine1: - fa0/2 towards Leaf2, IP-address: 10.1.2.1/24 - fa0/3 towards Leaf3, IP-address: 10.1.3.1/24 - - Leaf2: - Eth0 towards Spine1, IP-address: 10.1.2.2/24 - Eth1 towards a vlan-aware switch - - Leaf3: - Eth0 towards Spine1, IP-address 10.1.3.3/24 - Eth1 towards a vlan-aware switch - -Spine1 Configuration: - -.. code-block:: sh - - conf t - ip multicast-routing - ! - interface fastethernet0/2 - ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 - ip pim sparse-dense-mode - ! - interface fastethernet0/3 - ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0 - ip pim sparse-dense-mode - ! - router ospf 1 - network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 - -Multicast-routing is required for the leafs to forward traffic between each -other in a more scalable way. This also requires PIM to be enabled towards the -Leafs so that the Spine can learn what multicast groups each Leaf expect traffic -from. - -Leaf2 configuration: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth0 address '10.1.2.2/24' - set protocols ospf area 0 network '10.0.0.0/8' - - ! Our first vxlan interface - set interfaces bridge br241 address '172.16.241.1/24' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 vif 241 bridge-group bridge 'br241' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 bridge-group bridge 'br241' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 group '239.0.0.241' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 link 'eth0' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 vni '241' - - ! Our seconds vxlan interface - set interfaces bridge br242 address '172.16.242.1/24' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 vif 242 bridge-group bridge 'br242' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 bridge-group bridge 'br242' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 group '239.0.0.242' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 link 'eth0' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 vni '242' - -Leaf3 configuration: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth0 address '10.1.3.3/24' - set protocols ospf area 0 network '10.0.0.0/8' - - ! Our first vxlan interface - set interfaces bridge br241 address '172.16.241.1/24' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 vif 241 bridge-group bridge 'br241' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 bridge-group bridge 'br241' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 group '239.0.0.241' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 link 'eth0' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 vni '241' - - ! Our seconds vxlan interface - set interfaces bridge br242 address '172.16.242.1/24' - set interfaces ethernet eth1 vif 242 bridge-group bridge 'br242' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 bridge-group bridge 'br242' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 group '239.0.0.242' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 link 'eth0' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 vni '242' - -As you can see, Leaf2 and Leaf3 configuration is almost identical. There are -lots of commands above, I'll try to into more detail below, command -descriptions are placed under the command boxes: - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces bridge br241 address '172.16.241.1/24' - -This commands creates a bridge that is used to bind traffic on eth1 vlan 241 -with the vxlan241-interface. The IP-address is not required. It may however be -used as a default gateway for each Leaf which allows devices on the vlan to -reach other subnets. This requires that the subnets are redistributed by OSPF -so that the Spine will learn how to reach it. To do this you need to change the -OSPF network from '10.0.0.0/8' to '0.0.0.0/0' to allow 172.16/12-networks to be -advertised. - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces ethernet eth1 vif 241 bridge-group bridge 'br241' - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 bridge-group bridge 'br241' - -Binds eth1 vif 241 and vxlan241 to each other by putting them in the same -bridge-group. Internal VyOS requirement. - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 group '239.0.0.241' - -The multicast-group used by all Leafs for this vlan extension. Has to be the -same on all Leafs that has this interface. - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 link 'eth0' - -Sets the interface to listen for multicast packets on. Could be a loopback, not -yet tested. - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 vni '241' - -Sets the unique id for this vxlan-interface. Not sure how it correlates with -multicast-address. - -.. code-block:: sh - - set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 remote-port 12345 - -The destination port used for creating a VXLAN interface in Linux defaults to -its pre-standard value of 8472 to preserve backwards compatibility. A -configuration directive to support a user-specified destination port to override -that behavior is available using the above command. - -Older Examples -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -Example for bridging normal L2 segment and vxlan overlay network, and using a -vxlan interface as routing interface. - -.. code-block:: sh - - interfaces { - bridge br0 { - } - ethernet eth0 { - address dhcp - } - loopback lo { - } - vxlan vxlan0 { - bridge-group { - bridge br0 - } - group 239.0.0.1 - vni 0 - } - vxlan vxlan1 { - address 192.168.0.1/24 - link eth0 - group 239.0.0.1 - vni 1 - } - } - -Here is a working configuration that creates a VXLAN between two routers. Each -router has a VLAN interface (26) facing the client devices and a VLAN interface -(30) that connects it to the other routers. With this configuration, traffic -can flow between both routers' VLAN 26, but can't escape since there is no L3 -gateway. You can add an IP to a bridge-group to create a gateway. - -.. code-block:: sh - - interfaces { - bridge br0 { - } - ethernet eth0 { - duplex auto - smp-affinity auto - speed auto - vif 26 { - bridge-group { - bridge br0 - } - } - vif 30 { - address 10.7.50.6/24 - } - } - loopback lo { - } - vxlan vxlan0 { - bridge-group { - bridge br0 - } - group 239.0.0.241 - vni 241 - } - } - -.. include:: interfaces/wireguard.rst |