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:lastproofread: 2022-08-24
.. _cloud-init:
###############
VyOS cloud-init
###############
Cloud and virtualized instances of VyOS are initialized using the
industry-standard cloud-init. Via cloud-init, the system performs tasks such as
injecting SSH keys and configuring the network. In addition, the user can supply
a custom configuration at the time of instance launch.
**************
Config Sources
**************
VyOS support three types of config sources.
* Metadata - Metadata is sourced by the cloud platform or hypervisor.
In some clouds, there is implemented as an HTTP endpoint at
http://169.254.169.254.
* Network configuration - This config source informs the system about the
network settings like IP addresses, routes, DNS. Available only in several
cloud and virtualization platforms.
* User-data - User-data is specified by the user. This config source offers the
ability to insert any CLI configuration commands into the configuration before
the first boot.
*********
User-data
*********
Major cloud providers offer a means of providing user-data at the time of
instance launch. It can be provided as plain text or as base64-encoded text,
depending on cloud provider. Also, it can be compressed using gzip, which makes
sense with a long configuration commands list, because of the hard limit to
~16384 bytes for the whole user-data.
The easiest way to configure the system via user-data is the Cloud-config syntax
described below.
********************
Cloud-config modules
********************
In VyOS, by default, enabled three modules:
* ``write_files`` - this module allows to insert any files into the filesystem
before the first boot, for example, pre-generated encryption keys,
certificates, or even a whole ``config.boot`` file.
* ``vyos_userdata`` - the module accepts a list of CLI configuration commands in
a ``vyos_config_commands`` section, which gives an easy way to configure the
system during deployment.
* ``vyos_install`` - this module allows to install VyOS without human intervention.
************************
cloud-config file format
************************
A cloud-config document is written in YAML. The file must begin
with ``#cloud-config`` line.
************************
Module vyos_userdata
************************
The key used to designate a VyOS configuration
is ``vyos_config_commands``. What follows is VyOS configuration using
the "set-style" syntax. Both "set" and "delete" commands are supported.
Commands requirements:
* one command per line
* if command ends in a value, it must be inside single quotes
* a single-quote symbol is not allowed inside command or value
The commands list produced by the ``show configuration commands`` command on a
VyOS router should comply with all the requirements, so it is easy to get a
proper commands list by copying it from another router.
The configuration specified in the cloud-config document overwrites default
configuration values and values configured via Metadata.
Here is an example cloud-config.
.. code-block:: yaml
#cloud-config
vyos_config_commands:
- set system host-name 'vyos-prod-ashburn'
- set system ntp server 1.pool.ntp.org
- set system ntp server 2.pool.ntp.org
- delete interfaces ethernet eth1 address 'dhcp'
- set interfaces ethernet eth1 address '192.0.2.247/24'
- set protocols static route 198.51.100.0/24 next-hop '192.0.2.1'
************************
Module vyos_install
************************
This module allows to install VyOS without human intervention.
It will be useful for the installation via a network like PXE or USB flash install.
After network boot or USB drive boot, this module runs automatic system installation with
predefined grub parameters.
The next possible option can be used.
.. code-block:: yaml
#cloud-config
vyos_install:
activated: true # true - enable installer, false - disable. Default: false
post_reboot: true # true - reboot after installation, false - do not reboot. Default: false
ci_disable: true # true - disable cloud-init after installation, false - do not disable. Default: false
boot_params:
console_type: serial # type of console: kvm, serial. Default: kvm
serial_console_num: 1 # serial console number. Default: 0
serial_console_speed: 115200 # serial console speed. Default: 9600
cmdline_extra: nosmt mitigations=off # add extra parameters for kernel cmdline
*************************
System Defaults/Fallbacks
*************************
These are the VyOS defaults and fallbacks.
* SSH is configured on port 22
* ``vyos``/``vyos`` credentials if no others specified by data source
* DHCP on first Ethernet interface if no network configuration is provided
All of these can be overridden using the configuration in user-data.
***************
Troubleshooting
***************
If you encounter problems, verify that the cloud-config document contains
valid YAML. Online resources such as https://www.yamllint.com/ provide a
simple tool for validating YAML.
cloud-init logs to /var/log/cloud-init.log. This file can be helpful in
determining why the configuration varies from what you expect. You can fetch the
most important data filtering output for ``vyos`` keyword:
.. code-block:: none
sudo grep vyos /var/log/cloud-init.log
|
