initial import from bash_3.1dfsg.orig.tar.gz

36 files changed, 6144 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/examples/loadables/Makefile.in b/examples/loadables/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6208f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+#
+# Simple makefile for the sample loadable builtins
+#
+# Copyright (C) 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.     
+
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+# any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
+
+# Include some boilerplate Gnu makefile definitions.
+prefix = @prefix@
+
+exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
+bindir = @bindir@
+libdir = @libdir@
+infodir = @infodir@
+includedir = @includedir@
+
+topdir = @top_srcdir@
+BUILD_DIR = @BUILD_DIR@
+srcdir = @srcdir@
+VPATH = .:@srcdir@
+
+@SET_MAKE@
+CC = @CC@
+RM = rm -f
+
+SHELL = @MAKE_SHELL@
+
+host_os = @host_os@
+host_cpu = @host_cpu@
+host_vendor = @host_vendor@
+
+CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@
+LOCAL_CFLAGS = @LOCAL_CFLAGS@
+DEFS = @DEFS@
+LOCAL_DEFS = @LOCAL_DEFS@
+
+CPPFLAGS = @CPPFLAGS@
+
+BASHINCDIR = ${topdir}/include
+
+LIBBUILD = ${BUILD_DIR}/lib
+
+INTL_LIBSRC = ${topdir}/lib/intl
+INTL_BUILDDIR = ${LIBBUILD}/intl
+INTL_INC = @INTL_INC@
+LIBINTL_H = @LIBINTL_H@
+
+CCFLAGS = $(DEFS) $(LOCAL_DEFS) $(LOCAL_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
+
+#
+# These values are generated for configure by ${topdir}/support/shobj-conf.
+# If your system is not supported by that script, but includes facilities for
+# dynamic loading of shared objects, please update the script and send the
+# changes to bash-maintainers@gnu.org.
+#
+SHOBJ_CC = @SHOBJ_CC@
+SHOBJ_CFLAGS = @SHOBJ_CFLAGS@
+SHOBJ_LD = @SHOBJ_LD@
+SHOBJ_LDFLAGS = @SHOBJ_LDFLAGS@
+SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS = @SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS@
+SHOBJ_LIBS = @SHOBJ_LIBS@
+SHOBJ_STATUS = @SHOBJ_STATUS@
+
+INC = -I. -I.. -I$(topdir) -I$(topdir)/lib -I$(topdir)/builtins \
+      -I$(BASHINCDIR) -I$(BUILD_DIR) -I$(LIBBUILD) \
+      -I$(BUILD_DIR)/builtins $(INTL_INC)
+
+.c.o:
+	$(SHOBJ_CC) $(SHOBJ_CFLAGS) $(CCFLAGS) $(INC) -c -o $@ $<
+
+
+ALLPROG = print truefalse sleep pushd finfo logname basename dirname \
+	  tty pathchk tee head mkdir rmdir printenv id whoami \
+	  uname sync push ln unlink cut realpath getconf strftime
+OTHERPROG = necho hello cat
+
+all:	$(SHOBJ_STATUS)
+
+supported:	$(ALLPROG)
+others:		$(OTHERPROG)
+
+unsupported:
+	@echo "Your system (${host_os}) is not supported by the"
+	@echo "${topdir}/support/shobj-conf script."
+	@echo "If your operating system provides facilities for dynamic"
+	@echo "loading of shared objects using the dlopen(3) interface,"
+	@echo "please update the script and re-run configure.
+	@echo "Please send the changes you made to bash-maintainers@gnu.org"
+	@echo "for inclusion in future bash releases."
+
+everything: supported others
+
+print:	print.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ print.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+necho:	necho.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ necho.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+getconf: getconf.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ getconf.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+hello:	hello.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ hello.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+truefalse: truefalse.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ truefalse.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+sleep:	sleep.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ sleep.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+finfo:	finfo.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ finfo.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+cat:	cat.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ cat.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+logname:	logname.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ logname.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+basename:	basename.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ basename.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+dirname:	dirname.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ dirname.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+tty:	tty.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ tty.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+pathchk:	pathchk.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ pathchk.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+tee:	tee.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ tee.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+mkdir:	mkdir.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ mkdir.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+rmdir:	rmdir.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ rmdir.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+head:	head.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ head.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+printenv:	printenv.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ printenv.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+id:	id.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ id.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+whoami:	whoami.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ whoami.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+uname:	uname.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ uname.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+sync:	sync.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ sync.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+push:	push.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ push.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+ln:	ln.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ ln.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+unlink:	unlink.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ unlink.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+cut:	cut.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ cut.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+realpath:	realpath.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ realpath.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+strftime:	strftime.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ strftime.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+# pushd is a special case.  We use the same source that the builtin version
+# uses, with special compilation options.
+#
+pushd.c:	${topdir}/builtins/pushd.def
+	$(RM) $@
+	${BUILD_DIR}/builtins/mkbuiltins -D ${topdir}/builtins ${topdir}/builtins/pushd.def
+
+pushd.o:	pushd.c
+	$(RM) $@
+	$(SHOBJ_CC) -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DPUSHD_AND_POPD -DLOADABLE_BUILTIN $(SHOBJ_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(INC) -c -o $@ $<
+
+pushd:	pushd.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ pushd.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) $(ALLPROG) $(OTHERPROG) *.o
+	-( cd perl && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} $@ )
+
+mostlyclean:	clean
+	-( cd perl && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} $@ )
+
+distclean maintainer-clean: clean
+	$(RM) Makefile pushd.c
+	-( cd perl && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} $@ )
+
+print.o: print.c
+truefalse.o: truefalse.c
+sleep.o: sleep.c
+finfo.o: finfo.c
+logname.o: logname.c
+basename.o: basename.c
+dirname.o: dirname.c
+tty.o: tty.c
+pathchk.o: pathchk.c
+tee.o: tee.c
+head.o: head.c
+rmdir.o: rmdir.c
+necho.o: necho.c
+getconf.o: getconf.c
+hello.o: hello.c
+cat.o: cat.c
+printenv.o: printenv.c
+id.o: id.c
+whoami.o: whoami.c
+uname.o: uname.c
+sync.o: sync.c
+push.o: push.c
+mkdir.o: mkdir.c
+realpath.o: realpath.c
+strftime.o: strftime.c
diff --git a/examples/loadables/README b/examples/loadables/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db67860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/README
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+Some examples of ready-to-dynamic-load builtins.  Most of the
+examples given are reimplementations of standard commands whose
+execution time is dominated by process startup time.  The
+exceptions are sleep, which allows you to sleep for fractions
+of a second, finfo, which provides access to the rest of the
+elements of the `stat' structure that `test' doesn't let you
+see, and pushd/popd/dirs, which allows you to compile them out
+of the shell.
+
+All of the new builtins in ksh93 that bash didn't already have
+are included here, as is the ksh `print' builtin.
+
+The configure script in the top-level source directory uses the
+support/shobj-conf script to set the right values in the Makefile,
+so you should not need to change the Makefile.  If your system
+is not supported by support/shobj-conf, and it has the necessary
+facilities for building shared objects and support for the
+dlopen/dlsyn/dlclose/dlerror family of functions, please make
+the necessary changes to support/shobj-conf and send the changes
+to bash-maintainers@gnu.org.
+
+Loadable builtins are loaded into a running shell with
+
+	enable -f filename builtin-name
+
+enable uses a simple reference-counting scheme to avoid unloading a
+shared object that implements more than one loadable builtin before
+all loadable builtins implemented in the object are removed.
+
+Many of the details needed by builtin writers are found in hello.c,
+the canonical example.  There is no real `builtin writers' programming
+guide'.  The file template.c provides a template to use for creating
+new loadable builtins.
diff --git a/examples/loadables/basename.c b/examples/loadables/basename.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f254c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/basename.c
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/* basename - return nondirectory portion of pathname */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+basename_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int slen, sufflen, off;
+  char *string, *suffix, *fn;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  if (no_options (list))
+    return (EX_USAGE);
+
+  string = list->word->word;
+  suffix = (char *)NULL;
+  if (list->next)
+    {
+      list = list->next;
+      suffix = list->word->word;
+    }
+
+  if (list->next)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  slen = strlen (string);
+
+  /* Strip trailing slashes */
+  while (slen > 0 && string[slen - 1] == '/')
+    slen--;
+
+  /* (2) If string consists entirely of slash characters, string shall be
+	 set to a single slash character.  In this case, skip steps (3)
+	 through (5). */
+  if (slen == 0)
+    {
+      fputs ("/\n", stdout);
+      return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+    }
+
+  /* (3) If there are any trailing slash characters in string, they
+	 shall be removed. */
+  string[slen] = '\0';
+
+  /* (4) If there are any slash characters remaining in string, the prefix
+	 of string up to an including the last slash character in string
+	 shall be removed. */
+  while (--slen >= 0)
+    if (string[slen] == '/')
+      break;
+
+  fn = string + slen + 1;
+
+  /* (5) If the suffix operand is present, is not identical to the
+	 characters remaining in string, and is identical to a suffix
+	 of the characters remaining in string, the suffix suffix
+	 shall be removed from string.  Otherwise, string shall not be
+	 modified by this step. */
+  if (suffix)
+    {
+      sufflen = strlen (suffix);
+      slen = strlen (fn);
+      if (sufflen < slen)
+        {
+          off = slen - sufflen;
+          if (strcmp (fn + off, suffix) == 0)
+            fn[off] = '\0';
+        }
+    }
+  printf ("%s\n", fn);
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *basename_doc[] = {
+	"The STRING is converted to a filename corresponding to the last",
+	"pathname component in STRING.  If the suffix string SUFFIX is",
+	"supplied, it is removed.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures. */
+struct builtin basename_struct = {
+	"basename",		/* builtin name */
+	basename_builtin,	/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	basename_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"basename string [suffix]",	/* usage synopsis */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/cat.c b/examples/loadables/cat.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dd1d1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/cat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * cat replacement
+ *
+ * no options - the way cat was intended
+ */
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+extern char *strerror ();
+extern char **make_builtin_argv ();
+
+static int
+fcopy(fd)
+int	fd;
+{
+	char	buf[1024], *s;
+	int	n, w, e;
+
+	while (n = read(fd, buf, sizeof (buf))) {
+		w = write(1, buf, n);
+		if (w != n) {
+			e = errno;
+			write(2, "cat: write error: ", 18);
+			s = strerror(e);
+			write(2, s, strlen(s));
+			write(2, "\n", 1);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+cat_main (argc, argv)
+int	argc;
+char	**argv;
+{
+	int	i, fd, r;
+	char	*s;
+
+	if (argc == 1)
+		return (fcopy(0));
+
+	for (i = r = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == '\0')
+			fd = 0;
+		else {
+			fd = open(argv[i], O_RDONLY, 0666);
+			if (fd < 0) {
+				s = strerror(errno);
+				write(2, "cat: cannot open ", 17);
+				write(2, argv[i], strlen(argv[i]));
+				write(2, ": ", 2);
+				write(2, s, strlen(s));
+				write(2, "\n", 1);
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		r = fcopy(fd);
+		if (fd != 0)
+			close(fd);
+	}
+	return (r);
+}
+
+cat_builtin(list)
+WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+	char	**v;
+	int	c, r;
+
+	v = make_builtin_argv(list, &c);
+	r = cat_main(c, v);
+	free(v);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+char *cat_doc[] = {
+	"Read each FILE and display it on the standard output.   If any",
+	"FILE is `-' or if no FILE argument is given, the standard input",
+	"is read.",
+	(char *)0
+};
+
+struct builtin cat_struct = {
+	"cat",
+	cat_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	cat_doc,
+	"cat [-] [file ...]",
+	0
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/cut.c b/examples/loadables/cut.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d874034
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/cut.c
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Adam S. Moskowitz of Menlo Consulting and Marciano Pitargue.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static const char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static const char sccsid[] = "@(#)cut.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 5/4/95";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LIMITS_H
+#  include <limits.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int	errno;
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (_POSIX2_LINE_MAX)
+#  define _POSIX2_LINE_MAX 2048
+#endif
+
+static int	cflag;
+static char	dchar;
+static int	dflag;
+static int	fflag;
+static int	sflag;
+
+static int autostart, autostop, maxval;
+static char positions[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX + 1];
+
+static int	c_cut __P((FILE *, char *));
+static int	f_cut __P((FILE *, char *));
+static int	get_list __P((char *));
+static char	*_cut_strsep __P((char **, const char *));
+
+int
+cut_builtin(list)
+	WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+	FILE *fp;
+	int (*fcn) __P((FILE *, char *)) = NULL;
+	int ch;
+
+	fcn = NULL;
+	dchar = '\t';			/* default delimiter is \t */
+
+	/* Since we don't support multi-byte characters, the -c and -b 
+	   options are equivalent, and the -n option is meaningless. */
+	reset_internal_getopt ();
+	while ((ch = internal_getopt (list, "b:c:d:f:sn")) != -1)
+		switch(ch) {
+		case 'b':
+		case 'c':
+			fcn = c_cut;
+			if (get_list(list_optarg) < 0)
+				return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+			cflag = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'd':
+			dchar = *list_optarg;
+			dflag = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			fcn = f_cut;
+			if (get_list(list_optarg) < 0)
+				return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+			fflag = 1;
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			sflag = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'n':
+			break;
+		case '?':
+		default:
+			builtin_usage();
+			return (EX_USAGE);
+		}
+
+	list = loptend;
+
+	if (fflag) {
+		if (cflag) {
+			builtin_usage();
+			return (EX_USAGE);
+		}
+	} else if (!cflag || dflag || sflag) {
+		builtin_usage();
+		return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	if (list) {
+		while (list) {
+			fp = fopen(list->word->word, "r");
+			if (fp == 0) {
+				builtin_error("%s", list->word->word);
+				return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+			}
+			ch = (*fcn)(fp, list->word->word);
+			(void)fclose(fp);
+			if (ch < 0)
+				return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+			list = list->next;
+		}
+	} else {
+		ch = (*fcn)(stdin, "stdin");
+		if (ch < 0)
+			return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static int
+get_list(list)
+	char *list;
+{
+	int setautostart, start, stop;
+	char *pos;
+	char *p;
+
+	/*
+	 * set a byte in the positions array to indicate if a field or
+	 * column is to be selected; use +1, it's 1-based, not 0-based.
+	 * This parser is less restrictive than the Draft 9 POSIX spec.
+	 * POSIX doesn't allow lists that aren't in increasing order or
+	 * overlapping lists.  We also handle "-3-5" although there's no
+	 * real reason too.
+	 */
+	for (; (p = _cut_strsep(&list, ", \t")) != NULL;) {
+		setautostart = start = stop = 0;
+		if (*p == '-') {
+			++p;
+			setautostart = 1;
+		}
+		if (isdigit((unsigned char)*p)) {
+			start = stop = strtol(p, &p, 10);
+			if (setautostart && start > autostart)
+				autostart = start;
+		}
+		if (*p == '-') {
+			if (isdigit((unsigned char)p[1]))
+				stop = strtol(p + 1, &p, 10);
+			if (*p == '-') {
+				++p;
+				if (!autostop || autostop > stop)
+					autostop = stop;
+			}
+		}
+		if (*p) {
+			builtin_error("[-cf] list: illegal list value");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (!stop || !start) {
+			builtin_error("[-cf] list: values may not include zero");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (stop > _POSIX2_LINE_MAX) {
+			builtin_error("[-cf] list: %d too large (max %d)",
+				       stop, _POSIX2_LINE_MAX);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (maxval < stop)
+			maxval = stop;
+		for (pos = positions + start; start++ <= stop; *pos++ = 1);
+	}
+
+	/* overlapping ranges */
+	if (autostop && maxval > autostop)
+		maxval = autostop;
+
+	/* set autostart */
+	if (autostart)
+		memset(positions + 1, '1', autostart);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* ARGSUSED */
+static int
+c_cut(fp, fname)
+	FILE *fp;
+	char *fname;
+{
+	int ch, col;
+	char *pos;
+
+	ch = 0;
+	for (;;) {
+		pos = positions + 1;
+		for (col = maxval; col; --col) {
+			if ((ch = getc(fp)) == EOF)
+				return;
+			if (ch == '\n')
+				break;
+			if (*pos++)
+				(void)putchar(ch);
+		}
+		if (ch != '\n') {
+			if (autostop)
+				while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF && ch != '\n')
+					(void)putchar(ch);
+			else
+				while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF && ch != '\n');
+		}
+		(void)putchar('\n');
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+f_cut(fp, fname)
+	FILE *fp;
+	char *fname;
+{
+	int ch, field, isdelim;
+	char *pos, *p, sep;
+	int output;
+	char lbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX + 1];
+
+	for (sep = dchar; fgets(lbuf, sizeof(lbuf), fp);) {
+		output = 0;
+		for (isdelim = 0, p = lbuf;; ++p) {
+			if (!(ch = *p)) {
+				builtin_error("%s: line too long.", fname);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			/* this should work if newline is delimiter */
+			if (ch == sep)
+				isdelim = 1;
+			if (ch == '\n') {
+				if (!isdelim && !sflag)
+					(void)printf("%s", lbuf);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!isdelim)
+			continue;
+
+		pos = positions + 1;
+		for (field = maxval, p = lbuf; field; --field, ++pos) {
+			if (*pos) {
+				if (output++)
+					(void)putchar(sep);
+				while ((ch = *p++) != '\n' && ch != sep)
+					(void)putchar(ch);
+			} else {
+				while ((ch = *p++) != '\n' && ch != sep)
+					continue;
+			}
+			if (ch == '\n')
+				break;
+		}
+		if (ch != '\n') {
+			if (autostop) {
+				if (output)
+					(void)putchar(sep);
+				for (; (ch = *p) != '\n'; ++p)
+					(void)putchar(ch);
+			} else
+				for (; (ch = *p) != '\n'; ++p);
+		}
+		(void)putchar('\n');
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get next token from string *stringp, where tokens are possibly-empty
+ * strings separated by characters from delim.
+ *
+ * Writes NULs into the string at *stringp to end tokens.
+ * delim need not remain constant from call to call.
+ * On return, *stringp points past the last NUL written (if there might
+ * be further tokens), or is NULL (if there are definitely no more tokens).
+ *
+ * If *stringp is NULL, strsep returns NULL.
+ */
+static char *
+_cut_strsep(stringp, delim)
+	register char **stringp;
+	register const char *delim;
+{
+	register char *s;
+	register const char *spanp;
+	register int c, sc;
+	char *tok;
+
+	if ((s = *stringp) == NULL)
+		return (NULL);
+	for (tok = s;;) {
+		c = *s++;
+		spanp = delim;
+		do {
+			if ((sc = *spanp++) == c) {
+				if (c == 0)
+					s = NULL;
+				else
+					s[-1] = 0;
+				*stringp = s;
+				return (tok);
+			}
+		} while (sc != 0);
+	}
+	/* NOTREACHED */
+}
+
+static char *cut_doc[] = {
+	"Select portions of each line (as specified by LIST) from each FILE",
+	"(by default, the standard input), and write them to the standard output.",
+	"Items specified by LIST are either column positions or fields delimited",
+	"by a special character.  Column numbering starts at 1.",
+	(char *)0
+};
+
+struct builtin cut_struct = {
+	"cut",
+	cut_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	cut_doc,
+	"cut -b list [-n] [file ...] OR cut -c list [file ...] OR cut -f list [-s] [-d delim] [file ...]",
+	0
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/dirname.c b/examples/loadables/dirname.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6159560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/dirname.c
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/* dirname - return directory portion of pathname */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+dirname_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int slen;
+  char *string;
+
+  if (list == 0 || list->next)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  if (no_options (list))
+    return (EX_USAGE);
+
+  string = list->word->word;
+  slen = strlen (string);
+
+  /* Strip trailing slashes */
+  while (slen > 0 && string[slen - 1] == '/')
+    slen--;
+
+  /* (2) If string consists entirely of slash characters, string shall be
+	 set to a single slash character.  In this case, skip steps (3)
+	 through (8). */
+  if (slen == 0)
+    {
+      fputs ("/\n", stdout);
+      return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+    }
+
+  /* (3) If there are any trailing slash characters in string, they
+	 shall be removed. */
+  string[slen] = '\0';
+
+  /* (4) If there are no slash characters remaining in string, string
+	 shall be set to a single period character.  In this case, skip
+	 steps (5) through (8).
+
+     (5) If there are any trailing nonslash characters in string,
+	 they shall be removed. */
+
+  while (--slen >= 0)
+    if (string[slen] == '/')
+      break;
+
+  if (slen < 0)
+    {
+      fputs (".\n", stdout);
+      return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+    }
+
+  /* (7) If there are any trailing slash characters in string, they
+	 shall be removed. */
+  while (--slen >= 0)
+    if (string[slen] != '/')
+      break;
+  string[++slen] = '\0';
+
+  /* (8) If the remaining string is empty, string shall be set to a single
+	 slash character. */
+  printf ("%s\n", (slen == 0) ? "/" : string);
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *dirname_doc[] = {
+	"The STRING is converted to the name of the directory containing",	
+	"the filename corresponding to the last pathname component in STRING.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures. */
+struct builtin dirname_struct = {
+	"dirname",		/* builtin name */
+	dirname_builtin,	/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	dirname_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"dirname string",	/* usage synopsis */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/finfo.c b/examples/loadables/finfo.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1682ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/finfo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,596 @@
+/*
+ * finfo - print file info
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "common.h"
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int	errno;
+#endif
+
+extern char	**make_builtin_argv ();
+
+static int	printst();
+static int	printsome();
+static int	printfinfo();
+static int	finfo_main();
+
+extern int	sh_optind;
+extern char	*sh_optarg;
+extern char	*this_command_name;
+
+static char	*prog;
+static int	pmask;
+
+#define OPT_UID		0x00001
+#define OPT_GID		0x00002
+#define OPT_DEV		0x00004
+#define OPT_INO		0x00008
+#define OPT_PERM	0x00010
+#define OPT_LNKNAM	0x00020
+#define OPT_FID		0x00040
+#define OPT_NLINK	0x00080
+#define OPT_RDEV	0x00100
+#define OPT_SIZE	0x00200
+#define OPT_ATIME	0x00400
+#define OPT_MTIME	0x00800
+#define OPT_CTIME	0x01000
+#define OPT_BLKSIZE	0x02000
+#define OPT_BLKS	0x04000
+#define OPT_FTYPE	0x08000
+#define OPT_PMASK	0x10000
+#define OPT_OPERM	0x20000
+
+#define OPT_ASCII	0x1000000
+
+#define OPTIONS		"acdgiflmnopsuACGMP:U"
+
+static int
+octal(s)
+char	*s;
+{
+	int	r;
+
+	r = *s - '0';
+	while (*++s >= '0' && *s <= '7')
+		r = (r * 8) + (*s - '0');
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int
+finfo_main(argc, argv)
+int	argc;
+char	**argv;
+{
+	register int	i;
+	int	mode, flags, opt;
+
+	sh_optind = 0;	/* XXX */
+	prog = base_pathname(argv[0]);
+	if (argc == 1) {
+		builtin_usage();
+		return(1);
+	}
+	flags = 0;
+	while ((opt = sh_getopt(argc, argv, OPTIONS)) != EOF) {
+		switch(opt) {
+		case 'a': flags |= OPT_ATIME; break;
+		case 'A': flags |= OPT_ATIME|OPT_ASCII; break;
+		case 'c': flags |= OPT_CTIME; break;
+		case 'C': flags |= OPT_CTIME|OPT_ASCII; break;
+		case 'd': flags |= OPT_DEV; break;
+		case 'i': flags |= OPT_INO; break;
+		case 'f': flags |= OPT_FID; break;
+		case 'g': flags |= OPT_GID; break;
+		case 'G': flags |= OPT_GID|OPT_ASCII; break;
+		case 'l': flags |= OPT_LNKNAM; break;
+		case 'm': flags |= OPT_MTIME; break;
+		case 'M': flags |= OPT_MTIME|OPT_ASCII; break;
+		case 'n': flags |= OPT_NLINK; break;
+		case 'o': flags |= OPT_OPERM; break;
+		case 'p': flags |= OPT_PERM; break;
+		case 'P': flags |= OPT_PMASK; pmask = octal(sh_optarg); break;
+		case 's': flags |= OPT_SIZE; break;
+		case 'u': flags |= OPT_UID; break;
+		case 'U': flags |= OPT_UID|OPT_ASCII; break;
+		default: builtin_usage (); return(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	argc -= sh_optind;
+	argv += sh_optind;
+
+	if (argc == 0) {
+		builtin_usage();
+		return(1);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		opt = flags ? printsome (argv[i], flags) : printfinfo(argv[i]);
+
+	return(opt);
+}
+
+static struct stat *
+getstat(f)
+char	*f;
+{
+	static struct stat st;
+	int	fd, r;
+	intmax_t lfd;
+
+	if (strncmp(f, "/dev/fd/", 8) == 0) {
+		if ((legal_number(f + 8, &lfd) == 0) || (int)lfd != lfd) {
+			builtin_error("%s: invalid fd", f + 8);
+			return ((struct stat *)0);
+		}
+		fd = lfd;
+		r = fstat(fd, &st);
+	} else
+#ifdef HAVE_LSTAT
+		r = lstat(f, &st);
+#else
+		r = stat(f, &st);
+#endif
+	if (r < 0) {
+		builtin_error("%s: cannot stat: %s", f, strerror(errno));
+		return ((struct stat *)0);
+	}
+	return (&st);
+}
+
+static int
+printfinfo(f)
+char	*f;
+{
+	struct stat *st;
+
+	st = getstat(f);
+	return (st ? printst(st) : 1);
+}
+
+static int
+getperm(m)
+int	m;
+{
+	return (m & (S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO|S_ISUID|S_ISGID));
+}
+
+static int
+perms(m)
+int	m;
+{
+	char ubits[4], gbits[4], obits[4];	/* u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx */
+	int i;
+
+	i = 0;
+	if (m & S_IRUSR)
+		ubits[i++] = 'r';
+	if (m & S_IWUSR)
+		ubits[i++] = 'w';
+	if (m & S_IXUSR)
+		ubits[i++] = 'x';
+	ubits[i] = '\0';
+
+	i = 0;
+	if (m & S_IRGRP)
+		gbits[i++] = 'r';
+	if (m & S_IWGRP)
+		gbits[i++] = 'w';
+	if (m & S_IXGRP)
+		gbits[i++] = 'x';
+	gbits[i] = '\0';
+
+	i = 0;
+	if (m & S_IROTH)
+		obits[i++] = 'r';
+	if (m & S_IWOTH)
+		obits[i++] = 'w';
+	if (m & S_IXOTH)
+		obits[i++] = 'x';
+	obits[i] = '\0';
+
+	if (m & S_ISUID)
+		ubits[2] = (m & S_IXUSR) ? 's' : 'S';
+	if (m & S_ISGID)
+		gbits[2] = (m & S_IXGRP) ? 's' : 'S';
+	if (m & S_ISVTX)
+		obits[2] = (m & S_IXOTH) ? 't' : 'T';
+
+	printf ("u=%s,g=%s,o=%s", ubits, gbits, obits);
+}
+
+static int
+printmode(mode)
+int	mode;
+{
+	if (S_ISBLK(mode))
+		printf("S_IFBLK ");
+	if (S_ISCHR(mode))
+		printf("S_IFCHR ");
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode))
+		printf("S_IFDIR ");
+	if (S_ISREG(mode))
+		printf("S_IFREG ");
+	if (S_ISFIFO(mode))
+		printf("S_IFIFO ");
+	if (S_ISLNK(mode))
+		printf("S_IFLNK ");
+	if (S_ISSOCK(mode))
+		printf("S_IFSOCK ");
+#ifdef S_ISWHT
+	if (S_ISWHT(mode))
+		printf("S_ISWHT ");
+#endif
+	perms(getperm(mode));
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static int	
+printst(st)
+struct stat *st;
+{
+	struct passwd	*pw;
+	struct group	*gr;
+	char	*owner;
+	int	ma, mi, d;
+
+	ma = major (st->st_rdev);
+	mi = minor (st->st_rdev);
+#if defined (makedev)
+	d = makedev (ma, mi);
+#else
+	d = st->st_rdev & 0xFF;
+#endif
+	printf("Device (major/minor): %d (%d/%d)\n", d, ma, mi);
+
+	printf("Inode: %d\n", (int) st->st_ino);
+	printf("Mode: (%o) ", (int) st->st_mode);
+	printmode((int) st->st_mode);
+	printf("Link count: %d\n", (int) st->st_nlink);
+	pw = getpwuid(st->st_uid);
+	owner = pw ? pw->pw_name : "unknown";
+	printf("Uid of owner: %d (%s)\n", (int) st->st_uid, owner);
+	gr = getgrgid(st->st_gid);
+	owner = gr ? gr->gr_name : "unknown";
+	printf("Gid of owner: %d (%s)\n", (int) st->st_gid, owner);
+	printf("Device type: %d\n", (int) st->st_rdev);
+	printf("File size: %ld\n", (long) st->st_size);
+	printf("File last access time: %s", ctime (&st->st_atime));
+	printf("File last modify time: %s", ctime (&st->st_mtime));
+	printf("File last status change time: %s", ctime (&st->st_ctime));
+	fflush(stdout);
+	return(0);
+}
+
+static int
+printsome(f, flags)
+char	*f;
+int	flags;
+{
+	struct stat *st;
+	struct passwd *pw;
+	struct group *gr;
+	int	p;
+	char	*b;
+
+	st = getstat(f);
+	if (st == NULL)
+		return (1);
+
+	/* Print requested info */
+	if (flags & OPT_ATIME) {
+		if (flags & OPT_ASCII)
+			printf("%s", ctime(&st->st_atime));
+		else
+			printf("%ld\n", st->st_atime);
+	} else if (flags & OPT_MTIME) {
+		if (flags & OPT_ASCII)
+			printf("%s", ctime(&st->st_mtime));
+		else
+			printf("%ld\n", st->st_mtime);
+	} else if (flags & OPT_CTIME) {
+		if (flags & OPT_ASCII)
+			printf("%s", ctime(&st->st_ctime));
+		else
+			printf("%ld\n", st->st_ctime);
+	} else if (flags & OPT_DEV)
+		printf("%d\n", st->st_dev);
+	else if (flags & OPT_INO)
+		printf("%d\n", st->st_ino);
+	else if (flags & OPT_FID)
+		printf("%d:%ld\n", st->st_dev, st->st_ino);
+	else if (flags & OPT_NLINK)
+		printf("%d\n", st->st_nlink);
+	else if (flags & OPT_LNKNAM) {
+#ifdef S_ISLNK
+		b = xmalloc(4096);
+		p = readlink(f, b, 4096);
+		if (p >= 0 && p < 4096)
+			b[p] = '\0';
+		else {
+			p = errno;
+			strcpy(b, prog);
+			strcat(b, ": ");
+			strcat(b, strerror(p));
+		}
+		printf("%s\n", b);
+		free(b);
+#else
+		printf("%s\n", f);
+#endif
+	} else if (flags & OPT_PERM) {
+		perms(st->st_mode);
+		printf("\n");
+	} else if (flags & OPT_OPERM)
+		printf("%o\n", getperm(st->st_mode));
+	else if (flags & OPT_PMASK)
+		printf("%o\n", getperm(st->st_mode) & pmask);
+	else if (flags & OPT_UID) {
+		pw = getpwuid(st->st_uid);
+		if (flags & OPT_ASCII)
+			printf("%s\n", pw ? pw->pw_name : "unknown");
+		else
+			printf("%d\n", st->st_uid);
+	} else if (flags & OPT_GID) {
+		gr = getgrgid(st->st_gid);
+		if (flags & OPT_ASCII)
+			printf("%s\n", gr ? gr->gr_name : "unknown");
+		else
+			printf("%d\n", st->st_gid);
+	} else if (flags & OPT_SIZE)
+		printf("%ld\n", st->st_size);
+
+	return (0);
+}
+
+#ifndef NOBUILTIN
+int
+finfo_builtin(list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int c, r;
+  char **v;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+
+  v = make_builtin_argv (list, &c);
+  r = finfo_main (c, v);
+  free (v);
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+static char *finfo_doc[] = {
+  "Display information about each FILE.  Only single operators should",
+  "be supplied.  If no options are supplied, a summary of the info",
+  "available about each FILE is printed.  If FILE is of the form",
+  "/dev/fd/XX, file descriptor XX is described.  Operators, if supplied,",
+  "have the following meanings:",
+  "",
+  "	-a	last file access time",
+  "	-A	last file access time in ctime format",
+  "	-c	last file status change time",
+  "	-C	last file status change time in ctime format",
+  "	-m	last file modification time",
+  "	-M	last file modification time in ctime format",
+  "	-d	device",
+  "	-i	inode",
+  "	-f	composite file identifier (device:inode)",
+  "	-g	gid of owner",
+  "	-G	group name of owner",
+  "	-l	name of file pointed to by symlink",
+  "	-n	link count",
+  "	-o	permissions in octal",
+  "	-p	permissions in ascii",
+  "	-P mask permissions ANDed with MASK (like with umask)",
+  "	-s	file size in bytes",
+  "	-u	uid of owner",
+  "	-U	user name of owner",
+  (char *)0
+};
+
+struct builtin finfo_struct = {
+	"finfo",
+	finfo_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	finfo_doc,
+	"finfo [-acdgiflmnopsuACGMPU] file [file...]",
+	0
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NOBUILTIN
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+#  include <stdarg.h>
+#else
+#  if defined (PREFER_VARARGS)
+#    include <varargs.h>
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+char *this_command_name;
+
+main(argc, argv)
+int	argc;
+char	**argv;
+{
+	this_command_name = argv[0];
+	exit(finfo_main(argc, argv));
+}
+
+void
+builtin_usage()
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: usage: %s [-%s] [file ...]\n", prog, OPTIONS);
+}
+
+#ifndef HAVE_STRERROR
+char *
+strerror(e)
+int	e;
+{
+	static char	ebuf[40];
+	extern int	sys_nerr;
+	extern char	*sys_errlist[];
+
+	if (e < 0 || e > sys_nerr) {
+		sprintf(ebuf,"Unknown error code %d", e);
+		return (&ebuf[0]);
+	}
+	return (sys_errlist[e]);
+}
+#endif
+
+char *
+xmalloc(s)
+size_t	s;
+{
+	char	*ret;
+	extern char *malloc();
+
+	ret = malloc(s);
+	if (ret)
+		return (ret);
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot malloc %d bytes\n", prog, s);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+char *
+base_pathname(p)
+char	*p;
+{
+	char	*t;
+
+	if (t = strrchr(p, '/'))
+		return(++t);
+	return(p);
+}
+
+int
+legal_number (string, result)
+     char *string;
+     long *result;
+{
+  int sign;
+  long value;
+
+  sign = 1;
+  value = 0;
+
+  if (result)
+    *result = 0;
+
+  /* Skip leading whitespace characters. */
+  while (whitespace (*string))
+    string++;
+
+  if (!*string)
+    return (0);
+
+  /* We allow leading `-' or `+'. */
+  if (*string == '-' || *string == '+')
+    {
+      if (!digit (string[1]))
+        return (0);
+
+      if (*string == '-')
+        sign = -1;
+
+      string++;
+    }
+
+  while (digit (*string))
+    {
+      if (result)
+        value = (value * 10) + digit_value (*string);
+      string++;
+    }
+
+  /* Skip trailing whitespace, if any. */
+  while (whitespace (*string))
+    string++;
+
+  /* Error if not at end of string. */
+  if (*string)
+    return (0);
+
+  if (result)
+    *result = value * sign;
+
+  return (1);
+}
+
+int sh_optind;
+char *sh_optarg;
+int sh_opterr;
+
+extern int optind;
+extern char *optarg;
+
+int
+sh_getopt(c, v, o)
+int	c;
+char	**v, *o;
+{
+	int	r;
+
+	r = getopt(c, v, o);
+	sh_optind = optind;
+	sh_optarg = optarg;
+	return r;
+}
+
+#if defined (USE_VARARGS)
+void
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+builtin_error (const char *format, ...)
+#else
+builtin_error (format, va_alist)
+     const char *format;
+     va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+  va_list args;
+
+  if (this_command_name && *this_command_name)
+    fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", this_command_name);
+
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+  va_start (args, format);
+#else
+  va_start (args);
+#endif
+
+  vfprintf (stderr, format, args);
+  va_end (args);
+  fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+}
+#else
+void
+builtin_error (format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5)
+     char *format, *arg1, *arg2, *arg3, *arg4, *arg5;
+{
+  if (this_command_name && *this_command_name)
+    fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", this_command_name);
+
+  fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
+  fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+  fflush (stderr);
+}
+#endif /* !USE_VARARGS */
+
+#endif
diff --git a/examples/loadables/getconf.c b/examples/loadables/getconf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bf2079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/getconf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1488 @@
+/*
+ * ORIGINAL COPYRIGHT STATEMENT:
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 1994 Winning Strategies, Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc.
+ * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * POSIX.2 getconf utility
+ *
+ * Originally Written by:
+ *	J.T. Conklin (jtc@wimsey.com), Winning Strategies, Inc.
+ *
+ * Heavily modified for inclusion in bash by
+ *	Chet Ramey <chet@po.cwru.edu>
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
+#  include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_LIMITS_H
+#include <limits.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_LOCALE_H
+#include <locale.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "typemax.h"
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "stdc.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#include "getconf.h"
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+struct conf_variable
+{
+  const char *name;
+  enum { SYSCONF, CONFSTR, PATHCONF, CONSTANT, LLCONST, G_UNDEF } type;
+  long value;
+};
+
+#ifndef HAVE_CONFSTR
+static size_t confstr __P((int, char *, size_t));
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HAVE_SYSCONF
+static long sysconf __P((int));
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HAVE_PATHCONF
+static long pathconf __P((const char *, int));
+#endif
+
+/* Hack to `encode' values wider than long into a conf_variable */
+#define VAL_LLONG_MIN		-1000
+#define VAL_LLONG_MAX		-1001
+#define VAL_ULLONG_MAX		-1002
+
+static const struct conf_variable conf_table[] =
+{
+  /* POSIX.2 Configurable Variable Values */
+  { "PATH",			CONFSTR,	_CS_PATH		},
+  { "CS_PATH",			CONFSTR,	_CS_PATH		},
+
+  /* POSIX.1 Configurable Variable Values (only Solaris?) */
+#if defined (_CS_LFS_CFLAGS)
+  { "LFS_CFLAGS",		CONFSTR,	_CS_LFS_CFLAGS		},
+  { "LFS_LDFLAGS",		CONFSTR,	_CS_LFS_LDFLAGS		},
+  { "LFS_LIBS",			CONFSTR,	_CS_LFS_LIBS		},
+  { "LFS_LINTFLAGS",		CONFSTR,	_CS_LFS_LINTFLAGS	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_CS_LFS64_CFLAGS)
+  { "LFS64_CFLAGS",		CONFSTR,	_CS_LFS64_CFLAGS	},
+  { "LFS64_LDFLAGS",		CONFSTR,	_CS_LFS64_LDFLAGS	},
+  { "LFS64_LIBS",		CONFSTR,	_CS_LFS64_LIBS		},
+  { "LFS64_LINTFLAGS",		CONFSTR,	_CS_LFS64_LINTFLAGS	},
+#endif
+
+  /* Single UNIX Specification version 2 Configurable Variable Values.  The
+     SYSCONF variables say whether or not the appropriate CONFSTR variables
+     are available. */
+#if defined (_SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32)
+  { "XBS5_ILP32_OFF32",			SYSCONF,	_SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32	},
+  { "_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS)
+  { "XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS",  	CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS },
+  { "XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS",		CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS },
+  { "XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS",    	CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS },
+  { "XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS",       CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG)
+  { "XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG	},
+  { "_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS)
+  { "XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS", 	CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS },
+  { "XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS },
+  { "XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS",   	CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS },
+  { "XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS",      CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XBS5_LP64_OFF64)
+  { "XBS5_LP64_OFF64",			SYSCONF,	_SC_XBS5_LP64_OFF64	},
+  { "_XBS5_LP64_OFF64",			SYSCONF,	_SC_XBS5_LP64_OFF64	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS)
+  { "XBS5_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS",   	CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS },
+  { "XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS",  	CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS },
+  { "XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LIBS",     	CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LIBS },
+  { "XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG)
+  { "XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG	},
+  { "_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS)
+  { "XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS", 	CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS },
+  { "XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS },
+  { "XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS",   	CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS },
+  { "XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS",      CONFSTR,	_CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS },
+#endif
+
+  /* Single UNIX Specification version 3 (POSIX.1-200x) Configurable Variable
+     Values.  The SYSCONF variables say whether or not the appropriate CONFSTR
+     variables are available. */
+
+#if defined (_SC_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32)
+  { "_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32",		SYSCONF,	_SC_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32  },
+#endif
+#if defined (_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS)
+  { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS },
+  { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS },
+  { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS)
+  { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG)
+  { "_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG",		SYSCONF,	_SC_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG },
+#endif
+#if defined (_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS)
+  { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS },
+  { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS },
+  { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS)
+  { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64)
+  { "_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64",		SYSCONF,	_SC_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64	  },
+#endif
+#if defined (_CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS)
+  { "POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS },
+  { "POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS },
+  { "POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LIBS",		CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LIBS },
+#endif
+#if defined (CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS)
+  { "POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG)
+  { "_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG",	SYSCONF,	_SC_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG },
+#endif
+#if defined (_CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS)
+  { "POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS },
+  { "POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS },
+  { "POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS)
+  { "POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS },
+#endif
+
+#if defined (_CS_POSIX_V6_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS)
+  { "POSIX_6_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS",	CONFSTR,	_CS_POSIX_V6_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS },
+#endif
+
+  /* POSIX.2 Utility Limit Minimum Values */
+#ifdef _POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX
+  { "POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX
+  { "POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX
+  { "POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX
+  { "POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
+  { "POSIX2_CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX },
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			 },
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
+  { "POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX },
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			 },
+#endif
+#if defined (_POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX)
+  { "POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX	},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX
+  { "POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_LINE_MAX
+  { "POSIX2_LINE_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_LINE_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_LINE_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX
+  { "POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#if defined (_POSIX2_VERSION)
+  { "POSIX2_VERSION",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_VERSION		},
+#else
+#  if !defined (_SC_2_VERSION)
+  { "POSIX2_VERSION",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX
+  { "_POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX
+  { "_POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX
+  { "_POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX
+  { "_POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
+  { "_POSIX2_CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX },
+#else
+  { "_POSIX2_CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			 },
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
+  { "_POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX },
+#else
+  { "_POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			 },
+#endif
+#if defined (_POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX)
+  { "POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX	},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX
+  { "_POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_LINE_MAX
+  { "_POSIX2_LINE_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_LINE_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX2_LINE_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX
+  { "_POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+
+  /* X/OPEN Maxmimum Values */
+#ifdef _XOPEN_IOV_MAX
+  { "_XOPEN_IOV_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_XOPEN_IOV_MAX		},
+#else
+  { "_XOPEN_IOV_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _XOPEN_NAME_MAX
+  { "_XOPEN_NAME_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_XOPEN_NAME_MAX		},
+#else
+  { "_XOPEN_NAME_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _XOPEN_PATH_MAX
+  { "_XOPEN_PATH_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_XOPEN_PATH_MAX		},
+#else
+  { "_XOPEN_PATH_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+
+  /* POSIX.1 Minimum Values */
+#ifdef _POSIX_AIO_LISTIO_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_AIO_LISTIO_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_AIO_LISTIO_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_AIO_LISTIO_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX_AIO_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_AIO_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_AIO_MAX		},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_AIO_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX_ARG_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_ARG_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_ARG_MAX		},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_ARG_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX_CHILD_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_CHILD_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_CHILD_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_CHILD_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_DELAYTIMER_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_DELAYTIMER_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_DELAYTIMER_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_DELAYTIMER_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_HOST_NAME_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_HOST_NAME_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_HOST_NAME_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_HOST_NAME_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_LINK_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_LINK_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_LINK_MAX		},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_LINK_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_LOGIN_NAME_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_LOGIN_NAME_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_LOGIN_NAME_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_LOGIN_NAME_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_MAX_CANON
+  { "_POSIX_MAX_CANON",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_MAX_CANON	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_MAX_CANON",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_MAX_INPUT
+  { "_POSIX_MAX_INPUT",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_MAX_INPUT	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_MAX_INPUT",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_MQ_OPEN_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_MQ_OPEN_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_MQ_OPEN_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_MQ_OPEN_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_MQ_PRIO_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_MQ_PRIO_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_MQ_PRIO_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_MQ_PRIO_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_NAME_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_NAME_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_NAME_MAX		},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_NAME_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_OPEN_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_OPEN_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_OPEN_MAX		},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_OPEN_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_PATH_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_PATH_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_PATH_MAX		},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_PATH_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_PIPE_BUF
+  { "_POSIX_PIPE_BUF",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_PIPE_BUF		},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_PIPE_BUF",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_RE_DUP_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_RE_DUP_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_RE_DUP_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_RE_DUP_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_RTSIG_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_RTSIG_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_RTSIG_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_RTSIG_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_SEM_NSEMS_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_SEM_NSEMS_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_SEM_NSEMS_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_SEM_NSEMS_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_SEM_VALUE_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_SEM_VALUE_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_SEM_VALUE_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_SEM_VALUE_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_SIGQUEUE_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_SIGQUEUE_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_SIGQUEUE_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_SIGQUEUE_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_SSIZE_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_SSIZE_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_SSIZE_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_SS_REPL_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_SS_REPL_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_SS_REPL_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_SS_REPL_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_STREAM_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_STREAM_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_STREAM_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_STREAM_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_SYMLINK_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_SYMLINK_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_SYMLINK_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_SYMLINK_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_SYMLOOP_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_SYMLOOP_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_SYMLOOP_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_SYMLOOP_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_THREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_THREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS",	G_UNDEF,	-1	},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_THREAD_KEYS_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_KEYS_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_THREAD_KEYS_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_KEYS_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_THREAD_THREADS_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_THREADS_MAX",CONSTANT,	_POSIX_THREAD_THREADS_MAX },
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_THREADS_MAX",G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_TIMER_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_TIMER_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_TIMER_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_TIMER_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1		},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_TRACE_NAME_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_TRACE_NAME_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_TRACE_NAME_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_TRACE_NAME_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_TRACE_SYS_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_TRACE_SYS_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_TRACE_SYS_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_TRACE_SYS_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1		},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_TTY_NAME_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_TTY_NAME_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_TTY_NAME_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_TTY_NAME_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX
+  { "_POSIX_TZNAME_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_TZNAME_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_TZNAME_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif  
+
+  /* POSIX.1 Maximum Values */
+#ifdef _POSIX_CLOCKRES_MIN
+  { "_POSIX_CLOCKRES_MIN",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_CLOCKRES_MIN	},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX_CLOCKRES_MIN",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+
+  /* POSIX.1-2001/XPG6 (and later) Runtime Invariants from <limits.h> */
+#ifdef _SC_SS_REPL_MAX
+  { "SS_REPL_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_SS_REPL_MAX	},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _SC_TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX
+  { "TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX",	SYSCONF,	_SC_TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX	},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _SC_TRACE_NAME_MAX
+  { "TRACE_NAME_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_TRACE_NAME_MAX	},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _SC_TRACE_SYS_MAX
+  { "TRACE_SYS_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_TRACE_SYS_MAX	},
+#endif  
+#ifdef _SC_TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX
+  { "TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX",	SYSCONF,	_SC_TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX	},
+#endif  
+
+  /* POSIX.2/XPG 4.2 (and later) Symbolic Utility Limits */
+#ifdef _SC_BC_BASE_MAX
+  { "BC_BASE_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_BC_BASE_MAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_BC_DIM_MAX
+  { "BC_DIM_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_BC_DIM_MAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_BC_SCALE_MAX
+  { "BC_SCALE_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_BC_SCALE_MAX	},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_BC_STRING_MAX
+  { "BC_STRING_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_BC_STRING_MAX	},
+#endif
+#ifdef CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
+  { "CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX",	CONSTANT,	CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX	},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
+  { "COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX	},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_EXPR_NEST_MAX
+  { "EXPR_NEST_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_EXPR_NEST_MAX	},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_LINE_MAX
+  { "LINE_MAX",			SYSCONF,	_SC_LINE_MAX		},
+#endif
+#  ifdef NL_ARGMAX
+  { "NL_ARGMAX",		CONSTANT,	NL_ARGMAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef NL_LANGMAX
+  { "NL_LANGMAX",		CONSTANT,	NL_LANGMAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef NL_MSGMAX
+  { "NL_MSGMAX",		CONSTANT,	NL_MSGMAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef NL_NMAX
+  { "NL_NMAX",			CONSTANT,	NL_NMAX			},
+#endif
+#ifdef NL_SETMAX
+  { "NL_SETMAX",		CONSTANT,	NL_SETMAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef NL_TEXTMAX
+  { "NL_TEXTMAX",		CONSTANT,	NL_TEXTMAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_RAW_SOCKET
+  { "RAW_SOCKET",		SYSCONF,	_SC_RAW_SOCKET		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_RE_DUP_MAX
+  { "RE_DUP_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_RE_DUP_MAX		},
+#endif
+
+  /* POSIX.2 Optional Facility Configuration Values */
+#ifdef _SC_2_C_BIND
+  { "POSIX2_C_BIND",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_C_BIND		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_C_BIND",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_2_C_DEV
+  { "POSIX2_C_DEV",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_C_DEV		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_C_DEV",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_2_C_VERSION)
+  { "POSIX2_C_VERSION",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_C_VERSION		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_C_VERSION",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_2_CHAR_TERM)
+  { "POSIX2_CHAR_TERM",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_CHAR_TERM		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_CHAR_TERM",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_2_FORT_DEV
+  { "POSIX2_FORT_DEV",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_FORT_DEV		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_FORT_DEV",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_2_FORT_RUN
+  { "POSIX2_FORT_RUN",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_FORT_RUN		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_FORT_RUN",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_2_LOCALEDEF
+  { "POSIX2_LOCALEDEF",	SYSCONF,	_SC_2_LOCALEDEF		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_LOCALEDEF",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_2_SW_DEV
+  { "POSIX2_SW_DEV",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_SW_DEV		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_SW_DEV",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC2_UPE)
+  { "POSIX2_UPE",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_UPE		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_UPE",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#if !defined (_POSIX2_VERSION) && defined (_SC_2_VERSION)
+  { "_POSIX2_VERSION",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_VERSION		},
+#else
+  { "_POSIX2_VERSION",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_REGEX_VERSION)
+  { "REGEX_VERSION",		SYSCONF,	_SC_REGEX_VERSION	},
+  { "_REGEX_VERSION",		SYSCONF,	_SC_REGEX_VERSION	},
+#else
+  { "REGEX_VERSION",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+  { "_REGEX_VERSION",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+
+#if defined (_SC_2_PBS)
+  { "_POSIX2_PBS",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_PBS		},
+  { "_POSIX2_PBS_ACCOUNTING",	SYSCONF,	_SC_2_PBS_ACCOUNTING	},
+#  if defined (_SC_2_PBS_CHECKPOINT)
+  { "_POSIX2_PBS_CHECKPOINT",	SYSCONF,	_SC_2_PBS_CHECKPOINT	},
+#  endif
+  { "_POSIX2_PBS_LOCATE",	SYSCONF,	_SC_2_PBS_LOCATE	},
+  { "_POSIX2_PBS_MESSAGE",	SYSCONF,	_SC_2_PBS_MESSAGE	},
+  { "_POSIX2_PBS_TRACK",	SYSCONF,	_SC_2_PBS_TRACK		},
+#endif
+
+  /* POSIX.1 Configurable System Variables */
+#ifdef _SC_ARG_MAX
+  { "ARG_MAX",			SYSCONF,	_SC_ARG_MAX 		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_CHILD_MAX
+  { "CHILD_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_CHILD_MAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_CLK_TCK
+  { "CLK_TCK",			SYSCONF,	_SC_CLK_TCK		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_DELAYTIMER_MAX
+  { "DELAYTIMER_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_DELAYTIMER_MAX	},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_NGROUPS_MAX
+  { "NGROUPS_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_NGROUPS_MAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef NZERO
+  { "NZERO",			CONSTANT,	NZERO			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_OPEN_MAX
+  { "OPEN_MAX",			SYSCONF,	_SC_OPEN_MAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef PASS_MAX
+  { "PASS_MAX",			CONSTANT,	PASS_MAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_STREAM_MAX
+  { "STREAM_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_STREAM_MAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef TMP_MAX
+  { "TMP_MAX",			CONSTANT,	TMP_MAX			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_TZNAME_MAX
+  { "TZNAME_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_TZNAME_MAX		},
+#endif
+
+  /* POSIX.1 Optional Facility Configuration Values */
+#if defined (_SC_ADVISORY_INFO)
+  { "_POSIX_ADVISORY_INFO",	SYSCONF,	_SC_ADVISORY_INFO	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO)
+  { "_POSIX_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO",	SYSCONF,	_SC_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_BARRIERS)
+  { "_POSIX_BARRIERS",		SYSCONF,	_SC_BARRIERS		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_BASE)
+  { "_POSIX_BASE",		SYSCONF,	_SC_BASE		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_C_LANG_SUPPORT)
+  { "_POSIX_C_LANG_SUPPORT",	SYSCONF,	_SC_C_LANG_SUPPORT	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_C_LANG_SUPPORT_R)
+  { "_POSIX_C_LANG_SUPPORT_R",	SYSCONF,	_SC_C_LANG_SUPPORT_R	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_CLOCK_SELECTION)
+  { "_POSIX_CLOCK_SELECTION",	SYSCONF,	_SC_CLOCK_SELECTION	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_CPUTIME)
+  { "_POSIX_CPUTIME",		SYSCONF,	_SC_CPUTIME		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_DEVICE_IO)
+  { "_POSIX_DEVICE_IO",		SYSCONF,	_SC_DEVICE_IO		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_DEVICE_SPECIFIC)
+  { "_POSIX_DEVICE_SPECIFIC",	SYSCONF,	_SC_DEVICE_SPECIFIC	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_DEVICE_SPECIFIC_R)
+  { "_POSIX_DEVICE_SPECIFIC_R",	SYSCONF,	_SC_DEVICE_SPECIFIC_R	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_FD_MGMT)
+  { "_POSIX_FD_MGMT",		SYSCONF,	_SC_FD_MGMT		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_FIFO)
+  { "_POSIX_FIFO",		SYSCONF,	_SC_FIFO		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
+  { "_POSIX_FILE_ATTRIBUTES",	SYSCONF,	_SC_FILE_ATTRIBUTES	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_FILE_LOCKING)
+  { "_POSIX_FILE_LOCKING",	SYSCONF,	_SC_FILE_LOCKING	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_FILE_SYSTEM)
+  { "_POSIX_FILE_SYSTEM",	SYSCONF,	_SC_FILE_SYSTEM		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_FSYNC)
+  { "_POSIX_FSYNC",		SYSCONF,	_SC_FSYNC		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_IPV6)
+  { "_POSIX_IPV6",		SYSCONF,	_SC_IPV6 		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_JOB_CONTROL)
+  { "_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL",	SYSCONF,	_SC_JOB_CONTROL 	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_MAPPED_FILES)
+  { "_POSIX_MAPPED_FILES",	SYSCONF,	_SC_MAPPED_FILES	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_MEMLOCK)
+  { "_POSIX_MEMLOCK",		SYSCONF,	_SC_MEMLOCK		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_MEMLOCK_RANGE)
+  { "_POSIX_MEMLOCK_RANGE",	SYSCONF,	_SC_MEMLOCK_RANGE	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_MEMORY_PROTECTION)
+  { "_POSIX_MEMORY_PROTECTION",	SYSCONF,	_SC_MEMORY_PROTECTION	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_MESSAGE_PASSING)
+  { "_POSIX_MESSAGE_PASSING",	SYSCONF,	_SC_MESSAGE_PASSING	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_MONOTONIC_CLOCK)
+  { "_POSIX_MONOTONIC_CLOCK",	SYSCONF,	_SC_MONOTONIC_CLOCK	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_MULTI_PROCESS)
+  { "_POSIX_MULTI_PROCESS",	SYSCONF,	_SC_MULTI_PROCESS	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_NETWORKING)
+  { "_POSIX_NETWORKING",	SYSCONF,	_SC_NETWORKING		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_PIPE)
+  { "_POSIX_PIPE",		SYSCONF,	_SC_PIPE		},
+#endif
+#if defined (SC_PRIORITIZED_IO)
+  { "_POSIX_PRIORITIZED_IO",	SYSCONF,	_SC_PRIORITIZED_IO	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING)
+  { "_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING", SYSCONF,	_SC_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_READER_WRITER_LOCKS)
+  { "_POSIX_READER_WRITER_LOCKS", SYSCONF,	_SC_READER_WRITER_LOCKS	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_RAW_SOCKETS)
+  { "_POSIX_RAW_SOCKETS",	SYSCONF,	_SC_RAW_SOCKETS	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_REALTIME_SIGNALS)
+  { "_POSIX_REALTIME_SIGNALS",	SYSCONF,	_SC_REALTIME_SIGNALS	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_REGEXP)
+  { "_POSIX_REGEXP",		SYSCONF,	_SC_REGEXP		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SAVED_IDS)
+  { "_POSIX_SAVED_IDS",		SYSCONF,	_SC_SAVED_IDS		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SEMAPHORES)
+  { "_POSIX_SEMAPHORES",	SYSCONF,	_SC_SEMAPHORES		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS)
+  { "_POSIX_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS", SYSCONF,	_SC_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS },
+#endif
+  { "_POSIX_SHELL",		CONSTANT,	1			},
+#if defined (_SC_SIGNALS)
+  { "_POSIX_SIGNALS",		SYSCONF,	_SC_SIGNALS		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SINGLE_PROCESS)
+  { "_POSIX_SINGLE_PROCESS",	SYSCONF,	_SC_SINGLE_PROCESS	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SPAWN)
+  { "_POSIX_SPAWN",		SYSCONF,	_SC_SPAWN		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SPIN_LOCKS)
+  { "_POSIX_SPIN_LOCKS",	SYSCONF,	_SC_SPIN_LOCKS		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SPORADIC_SERVER)
+  { "_POSIX_SPORADIC_SERVER",	SYSCONF,	_SC_SPORADIC_SERVER	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SYMLOOP_MAX)
+  { "_POSIX_SYMLOOP_MAX",	SYSCONF,	_SC_SYMLOOP_MAX		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SYNCHRONIZED_IO)
+  { "_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO",	SYSCONF,	_SC_SYNCHRONIZED_IO	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SYSTEM_DATABASE)
+  { "_POSIX_SYSTEM_DATABASE",	SYSCONF,	_SC_SYSTEM_DATABASE	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SYSTEM_DATABASE_R)
+  { "_POSIX_SYSTEM_DATABASE_R",	SYSCONF,	_SC_SYSTEM_DATABASE_R	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR)
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR", SYSCONF,	_SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE)
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE", SYSCONF,	_SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_CPUTIME)
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_CPUTIME",	SYSCONF,	_SC_THREAD_CPUTIME },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT)
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT", SYSCONF,	_SC_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT)
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT", SYSCONF,	_SC_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING)
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING", SYSCONF, _SC_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED)
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED", SYSCONF,	_SC_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS)
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS", SYSCONF,	_SC_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER)
+  { "_POSIX_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER", SYSCONF,	_SC_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREADS)
+  { "_POSIX_THREADS",		SYSCONF,	_SC_THREADS		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_TIMEOUTS)
+  { "_POSIX_TIMEOUTS",		SYSCONF,	_SC_TIMEOUTS		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_TIMERS)
+  { "_POSIX_TIMERS",		SYSCONF,	_SC_TIMERS		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_TRACE)
+  { "_POSIX_TRACE",		SYSCONF,	_SC_TRACE		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_TRACE)
+  { "_POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER",SYSCONF,	_SC_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_TRACE)
+  { "_POSIX_TRACE_INHERIT",	SYSCONF,	_SC_TRACE_INHERIT	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_TRACE)
+  { "_POSIX_TRACE_LOG",		SYSCONF,	_SC_TRACE_LOG		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS)
+  { "_POSIX_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS", SYSCONF,	_SC_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_VERSION)
+  { "_POSIX_VERSION",		SYSCONF,	_SC_VERSION		},
+#endif
+
+  /* XPG 4.2 Configurable System Variables. */
+#if defined (_SC_ATEXIT_MAX)
+  { "ATEXIT_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_ATEXIT_MAX		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX)
+  { "GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)
+  { "GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_HOST_NAME_MAX)
+  { "HOST_NAME_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_HOST_NAME_MAX	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_IOV_MAX)
+  { "IOV_MAX",			SYSCONF,	_SC_IOV_MAX		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX)
+  { "LOGIN_NAME_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_LOGNAME_MAX)
+  { "LOGNAME_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_LOGNAME_MAX		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_PAGESIZE)
+  { "PAGESIZE",			SYSCONF,	_SC_PAGESIZE		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_PAGE_SIZE)
+  { "PAGE_SIZE",		SYSCONF,	_SC_PAGE_SIZE		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SYMLOOP_MAX)
+  { "SYMLOOP_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_SYMLOOP_MAX		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_TTY_NAME_MAX)
+  { "TTY_NAME_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_TTY_NAME_MAX	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_USER_GROUPS)
+  { "_POSIX_USER_GROUPS",	SYSCONF,	_SC_USER_GROUPS		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_USER_GROUPS_R)
+  { "_POSIX_USER_GROUPS_R",	SYSCONF,	_SC_USER_GROUPS_R	},
+#endif
+
+#if defined (_SC_AIO_LISTIO_MAX)
+  { "AIO_LISTIO_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_AIO_LISTIO_MAX	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_AIO_MAX)
+  { "AIO_MAX",			SYSCONF,	_SC_AIO_MAX		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_AIO_PRIO_DELTA_MAX)
+  { "AIO_PRIO_DELTA_MAX",	SYSCONF,	_SC_AIO_PRIO_DELTA_MAX	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_MQ_OPEN_MAX)
+  { "MQ_OPEN_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_MQ_OPEN_MAX		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_MQ_PRIO_MAX)
+  { "MQ_PRIO_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_MQ_PRIO_MAX		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_RTSIG_MAX)
+  { "RTSIG_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_RTSIG_MAX		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SEM_NSEMS_MAX)
+  { "SEM_NSEMS_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_SEM_NSEMS_MAX	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SEM_VALUE_MAX)
+  { "SEM_VALUE_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_SEM_VALUE_MAX	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_SIGQUEUE_MAX)
+  { "SIGQUEUE_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_SIGQUEUE_MAX	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_TIMER_MAX)
+  { "TIMER_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_TIMER_MAX		},
+#endif
+
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS)
+  { "PTHREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS", SYSCONF,	_SC_THREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_KEYS_MAX)
+  { "PTHREAD_KEYS_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_THREAD_KEYS_MAX },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_STACK_MIN)
+  { "PTHREAD_STACK_MIN",	SYSCONF,	_SC_THREAD_STACK_MIN },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_THREAD_THREADS_MAX)
+  { "PTHREAD_THREADS_MAX",	SYSCONF,	_SC_THREAD_THREADS_MAX },
+#endif
+
+  /* XPG 4.2 (and later) Optional Facility Configuration Values */
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_CRYPT)
+  { "_XOPEN_CRYPT",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_CRYPT		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_ENH_I18N)
+  { "_XOPEN_ENH_I18N",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_ENH_I18N	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_LEGACY)
+  { "_XOPEN_LEGACY",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_LEGACY	},
+#endif /* _SC_XOPEN_LEGACY */
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_REALTIME)
+  { "_XOPEN_REALTIME",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_REALTIME	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS)
+  { "_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS",	SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_SHM)
+  { "_XOPEN_SHM",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_SHM		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_STREAMS)
+  { "_XOPEN_STREAMS",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_STREAMS	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_UNIX)
+  { "_XOPEN_UNIX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_UNIX		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_VERSION)
+  { "_XOPEN_VERSION",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_VERSION	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_XCU_VERSION)
+  { "_XOPEN_XCU_VERSION",	SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_XCU_VERSION	},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_XPG2)
+  { "_XOPEN_XPG2",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_XPG2		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_XPG3)
+  { "_XOPEN_XPG3",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_XPG3		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_XPG4)
+  { "_XOPEN_XPG4",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_XPG4		},
+#endif
+#if defined (_SC_XOPEN_XPG5)
+  { "_XOPEN_XPG5",		SYSCONF,	_SC_XOPEN_XPG5		},
+#endif
+
+  /* POSIX.1 Configurable Pathname Values */
+#ifdef _PC_LINK_MAX
+  { "LINK_MAX",			PATHCONF,	_PC_LINK_MAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_MAX_CANON
+  { "MAX_CANON",		PATHCONF,	_PC_MAX_CANON		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_MAX_INPUT
+  { "MAX_INPUT",		PATHCONF,	_PC_MAX_INPUT		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_NAME_MAX
+  { "NAME_MAX",			PATHCONF,	_PC_NAME_MAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_PATH_MAX
+  { "PATH_MAX",			PATHCONF,	_PC_PATH_MAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_PIPE_BUF
+  { "PIPE_BUF",			PATHCONF,	_PC_PIPE_BUF		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_SYMLINK_MAX
+  { "SYMLINK_MAX",		PATHCONF,	_PC_SYMLINK_MAX		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED
+  { "_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED",	PATHCONF,	_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED	},
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_NO_TRUNC
+  { "_POSIX_NO_TRUNC",		PATHCONF,	_PC_NO_TRUNC		},
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_VDISABLE
+  { "_POSIX_VDISABLE",		PATHCONF,	_PC_VDISABLE		},
+#endif
+
+  /* XPG 4.2 Configurable Pathname Values */
+#if defined (_PC_FILESIZEBITS)
+  { "FILESIZEBITS",		PATHCONF,	_PC_FILESIZEBITS },
+#endif
+#if defined (_PC_ASYNC_IO)
+  { "_POSIX_ASYNC_IO",		PATHCONF,	_PC_ASYNC_IO },
+#endif
+#if defined (_PC_PRIO_IO)
+  { "_POSIX_PRIO_IO",		PATHCONF,	_PC_PRIO_IO },
+#endif
+#if defined (_PC_SYNC_IO)
+  { "_POSIX_SYNC_IO",		PATHCONF,	_PC_SYNC_IO },
+#endif
+
+  /* POSIX.1-200x configurable pathname values */
+#if defined (_PC_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN)
+  { "POSIX_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN",	PATHCONF,	_PC_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN },
+  { "POSIX_REC_INCR_XFER_SIZE",	PATHCONF,	_PC_REC_INCR_XFER_SIZE },
+  { "POSIX_REC_MAX_XFER_SIZE",	PATHCONF,	_PC_REC_MAX_XFER_SIZE },
+  { "POSIX_REC_MIN_XFER_SIZE",	PATHCONF,	_PC_REC_MIN_XFER_SIZE },
+  { "POSIX_REC_XFER_ALIGN",	PATHCONF,	_PC_REC_XFER_ALIGN },
+#endif
+
+  /* ANSI/ISO C, POSIX.1-200x, XPG 4.2 (and later) C language type limits. */
+  { "CHAR_BIT",			CONSTANT,	CHAR_BIT	},
+  { "CHAR_MAX",			CONSTANT,	CHAR_MAX	},
+  { "CHAR_MIN",			CONSTANT,	CHAR_MIN	},
+  { "INT_BIT",			CONSTANT,	INT_BIT		},
+  { "INT_MAX",			CONSTANT,	INT_MAX		},
+  { "INT_MIN",			CONSTANT,	INT_MIN		},
+#ifdef LLONG_MAX
+  { "LLONG_MAX",		LLCONST,	VAL_LLONG_MAX	},
+  { "LLONG_MIN",		LLCONST,	VAL_LLONG_MIN	},
+#endif
+  { "LONG_BIT",			CONSTANT,	LONG_BIT	},
+  { "LONG_MAX",			CONSTANT,	LONG_MAX	},
+  { "LONG_MIN",			CONSTANT,	LONG_MIN	},
+#ifdef MB_LEN_MAX
+  { "MB_LEN_MAX",		CONSTANT,	MB_LEN_MAX	},
+#endif
+  { "SCHAR_MAX",		CONSTANT,	SCHAR_MAX	},
+  { "SCHAR_MIN",		CONSTANT,	SCHAR_MIN	},
+  { "SHRT_MAX",			CONSTANT,	SHRT_MAX	},
+  { "SHRT_MIN",			CONSTANT,	SHRT_MIN	},
+  { "SIZE_MAX",			CONSTANT,	SIZE_MAX	},
+  { "SSIZE_MAX",		CONSTANT,	SSIZE_MAX	},
+  { "UCHAR_MAX",		CONSTANT,	UCHAR_MAX	},
+  { "UINT_MAX",			CONSTANT,	UINT_MAX	},
+#ifdef ULLONG_MAX
+  { "ULLONG_MAX",		LLCONST,	VAL_ULLONG_MAX	},
+#endif
+  { "ULONG_MAX",		CONSTANT,	ULONG_MAX	},
+  { "USHRT_MAX",		CONSTANT,	USHRT_MAX	},
+  { "WORD_BIT",			CONSTANT,	WORD_BIT	},
+
+  { NULL }
+};
+
+static int num_getconf_variables = sizeof(conf_table) / sizeof(struct conf_variable) - 1;
+
+extern char *this_command_name;
+extern char **make_builtin_argv ();
+
+static void getconf_help ();
+static int getconf_print ();
+static int getconf_one ();
+static int getconf_all ();
+
+int
+getconf_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int c, r, opt, aflag;
+  char **v;
+
+  aflag = 0;
+  reset_internal_getopt();
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "ahv:")) != -1) {
+  	switch (opt) {
+  	case 'a':
+  		aflag = 1;
+  		break;
+  	case 'h':
+  		getconf_help();
+  		return(EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+  	case 'v':
+  		break;		/* ignored */
+  	default:
+  		builtin_usage();
+  		return(EX_USAGE);
+  	}
+  }
+ 
+  list = loptend;
+  if ((aflag == 0 && list == 0) || (aflag && list) || list_length(list) > 2) {
+  	builtin_usage();
+  	return(EX_USAGE);
+  }
+
+  r = aflag ? getconf_all() : getconf_one(list);
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+static void
+getconf_help()
+{
+	const struct conf_variable *cp;
+	register int i, column;
+
+	builtin_usage();
+	printf("Acceptable variable names are:\n");
+	for (cp = conf_table; cp->name != NULL; cp++) {
+		if (cp->type == PATHCONF)
+			printf("%s pathname\n", cp->name);
+		else
+			printf("%s\n", cp->name);
+	}
+}
+
+static int
+getconf_print(cp, vpath, all)
+struct conf_variable *cp;
+char *vpath;
+int all;
+{
+	long val;
+	char *sval;
+	size_t slen;
+
+	switch (cp->type) {
+	case G_UNDEF:
+		printf("undefined\n");
+		break;
+
+#ifdef LLONG_MAX
+	case LLCONST:
+		switch (cp->value) {
+			default:
+			case VAL_LLONG_MIN:
+				printf ("%lld\n", LLONG_MIN);
+				break;
+			case VAL_LLONG_MAX:
+				printf ("%lld\n", LLONG_MAX);
+				break;
+#  if (ULLONG_MAX != LLONG_MAX)
+			case VAL_ULLONG_MAX:
+				printf ("%llu\n", ULLONG_MAX);
+				break;
+#  endif
+		}
+		break;
+#endif
+	case CONSTANT:
+		switch (cp->value) {
+			case UCHAR_MAX:
+			case USHRT_MAX:
+			case UINT_MAX:
+#if (ULONG_MAX != UINT_MAX)			
+			case ULONG_MAX:
+#endif
+#if (SIZE_MAX != UINT_MAX) && (SIZE_MAX != ULONG_MAX)
+			case SIZE_MAX:
+#endif
+
+				printf("%lu\n", cp->value);
+				break;
+			default:
+				printf("%ld\n", cp->value);
+				break;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case CONFSTR:
+		errno = 0;
+		slen = confstr (cp->value, (char *) 0, (size_t) 0);
+		if (slen == 0) {
+			if (errno != 0) {
+				if (all)
+					printf ("getconf: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+				else
+					builtin_error ("%s", strerror(errno));
+			} else
+				printf ("undefined\n");
+			return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+		}
+		sval = xmalloc(slen);
+
+		confstr(cp->value, sval, slen);
+		printf("%s\n", sval);
+		free(sval);
+		break;
+
+	case SYSCONF:
+		errno = 0;
+		if ((val = sysconf(cp->value)) == -1) {
+			if (errno != 0) {
+				if (all)
+					printf("getconf: %s\n", strerror (errno));
+				else
+					builtin_error ("%s", strerror (errno));
+				return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+			}
+
+			printf ("undefined\n");
+		} else {
+			printf("%ld\n", val);
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case PATHCONF:
+		errno = 0;
+		if ((val = pathconf(vpath, cp->value)) == -1) {
+			if (errno != 0) {
+				if (all)
+					printf("getconf: %s: %s\n", vpath, strerror (errno));
+				else
+					builtin_error ("%s: %s", vpath, strerror (errno));
+				return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+			}
+
+			printf ("undefined\n");
+		} else {
+			printf ("%ld\n", val);
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return (ferror(stdout) ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static int
+getconf_all()
+{
+	const struct conf_variable *cp;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+	for (cp = conf_table; cp->name != NULL; cp++) {
+		printf("%-35s", cp->name);
+		if (getconf_print(cp, "/", 1) == EXECUTION_FAILURE)
+			ret = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+getconf_one(list)
+	WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+	const struct conf_variable *cp;
+	char *vname, *vpath;
+
+	vname = list->word->word;
+	vpath = (list->next && list->next->word) ? list->next->word->word
+						 : (char *)NULL;
+
+	for (cp = conf_table; cp->name != NULL; cp++) {
+		if (strcmp(vname, cp->name) == 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (cp->name == NULL) {
+		builtin_error ("%s: unknown variable", vname);
+		return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	if (cp->type == PATHCONF) {
+		if (list->next == 0) {
+			builtin_usage();
+			return(EX_USAGE);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (list->next) {
+			builtin_usage();
+			return(EX_USAGE);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return (getconf_print(cp, vpath, 0));
+}
+
+static char *getconf_doc[] = {
+	"getconf writes the current value of a configurable system limit or",
+	"option variable to the standard output.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin getconf_struct = {
+	"getconf",
+	getconf_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	getconf_doc,
+	"getconf -[ah] or getconf [-v spec] sysvar or getconf [-v spec] pathvar pathname",
+	0
+};
+
+#ifndef HAVE_CONFSTR
+static size_t
+confstr (name, buf, len)
+     int name;
+     char *buf;
+     size_t len;
+{
+  switch (name)
+    {
+    case _CS_PATH:
+      if (len > 0 && buf)
+	{
+          strncpy (buf, STANDARD_UTILS_PATH, len - 1);
+          buf[len - 1] = '\0';
+	}
+      return (sizeof (STANDARD_UTILS_PATH) + 1);
+    default:
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return 0;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HAVE_SYSCONF
+extern long get_clk_tck __P((void));
+
+static long
+sysconf (name)
+     int name;
+{
+#  if defined (_POSIX_VERSION)
+  switch (name)
+    {
+    case _SC_ARG_MAX:
+      return _POSIX_ARG_MAX;
+    case _SC_CHILD_MAX:
+      return _POSIX_CHILD_MAX;
+    case _SC_CLK_TCK:
+      return get_clk_tck();
+    case _SC_NGROUPS_MAX:
+      return _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX;
+    case _SC_OPEN_MAX:
+      return _POSIX_OPEN_MAX;
+    case _SC_JOB_CONTROL:
+      return _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL;
+    case _SC_SAVED_IDS:
+      return _POSIX_SAVED_IDS;
+    case _SC_VERSION:
+      return _POSIX_VERSION;
+    case _SC_BC_BASE_MAX:
+      return _POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX;
+    case _SC_BC_DIM_MAX:
+      return _POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX;
+    case _SC_BC_SCALE_MAX:
+      return  _POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX;
+    case _SC_BC_STRING_MAX:
+      return _POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX;
+    case _SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX:
+      return  -1;
+    case _SC_EXPR_NEST_MAX:
+      return _POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX;
+    case _SC_LINE_MAX:
+      return _POSIX2_LINE_MAX;
+    case _SC_RE_DUP_MAX:
+      return _POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX;
+    case _SC_STREAM_MAX:
+      return _POSIX_STREAM_MAX;
+    case _SC_TZNAME_MAX:
+      return _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX;
+    default:
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+#else
+  errno = EINVAL;
+  return -1;
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HAVE_PATHCONF
+static long
+pathconf (path, name)
+     const char *path;
+     int name;
+{
+#if defined (_POSIX_VERSION)
+  switch (name)
+    {
+    case _PC_LINK_MAX:
+      return _POSIX_LINK_MAX;
+    case _PC_MAX_CANON:
+      return _POSIX_MAX_CANON;
+    case _PC_MAX_INPUT:
+      return _POSIX_MAX_INPUT;
+    case _PC_NAME_MAX:
+      return _POSIX_NAME_MAX;
+    case _PC_PATH_MAX:
+      return _POSIX_PATH_MAX;
+    case _PC_PIPE_BUF:
+      return _POSIX_PIPE_BUF;
+    case _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED:
+#ifdef _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED
+      return _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED;
+#else
+      return -1;
+#endif
+    case _PC_NO_TRUNC:
+#ifdef _POSIX_NO_TRUNC
+      return _POSIX_NO_TRUNC;
+#else
+      return -1;
+#endif
+    case _PC_VDISABLE:
+#ifdef _POSIX_VDISABLE
+      return _POSIX_VDISABLE;
+#else
+      return -1;
+#endif
+    default:
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+#else
+  errno = EINVAL;
+  return -1;
+#endif
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/examples/loadables/getconf.h b/examples/loadables/getconf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c84062d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/getconf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+/* getconf.h -- replacement definitions for ones the system doesn't provide. */
+
+#ifndef _GETCONF_H
+#define _GETCONF_H
+
+/* Some systems do not define these; use POSIX.2 minimum recommended values. */
+#ifndef _POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
+#  define _POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX 2
+#endif
+
+/* If we're on a posix system, but the system doesn't define the necessary
+   constants, use posix.1 minimum values. */
+#if defined (_POSIX_VERSION)
+
+#ifndef _POSIX_ARG_MAX
+#  define _POSIX_ARG_MAX	4096
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_CHILD_MAX
+#  define _POSIX_CHILD_MAX	6
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_LINK_MAX
+#  define _POSIX_LINK_MAX	8
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_MAX_CANON
+#  define _POSIX_MAX_CANON	255
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_MAX_INPUT
+#  define _POSIX_MAX_INPUT	255
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_NAME_MAX
+#  define _POSIX_NAME_MAX	14
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX
+#  define _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX	0
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_OPEN_MAX
+#  define _POSIX_OPEN_MAX	16
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_PATH_MAX
+#  define _POSIX_PATH_MAX	255
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_PIPE_BUF
+#  define _POSIX_PIPE_BUF	512
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX
+#  define _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX	32767
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_STREAM_MAX
+#  define _POSIX_STREAM_MAX	8
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX
+#  define _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX	3
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX
+#  define _POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX     99
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX
+#  define _POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX      2048
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX
+#  define _POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX    99
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX
+#  define _POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX   1000
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX
+#  define _POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX 2
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX
+#  define _POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX   32
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_LINE_MAX
+#  define _POSIX2_LINE_MAX        2048
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX
+#  define _POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX      255
+#endif
+
+/* configurable system variables */
+#if !defined (HAVE_SYSCONF)
+
+#ifndef _SC_ARG_MAX
+#  define _SC_ARG_MAX              1
+#  define _SC_CHILD_MAX            2
+#  define _SC_CLK_TCK              3
+#  define _SC_NGROUPS_MAX          4
+#  define _SC_OPEN_MAX             5
+#  define _SC_JOB_CONTROL          6
+#  define _SC_SAVED_IDS            7
+#  define _SC_VERSION              8
+#  define _SC_BC_BASE_MAX          9
+#  define _SC_BC_DIM_MAX          10
+#  define _SC_BC_SCALE_MAX        11
+#  define _SC_BC_STRING_MAX       12
+#  define _SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX    13
+#  define _SC_EXPR_NEST_MAX       14
+#  define _SC_LINE_MAX            15
+#  define _SC_RE_DUP_MAX          16
+#if 0
+#  define _SC_2_VERSION           17
+#  define _SC_2_C_BIND            18
+#  define _SC_2_C_DEV             19
+#  define _SC_2_CHAR_TERM         20
+#  define _SC_2_FORT_DEV          21
+#  define _SC_2_FORT_RUN          22
+#  define _SC_2_LOCALEDEF         23
+#  define _SC_2_SW_DEV            24
+#  define _SC_2_UPE               25
+#endif /* 0 */
+
+#  define _SC_STREAM_MAX          26
+#  define _SC_TZNAME_MAX          27
+#endif /* !_SC_ARG_MAX */
+
+#endif /* !HAVE_SYSCONF */
+
+/* configurable pathname variables */
+#if !defined (HAVE_PATHCONF)
+
+#ifndef _PC_LINK_MAX
+#define _PC_LINK_MAX             1
+#define _PC_MAX_CANON            2
+#define _PC_MAX_INPUT            3
+#define _PC_NAME_MAX             4
+#define _PC_PATH_MAX             5
+#define _PC_PIPE_BUF             6
+#define _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED     7
+#define _PC_NO_TRUNC             8
+#define _PC_VDISABLE             9
+#endif /* !_PC_LINK_MAX */
+
+#endif /* !HAVE_PATHCONF */
+
+#endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */
+
+#ifndef _CS_PATH
+#  define _CS_PATH	1
+#endif
+
+/* ANSI/ISO C, POSIX.1-200x, XPG 4.2 (and later) C language type limits.
+   Defined only if the system include files don't.  Assume a 32-bit
+   environment with signed 8-bit characters. */
+
+#ifndef CHAR_BIT
+#  define CHAR_BIT	8
+#endif
+#ifndef CHAR_MAX
+#  define CHAR_MAX	127
+#endif
+#ifndef CHAR_MIN
+#  define CHAR_MIN	-128
+#endif
+
+#ifndef INT_BIT
+#  define INT_BIT	(sizeof (int) * CHAR_BIT)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT_MAX
+#  define INT_MAX	2147483647
+#endif
+#ifndef INT_MIN
+#  define INT_MIN	(-2147483647-1)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef LONG_BIT
+#  define LONG_BIT	(sizeof (long int) * CHAR_BIT)
+#endif
+#ifndef LONG_MAX
+#  define LONG_MAX	2147483647L
+#endif
+#ifndef LONG_MIN
+#  define LONG_MIN	(-2147483647L-1L)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SCHAR_MAX
+#  define SCHAR_MAX	CHAR_MAX
+#endif
+#ifndef SCHAR_MIN
+#  define SCHAR_MIN	CHAR_MIN
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SHRT_MAX
+#  define SHRT_MAX	32767
+#endif
+#ifndef SHRT_MIN
+#  define SHRT_MIN	(-32768)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef UCHAR_MAX
+#  define UCHAR_MAX	255
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT_MAX
+#  define UINT_MAX	4294967295U
+#endif
+#ifndef ULONG_MAX
+#  define ULONG_MAX	4294967295UL
+#endif
+#ifndef USHRT_MAX
+#  define UCHAR_MAX	65535
+#endif
+
+/* assume size_t is `unsigned int'; ssize_t is `int' */
+#ifndef SIZE_MAX
+#  define SIZE_MAX	UINT_MAX
+#endif
+#ifndef SSIZE_MAX
+#  define SSIZE_MAX	INT_MAX
+#endif
+
+#ifndef WORD_BIT
+#  define WORD_BIT	(sizeof (int) * CHAR_BIT)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _GETCONF_H */
diff --git a/examples/loadables/head.c b/examples/loadables/head.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9052689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/head.c
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/* head - copy first part of files. */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include "filecntl.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include "chartypes.h"
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+static void
+munge_list (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *l, *nl;
+  WORD_DESC *wd;
+  char *arg;
+
+  for (l = list; l; l = l->next)
+    {
+      arg = l->word->word;
+      if (arg[0] != '-' || arg[1] == '-' || (DIGIT(arg[1]) == 0))
+        return;
+      /* We have -[0-9]* */
+      wd = make_bare_word (arg+1);
+      nl = make_word_list (wd, l->next);
+      l->word->word[1] = 'n';
+      l->word->word[2] = '\0';
+      l->next = nl;
+      l = nl;	/* skip over new argument */
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+file_head (fp, cnt)
+     FILE *fp;
+     int cnt;
+{
+  int ch;
+
+  while (cnt--)
+    {
+      while ((ch = getc (fp)) != EOF)
+	{
+	  if (putchar (ch) == EOF)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error ("write error: %s", strerror (errno));
+	      return EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	    }
+	  if (ch == '\n')
+	    break;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+head_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int nline, opt, rval;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+  FILE *fp;
+
+  char *t;
+
+  munge_list (list);	/* change -num into -n num */
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  nline = 10;
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "n:")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	case 'n':
+	  nline = atoi (list_optarg);
+	  if (nline <= 0)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error ("bad line count: %s", list_optarg);
+	      return (EX_USAGE);
+	    }
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    return (file_head (stdin, nline));
+
+  for (rval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS, opt = 1, l = list; l; l = l->next)
+    {
+      fp = fopen (l->word->word, "r");
+      if (fp == NULL)
+	{
+	  builtin_error ("%s: %s", l->word->word, strerror (errno));
+	  continue;
+	}
+      if (list->next)	/* more than one file */
+	{
+	  printf ("%s==> %s <==\n", opt ? "" : "\n", l->word->word);
+	  opt = 0;
+	}
+      rval = file_head (fp, nline);
+      fclose (fp);
+    }
+   
+  return (rval);
+}
+
+char *head_doc[] = {
+	"Copy the first N lines from the input files to the standard output.",
+	"N is supplied as an argument to the `-n' option.  If N is not given,",
+	"the first ten lines are copied.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin head_struct = {
+	"head",			/* builtin name */
+	head_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	head_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"head [-n num] [file ...]", /* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/hello.c b/examples/loadables/hello.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d68c6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/hello.c
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/* Sample builtin to be dynamically loaded with enable -f and create a new
+   builtin. */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+/* A builtin `xxx' is normally implemented with an `xxx_builtin' function.
+   If you're converting a command that uses the normal Unix argc/argv
+   calling convention, use argv = make_builtin_argv (list, &argc) and call
+   the original `main' something like `xxx_main'.  Look at cat.c for an
+   example.
+
+   Builtins should use internal_getopt to parse options.  It is the same as
+   getopt(3), but it takes a WORD_LIST *.  Look at print.c for an example
+   of its use.
+
+   If the builtin takes no options, call no_options(list) before doing
+   anything else.  If it returns a non-zero value, your builtin should
+   immediately return EX_USAGE.  Look at logname.c for an example.
+
+   A builtin command returns EXECUTION_SUCCESS for success and
+   EXECUTION_FAILURE to indicate failure. */
+int
+hello_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  printf("hello world\n");
+  fflush (stdout);
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+/* An array of strings forming the `long' documentation for a builtin xxx,
+   which is printed by `help xxx'.  It must end with a NULL. */
+char *hello_doc[] = {
+	"this is the long doc for the sample hello builtin",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures.  The flags must include BUILTIN_ENABLED so the
+   builtin can be used. */
+struct builtin hello_struct = {
+	"hello",		/* builtin name */
+	hello_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	hello_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"hello",		/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
+	
diff --git a/examples/loadables/id.c b/examples/loadables/id.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..945190d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/id.c
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+/*
+ * id - POSIX.2 user identity
+ *
+ * (INCOMPLETE -- supplementary groups for other users not yet done)
+ *
+ * usage: id [-Ggu] [-nr] [user]
+ *
+ * The default output format looks something like:
+ *	uid=xxx(chet) gid=xx groups=aa(aname), bb(bname), cc(cname)
+ */
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LIMITS_H
+#  include <limits.h>
+#else
+#  include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_GETPW_DECLS)
+extern struct passwd *getpwuid ();
+#endif
+extern struct group *getgrgid ();
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "stdc.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#define ID_ALLGROUPS	0x001		/* -G */
+#define ID_GIDONLY	0x002		/* -g */
+#define ID_USENAME	0x004		/* -n */
+#define ID_USEREAL	0x008		/* -r */
+#define ID_USERONLY	0x010		/* -u */
+
+#define ID_FLAGSET(s)	((id_flags & (s)) != 0)
+
+static int id_flags;
+
+static uid_t ruid, euid;
+static gid_t rgid, egid;
+
+static char *id_user;
+
+static int inituser ();
+
+static int id_pruser ();
+static int id_prgrp ();
+static int id_prgroups ();
+static int id_prall ();
+
+int
+id_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int opt;
+  char *user;
+
+  id_flags = 0;
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "Ggnru")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	case 'G': id_flags |= ID_ALLGROUPS; break;
+	case 'g': id_flags |= ID_GIDONLY; break;
+	case 'n': id_flags |= ID_USENAME; break;
+	case 'r': id_flags |= ID_USEREAL; break;
+	case 'u': id_flags |= ID_USERONLY; break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  user = list ? list->word->word : (char *)NULL;
+
+  /* Check for some invalid option combinations */
+  opt = ID_FLAGSET (ID_ALLGROUPS) + ID_FLAGSET (ID_GIDONLY) + ID_FLAGSET (ID_USERONLY);
+  if (opt > 1 || (opt == 0 && ((id_flags & (ID_USEREAL|ID_USENAME)) != 0)))
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  if (list && list->next)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  if (inituser (user) < 0)
+    return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+
+  opt = 0;
+  if (id_flags & ID_USERONLY)
+    opt += id_pruser ((id_flags & ID_USEREAL) ? ruid : euid);
+  else if (id_flags & ID_GIDONLY)
+    opt += id_prgrp ((id_flags & ID_USEREAL) ? rgid : egid);
+  else if (id_flags & ID_ALLGROUPS)
+    opt += id_prgroups (user);
+  else
+    opt += id_prall (user);
+  putchar ('\n');
+  fflush (stdout);
+
+  return (opt == 0 ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static int
+inituser (uname)
+     char *uname;
+{
+  struct passwd *pwd;
+
+  if (uname)
+    {
+      pwd = getpwnam (uname);
+      if (pwd == 0)
+	{
+	  builtin_error ("%s: no such user", uname);
+	  return -1;
+	}
+      ruid = euid = pwd->pw_uid;
+      rgid = egid = pwd->pw_gid;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      ruid = current_user.uid;
+      euid = current_user.euid;
+      rgid = current_user.gid;
+      egid = current_user.egid;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Print the name or value of user ID UID. */
+static int
+id_pruser (uid)
+     int uid;
+{
+  struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
+  int r;
+
+  r = 0;
+  if (id_flags & ID_USENAME)
+    {
+      pwd = getpwuid (uid);
+      if (pwd == NULL)
+        r = 1;
+    }
+  if (pwd)
+    printf ("%s", pwd->pw_name);
+  else
+    printf ("%u", (unsigned) uid);
+      
+  return r;
+}
+
+/* Print the name or value of group ID GID. */
+
+static int
+id_prgrp (gid)
+     int gid;
+{
+  struct group *grp = NULL;
+  int r;
+
+  r = 0;
+  if (id_flags & ID_USENAME)
+    {
+      grp = getgrgid (gid);
+      if (grp == NULL)
+	r = 1;
+    }
+
+  if (grp)
+    printf ("%s", grp->gr_name);
+  else
+    printf ("%u", (unsigned) gid);
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+static int
+id_prgroups (uname)
+     char *uname;
+{
+  int *glist, ng, i, r;
+
+  r = 0;
+  id_prgrp (rgid);
+  if (egid != rgid)
+    {
+      putchar (' ');
+      id_prgrp (egid);
+    }
+
+  if (uname)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("supplementary groups for other users not yet implemented");
+      glist = (int *)NULL;
+      ng = 0;
+      r = 1;
+    }
+  else
+    glist = get_group_array (&ng);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < ng; i++)
+    if (glist[i] != rgid && glist[i] != egid)
+      {
+	putchar (' ');
+	id_prgrp (glist[i]);
+      }
+  
+  return r;
+}
+
+static int
+id_prall (uname)
+     char *uname;
+{
+  int r, i, ng, *glist;
+  struct passwd *pwd;
+  struct group *grp;
+
+  r = 0;
+  printf ("uid=%u", (unsigned) ruid);
+  pwd = getpwuid (ruid);
+  if (pwd == NULL)
+    r = 1;
+  else
+    printf ("(%s)", pwd->pw_name);
+
+  printf (" gid=%u", (unsigned) rgid);
+  grp = getgrgid (rgid);
+  if (grp == NULL)
+    r = 1;
+  else
+    printf ("(%s)", grp->gr_name);
+
+  if (euid != ruid)
+    { 
+      printf (" euid=%u", (unsigned) euid);
+      pwd = getpwuid (euid);
+      if (pwd == NULL)
+	r = 1;
+      else 
+	printf ("(%s)", pwd->pw_name);
+    }
+
+  if (egid != rgid) 
+    {
+      printf (" egid=%u", (unsigned) egid);
+      grp = getgrgid (egid);
+      if (grp == NULL)
+	r = 1;
+      else
+	printf ("(%s)", grp->gr_name);
+    }
+
+  if (uname)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("supplementary groups for other users not yet implemented");
+      glist = (int *)NULL;
+      ng = 0;
+      r = 1;
+    }
+  else
+    glist = get_group_array (&ng);
+
+  if (ng > 0)
+    printf (" groups=");
+  for (i = 0; i < ng; i++)
+    {
+      if (i > 0)
+	printf (", ");
+      printf ("%u", (unsigned) glist[i]);
+      grp = getgrgid (glist[i]);
+      if (grp == NULL)
+	r = 1;
+      else
+	printf ("(%s)", grp->gr_name);
+    }
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+char *id_doc[] = {
+	"return information about user identity",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin id_struct = {
+	"id",
+	id_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	id_doc,
+	"id [user]\n\tid -G [-n] [user]\n\tid -g [-nr] [user]\n\tid -u [-nr] [user]",
+	0
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/ln.c b/examples/loadables/ln.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3234e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/ln.c
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/* ln - make links */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "posixstat.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+typedef int unix_link_syscall_t __P((const char *, const char *));
+
+#define LN_SYMLINK 0x01
+#define LN_UNLINK  0x02
+
+static unix_link_syscall_t *linkfn;
+static int dolink ();
+
+ln_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int rval, opt, flags;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+  char *sdir;
+  struct stat sb;
+
+  flags = 0;
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "fs")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	case 'f':
+	  flags |= LN_UNLINK;
+	  break;
+	case 's':
+	  flags |= LN_SYMLINK;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+    
+  linkfn = (flags & LN_SYMLINK) ? symlink : link;  
+
+  if (list->next == 0)			/* ln target, equivalent to ln target . */
+    return (dolink (list->word->word, ".", flags));
+
+  if (list->next->next == 0)		/* ln target source */
+    return (dolink (list->word->word, list->next->word->word, flags));
+
+  /* ln target1 target2 ... directory */
+
+  /* find last argument: target directory, and make sure it's an existing
+     directory. */
+  for (l = list; l->next; l = l->next)  
+    ;
+  sdir = l->word->word;
+
+  if (stat(sdir, &sb) < 0)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("%s", sdir);
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  if (S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode) == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  for (rval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; list != l; list = list->next)
+    rval += dolink (list->word->word, sdir, flags);
+  
+  return rval;
+}
+
+static char *
+mkdirpath (dir, file)
+     char *dir, *file;
+{
+  int dlen, flen;
+  char *ret;
+
+  dlen = strlen (dir);
+  flen = strlen (file);
+
+  ret = xmalloc (2 + dlen + flen);
+
+  strcpy (ret, dir);
+  if (ret[dlen - 1] != '/')
+    ret[dlen++] = '/';
+  strcpy (ret + dlen, file);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#if defined (HAVE_LSTAT)
+#  define LSTAT lstat
+#else
+#  define LSTAT stat
+#endif
+
+static int
+dolink (src, dst, flags)
+     char *src, *dst;
+     int flags;
+{
+  struct stat ssb, dsb;
+  int exists;
+  char *dst_path, *p;
+
+  /* If we're not doing symlinks, the source must exist and not be a 
+     directory. */
+  if ((flags & LN_SYMLINK) == 0)
+    {
+      if (stat (src, &ssb) != 0)
+	{
+	  builtin_error ("%s: %s", src, strerror (errno));
+	  return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+      if (S_ISDIR (ssb.st_mode))
+	{
+	  errno = EISDIR;
+	  builtin_error ("%s: %s", src, strerror (errno));
+	  return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* If the destination is a directory, create the final filename by appending
+     the basename of the source to the destination. */
+  dst_path = 0;
+  if ((stat (dst, &dsb) == 0) && S_ISDIR (dsb.st_mode))
+    {
+      if ((p = strrchr (src, '/')) == 0)
+	p = src;
+      else
+	p++;
+
+      dst_path = mkdirpath (dst, p);
+      dst = dst_path;
+    }
+
+  exists = LSTAT (dst, &dsb) == 0;
+
+  /* If -f was specified, and the destination exists, unlink it. */
+  if ((flags & LN_UNLINK) && exists && unlink (dst) != 0)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("%s: cannot unlink: %s", dst, strerror (errno));
+      FREE (dst_path);
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Perform the link. */
+  if ((*linkfn) (src, dst) != 0)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("cannot link %s to %s: %s", dst, src, strerror (errno));
+      FREE (dst_path);
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  FREE (dst_path);
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *ln_doc[] = {
+	"Create a new directory entry with the same modes as the original",
+	"file.  The -f option means to unlink any existing file, permitting",
+	"the link to occur.  The -s option means to create a symbolic link.",
+	"By default, ln makes hard links.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures. */
+struct builtin ln_struct = {
+	"ln",		/* builtin name */
+	ln_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	ln_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"ln [-fs] file1 [file2] OR ln [-fs] file ... directory",	/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/logname.c b/examples/loadables/logname.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00cfd19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/logname.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/* logname - print login name of current user */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+logname_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  char *np;
+
+  if (no_options (list))
+    return (EX_USAGE);
+
+  np = getlogin ();
+  if (np == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("cannot find username: %s", strerror (errno));
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+  printf ("%s\n", np);
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *logname_doc[] = {
+	"write the current user's login name to the standard output",
+	"and exit.  logname ignores the LOGNAME and USER variables.",
+	"logname ignores any non-option arguments.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+	
+struct builtin logname_struct = {
+	"logname",
+	logname_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	logname_doc,
+	"logname",
+	0
+};
+	
diff --git a/examples/loadables/mkdir.c b/examples/loadables/mkdir.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd6e5f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/mkdir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/* mkdir - make directories */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+#define ISOCTAL(c)	((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '7')
+
+extern int parse_symbolic_mode ();
+
+static int make_path ();
+
+static int original_umask;
+
+int
+mkdir_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int opt, pflag, omode, rval, octal, nmode, parent_mode, um;
+  char *mode;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  pflag = 0;
+  mode = (char *)NULL;
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt(list, "m:p")) != -1)
+    switch (opt)
+      {
+	case 'p':
+	  pflag = 1;
+	  break;
+	case 'm':
+	  mode = list_optarg;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+      }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  if (mode == NULL)
+    omode = S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO;	/* a=rwx */
+  else if (ISOCTAL (*mode))	/* octal number */
+    {
+      omode = read_octal (mode);
+      if (omode < 0)
+	{
+	  builtin_error ("invalid file mode: %s", mode);
+	  return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+      octal = 1;
+    }
+  else if (mode)
+    {
+      /* initial bits are a=rwx; the mode argument modifies them */
+      omode = parse_symbolic_mode (mode, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
+      if (omode < 0)
+	{
+	  builtin_error ("invalid file mode: %s", mode);
+	  return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+      octal = 0;
+    }
+
+  /* Make the new mode */
+  original_umask = umask (0);
+  umask (original_umask);
+
+  nmode = (S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO) & ~original_umask;
+  parent_mode = nmode | (S_IWRITE|S_IEXEC);	/* u+wx */
+
+  /* Adjust new mode based on mode argument */
+  nmode &= omode;
+
+  for (rval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS, l = list; l; l = l->next)
+    {
+      if (pflag && make_path (l->word->word, nmode, parent_mode))
+	{
+	  rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (pflag == 0 && mkdir (l->word->word, nmode) < 0)
+        {
+          builtin_error ("cannot create directory `%s': %s", l->word->word, strerror (errno));
+          rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+        }
+    }
+  return rval;
+}
+
+/* Make all the directories leading up to PATH, then create PATH.  Note that
+   this changes the process's umask; make sure that all paths leading to a
+   return reset it to ORIGINAL_UMASK */
+static int
+make_path (path, nmode, parent_mode)
+     char *path;
+     int nmode, parent_mode;
+{
+  int oumask;
+  struct stat sb;
+  char *p, *npath;
+
+  if (stat (path, &sb) == 0)
+    {
+      if (S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode) == 0)
+	{
+	  builtin_error ("`%s': file exists but is not a directory", path);
+	  return 1;
+	}
+	
+      if (chmod (path, nmode))
+        {
+          builtin_error ("%s: %s", path, strerror (errno));
+          return 1;
+        }
+
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  oumask = umask (0);
+  npath = savestring (path);	/* So we can write to it. */
+    
+  /* Check whether or not we need to do anything with intermediate dirs. */
+
+  /* Skip leading slashes. */
+  p = npath;
+  while (*p == '/')
+    p++;
+
+  while (p = strchr (p, '/'))
+    {
+      *p = '\0';
+      if (stat (npath, &sb) != 0)
+	{
+	  if (mkdir (npath, parent_mode))
+	    {
+	      builtin_error ("cannot create directory `%s': %s", npath, strerror (errno));
+	      umask (original_umask);
+	      free (npath);
+	      return 1;
+	    }
+	}
+      else if (S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode) == 0)
+        {
+          builtin_error ("`%s': file exists but is not a directory", npath);
+          umask (original_umask);
+          free (npath);
+          return 1;
+        }
+
+      *p++ = '/';	/* restore slash */
+      while (*p == '/')
+	p++;
+    }
+
+  /* Create the final directory component. */
+  if (stat (npath, &sb) && mkdir (npath, nmode))
+    {
+      builtin_error ("cannot create directory `%s': %s", npath, strerror (errno));
+      umask (original_umask);
+      free (npath);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+  umask (original_umask);
+  free (npath);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+char *mkdir_doc[] = {
+	"Make directories.  Create the directories named as arguments, in",
+	"the order specified, using mode rwxrwxrwx as modified by the current",
+	"umask (see `help umask').  The -m option causes the file permission",
+	"bits of the final directory to be MODE.  The MODE argument may be",
+	"an octal number or a symbolic mode like that used by chmod(1).  If",
+	"a symbolic mode is used, the operations are interpreted relative to",
+	"an initial mode of \"a=rwx\".  The -p option causes any required",
+	"intermediate directories in PATH to be created.  The directories",
+	"are created with permssion bits of rwxrwxrwx as modified by the current",
+	"umask, plus write and search permissions for the owner.  mkdir",
+	"returns 0 if the directories are created successfully, and non-zero",
+	"if an error occurs.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin mkdir_struct = {
+	"mkdir",
+	mkdir_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	mkdir_doc,
+	"mkdir [-p] [-m mode] directory [directory ...]",
+	0
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/necho.c b/examples/loadables/necho.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..521ee2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/necho.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* necho - echo without options or argument interpretation */
+
+/* Sample builtin to be dynamically loaded with enable -f and replace an
+   existing builtin. */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+necho_builtin (list)
+WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+	print_word_list (list, " ");
+	printf("\n");
+	fflush (stdout);
+	return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *necho_doc[] = {
+	"Print the arguments to the standard ouput separated",
+	"by space characters and terminated with a newline.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+	
+struct builtin necho_struct = {
+	"echo",
+	necho_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	necho_doc,
+	"echo [args]",
+	0
+};
+	
diff --git a/examples/loadables/pathchk.c b/examples/loadables/pathchk.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e36f8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/pathchk.c
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+/* pathchk - check pathnames for validity and portability */
+
+/* Usage: pathchk [-p] path ...
+
+   For each PATH, print a message if any of these conditions are false:
+   * all existing leading directories in PATH have search (execute) permission
+   * strlen (PATH) <= PATH_MAX
+   * strlen (each_directory_in_PATH) <= NAME_MAX
+
+   Exit status:
+   0			All PATH names passed all of the tests.
+   1			An error occurred.
+
+   Options:
+   -p			Instead of performing length checks on the
+			underlying filesystem, test the length of the
+			pathname and its components against the POSIX.1
+			minimum limits for portability, _POSIX_NAME_MAX
+			and _POSIX_PATH_MAX in 2.9.2.  Also check that
+			the pathname contains no character not in the
+			portable filename character set. */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include "posixstat.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HAVE_LIMITS_H)
+#  include <limits.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "stdc.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+#include "maxpath.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (_POSIX_PATH_MAX)
+#  define _POSIX_PATH_MAX 255
+#endif
+#if !defined (_POSIX_NAME_MAX)
+#  define _POSIX_NAME_MAX 14
+#endif
+
+/* How do we get PATH_MAX? */
+#if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined (PATH_MAX)
+#  define PATH_MAX_FOR(p) pathconf ((p), _PC_PATH_MAX)
+#endif
+
+/* How do we get NAME_MAX? */
+#if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined (NAME_MAX)
+#  define NAME_MAX_FOR(p) pathconf ((p), _PC_NAME_MAX)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (PATH_MAX_FOR)
+#  define PATH_MAX_FOR(p)	PATH_MAX
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (NAME_MAX_FOR)
+#  define NAME_MAX_FOR(p)	NAME_MAX
+#endif
+
+extern char *strerror ();
+
+static int validate_path ();
+
+pathchk_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int retval, pflag, opt;
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "p")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	case 'p':
+	  pflag = 1;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  for (retval = 0; list; list = list->next)
+    retval |= validate_path (list->word->word, pflag);
+
+  return (retval ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *pathchk_doc[] = {
+	"Check each pathname argument for validity (i.e., it may be used to",
+	"create or access a file without casuing syntax errors) and portability",
+	"(i.e., no filename truncation will result).  If the `-p' option is",
+	"supplied, more extensive portability checks are performed.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures. */
+struct builtin pathchk_struct = {
+	"pathchk",		/* builtin name */
+	pathchk_builtin,	/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	pathchk_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"pathchk [-p] pathname ...",	/* usage synopsis */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
+
+/* The remainder of this file is stolen shamelessly from `pathchk.c' in
+   the sh-utils-1.12 distribution, by 
+
+   David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+   and Jim Meyering <meyering@cs.utexas.edu> */
+
+/* Each element is nonzero if the corresponding ASCII character is
+   in the POSIX portable character set, and zero if it is not.
+   In addition, the entry for `/' is nonzero to simplify checking. */
+static char const portable_chars[256] =
+{
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 0-15 */
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 16-31 */
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, /* 32-47 */
+  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 48-63 */
+  0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* 64-79 */
+  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, /* 80-95 */
+  0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* 96-111 */
+  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 112-127 */
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+};
+
+/* If PATH contains only portable characters, return 1, else 0.  */
+
+static int
+portable_chars_only (path)
+     const char *path;
+{
+  const char *p;
+
+  for (p = path; *p; ++p)
+    if (portable_chars[(const unsigned char) *p] == 0)
+      {
+	builtin_error ("path `%s' contains nonportable character `%c'", path, *p);
+	return 0;
+      }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* On some systems, stat can return EINTR.  */
+
+#ifndef EINTR
+# define SAFE_STAT(name, buf) stat (name, buf)
+#else
+# define SAFE_STAT(name, buf) safe_stat (name, buf)
+static inline int
+safe_stat (name, buf)
+     const char *name;
+     struct stat *buf;
+{
+  int ret;
+
+  do
+    ret = stat (name, buf);
+  while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Return 1 if PATH is a usable leading directory, 0 if not,
+   2 if it doesn't exist.  */
+
+static int
+dir_ok (path)
+     const char *path;
+{
+  struct stat stats;
+
+  if (SAFE_STAT (path, &stats))
+    return 2;
+
+  if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
+    {
+      builtin_error ("`%s' is not a directory", path);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  /* Use access to test for search permission because
+     testing permission bits of st_mode can lose with new
+     access control mechanisms.  Of course, access loses if you're
+     running setuid. */
+  if (access (path, X_OK) != 0)
+    {
+      if (errno == EACCES)
+	builtin_error ("directory `%s' is not searchable", path);
+      else
+	builtin_error ("%s: %s", path, strerror (errno));
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static char *
+xstrdup (s)
+     char *s;
+{
+  return (savestring (s));
+}
+
+/* Make sure that
+   strlen (PATH) <= PATH_MAX
+   && strlen (each-existing-directory-in-PATH) <= NAME_MAX
+
+   If PORTABILITY is nonzero, compare against _POSIX_PATH_MAX and
+   _POSIX_NAME_MAX instead, and make sure that PATH contains no
+   characters not in the POSIX portable filename character set, which
+   consists of A-Z, a-z, 0-9, ., _, -.
+
+   Make sure that all leading directories along PATH that exist have
+   `x' permission.
+
+   Return 0 if all of these tests are successful, 1 if any fail. */
+
+static int
+validate_path (path, portability)
+     char *path;
+     int portability;
+{
+  int path_max;
+  int last_elem;		/* Nonzero if checking last element of path. */
+  int exists;			/* 2 if the path element exists.  */
+  char *slash;
+  char *parent;			/* Last existing leading directory so far.  */
+
+  if (portability && !portable_chars_only (path))
+    return 1;
+
+  if (*path == '\0')
+    return 0;
+
+#ifdef lint
+  /* Suppress `used before initialized' warning.  */
+  exists = 0;
+#endif
+
+  /* Figure out the parent of the first element in PATH.  */
+  parent = xstrdup (*path == '/' ? "/" : ".");
+
+  slash = path;
+  last_elem = 0;
+  while (1)
+    {
+      int name_max;
+      int length;		/* Length of partial path being checked. */
+      char *start;		/* Start of path element being checked. */
+
+      /* Find the end of this element of the path.
+	 Then chop off the rest of the path after this element. */
+      while (*slash == '/')
+	slash++;
+      start = slash;
+      slash = strchr (slash, '/');
+      if (slash != NULL)
+	*slash = '\0';
+      else
+	{
+	  last_elem = 1;
+	  slash = strchr (start, '\0');
+	}
+
+      if (!last_elem)
+	{
+	  exists = dir_ok (path);
+	  if (dir_ok == 0)
+	    {
+	      free (parent);
+	      return 1;
+	    }
+	}
+
+      length = slash - start;
+      /* Since we know that `parent' is a directory, it's ok to call
+	 pathconf with it as the argument.  (If `parent' isn't a directory
+	 or doesn't exist, the behavior of pathconf is undefined.)
+	 But if `parent' is a directory and is on a remote file system,
+	 it's likely that pathconf can't give us a reasonable value
+	 and will return -1.  (NFS and tempfs are not POSIX . . .)
+	 In that case, we have no choice but to assume the pessimal
+	 POSIX minimums.  */
+      name_max = portability ? _POSIX_NAME_MAX : NAME_MAX_FOR (parent);
+      if (name_max < 0)
+	name_max = _POSIX_NAME_MAX;
+      if (length > name_max)
+	{
+	  builtin_error ("name `%s' has length %d; exceeds limit of %d",
+		 start, length, name_max);
+	  free (parent);
+	  return 1;
+	}
+
+      if (last_elem)
+	break;
+
+      if (exists == 1)
+	{
+	  free (parent);
+	  parent = xstrdup (path);
+	}
+
+      *slash++ = '/';
+    }
+
+  /* `parent' is now the last existing leading directory in the whole path,
+     so it's ok to call pathconf with it as the argument.  */
+  path_max = portability ? _POSIX_PATH_MAX : PATH_MAX_FOR (parent);
+  if (path_max < 0)
+    path_max = _POSIX_PATH_MAX;
+  free (parent);
+  if (strlen (path) > path_max)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("path `%s' has length %d; exceeds limit of %d",
+	     path, strlen (path), path_max);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/examples/loadables/perl/Makefile.in b/examples/loadables/perl/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3af9b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/perl/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#
+# Makefile for builtin perl interpreter
+#
+#
+# Copyright (C) 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.     
+
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+# any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
+
+# Include some boilerplate Gnu makefile definitions.
+prefix = @prefix@
+
+exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
+bindir = @bindir@
+libdir = @libdir@
+infodir = @infodir@
+includedir = @includedir@
+
+topdir = @top_srcdir@
+BUILD_DIR = @BUILD_DIR@
+srcdir = @srcdir@
+VPATH = .:@srcdir@
+
+@SET_MAKE@
+CC = @CC@
+RM = rm -f
+
+SHELL = @MAKE_SHELL@
+
+PERL5 = perl5
+
+CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@
+
+#
+# These values are generated for configure by ${topdir}/support/shobj-conf.
+# If your system is not supported by that script, but includes facilities for
+# dynamic loading of shared objects, please update the script and send the
+# changes to bash-maintainers@gnu.org.
+#
+SHOBJ_CC = @SHOBJ_CC@
+SHOBJ_CFLAGS = @SHOBJ_CFLAGS@
+SHOBJ_LD = @SHOBJ_LD@
+SHOBJ_LDFLAGS = @SHOBJ_LDFLAGS@
+SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS = @SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS@
+SHOBJ_LIBS = @SHOBJ_LIBS@
+SHOBJ_STATUS = @SHOBJ_STATUS@
+
+# Values used for compiling the perl files
+PERL_LDOPTS = `${PERL5} -MExtUtils::Embed -e ldopts`
+PERL_CFLAGS = ${CCFLAGS} `${PERL5} -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts`
+
+SRC = bperl.c iperl.c perlxsi.c
+OBJ = bperl.o iperl.o perlxsi.o
+
+BUILTIN = bperl5
+
+INC = -I. -I.. -I$(topdir) -I$(topdir)/lib -I$(topdir)/builtins \
+      -I$(topdir)/include -I$(BUILD_DIR) -I$(BUILD_DIR)/lib \
+      -I$(BUILD_DIR)/builtins
+
+
+${BUILTIN}:	${OBJ}
+	${RM} $@
+	${SHOBJ_LD} ${SHOBJ_LDFLAGS} ${SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS} -o $@ ${OBJ} ${PERL_LDOPTS} ${SHOBJ_LIBS}
+
+bperl.o:	bperl.c
+	${RM} $@
+	$(SHOBJ_CC) $(SHOBJ_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(INC) -c -o $@ ${srcdir}/bperl.c
+
+iperl.o:	iperl.c
+	${RM} $@
+	$(SHOBJ_CC) ${SHOBJ_CFLAGS} $(PERL_CFLAGS) -c -o $@ ${srcdir}/iperl.c
+
+perlxsi.c:
+	${PERL5} -MExtUtils::Embed -e xsinit -- -o $@
+
+perlxsi.o:	perlxsi.c
+	${RM} $@
+	${SHOBJ_CC} ${SHOBJ_CFLAGS} $(PERL_CFLAGS) -c -o $@ perlxsi.c
+
+clean mostlyclean:
+	${RM} ${OBJ}
+	${RM} ${BUILTIN}
+
+distclean maintainer-clean: clean
+	${RM} perlxsi.c
diff --git a/examples/loadables/perl/README b/examples/loadables/perl/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a70a99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/perl/README
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+This illustrates how to build a perl interpreter into bash.  It's not
+especially useful; more a proof of concept (it provides none of the
+bash internals to the perl interpreter, for example).
+
+This *may* require adding "-rpath /path/to/perl/CORE" and -lperl options
+when compiling bash itself.
diff --git a/examples/loadables/perl/bperl.c b/examples/loadables/perl/bperl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77e3f7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/perl/bperl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * perl builtin
+ */
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+extern char **make_builtin_argv ();
+extern char **export_env;
+
+extern int perl_main();
+
+bperl_builtin(list)
+WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+	char	**v;
+	int	c, r;
+
+	v = make_builtin_argv(list, &c);
+	r = perl_main(c, v, export_env);
+	free(v);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+char *bperl_doc[] = {
+	"An interface to a perl5 interpreter.",
+	(char *)0
+};
+
+struct builtin bperl_struct = {
+	"bperl",
+	bperl_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	bperl_doc,
+	"bperl [perl options] [file ...]",
+	0
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/perl/iperl.c b/examples/loadables/perl/iperl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92a6038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/perl/iperl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include <EXTERN.h>               /* from the Perl distribution     */
+#include <perl.h>                 /* from the Perl distribution     */
+
+extern void xs_init _((void));
+
+static PerlInterpreter *iperl;  /***    The Perl interpreter    ***/
+
+int
+perl_main(int argc, char **argv, char **env)
+{
+	int	r;
+
+	iperl = perl_alloc();
+	perl_construct(iperl);
+	perl_parse(iperl, xs_init, argc, argv, (char **)NULL);
+	r = perl_run(iperl);
+
+PerlIO_flush(PerlIO_stdout());
+PerlIO_flush(PerlIO_stderr());
+
+	perl_destruct(iperl);
+	perl_free(iperl);
+	return (r);
+}
diff --git a/examples/loadables/print.c b/examples/loadables/print.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad658a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/print.c
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*
+ * print -- loadable ksh-93 style print builtin
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "stdc.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+int print_builtin ();
+static int printargs ();
+
+static FILE *ofp;
+
+extern char *this_command_name;
+
+static char *print_doc[] = {
+  "Output the arguments.  The -f option means to use the argument as a",
+  "format string as would be supplied to printf(1).  The rest of the",
+  "options are as in ksh.",
+  (char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin print_struct = {
+	"print",
+	print_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	print_doc,
+	"print [-Rnprs] [-u unit] [-f format] [arguments]",
+	(char *)0
+};
+
+#ifndef ISOPTION
+#define ISOPTION(s, c)	(s[0] == '-' && s[2] == '\0' && s[1] == c)
+#endif
+
+int
+print_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int c, r, nflag, raw, ofd, sflag;
+  intmax_t lfd;
+  char **v, *pfmt, *arg;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+
+  nflag = raw = sflag = 0;
+  ofd = 1;
+  pfmt = 0;
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((c = internal_getopt (list, "Rnprsu:f:")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (c)
+	{
+	case 'R':
+	  raw = 2;
+	  loptend = lcurrent;
+	  if (loptend && ISOPTION (loptend->word->word, 'n'))
+	    {
+	      loptend = loptend->next;
+	      nflag = 1;
+	    }
+	  goto opt_end;
+	case 'r':
+	  raw = 1;
+	  break;
+	case 'n':
+	  nflag = 1;
+	  break;
+	case 's':
+	  sflag = 1;
+	  break;
+	case 'p':
+	  break;	/* NOP */
+	case 'u':
+	  if (all_digits (list_optarg) && legal_number (list_optarg, &lfd) && lfd == (int)lfd)
+	    ofd = lfd;
+	  else
+	    {
+	      for (l = list; l->next && l->next != lcurrent; l = l->next);
+	      lcurrent = loptend = l;
+	      goto opt_end;
+	    }
+	  break;
+	case 'f':
+	  pfmt = list_optarg;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+
+opt_end:
+  list = loptend;
+
+  ofp = (ofd == 1) ? stdout : fdopen (dup (ofd), "w");
+
+  if (pfmt)
+    {
+      WORD_DESC *w;
+      WORD_LIST *nlist;
+
+      w = make_word (pfmt);
+      nlist = make_word_list (w, list);
+      r = printf_builtin (nlist);
+      nlist->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+      dispose_words (nlist);
+      return (r);
+    }
+
+  if (raw)
+    {
+      for (l = list; l; l = l->next)
+	{
+	  fprintf (ofp, "%s", l->word->word);
+	  if (l->next)
+	    fprintf (ofp, " ");
+	}
+      if (nflag == 0)
+	fprintf (ofp, "\n");
+      fflush (ofp);
+      return (0);	
+    }
+        
+  r = printargs (list, ofp);
+  if (r && nflag == 0)
+    fprintf (ofp, "\n");
+  if (ofd != 1)
+    fclose (ofp);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+printargs (list, ofp)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+     FILE *ofp;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+  char *ostr;
+  int sawc;
+
+  for (sawc = 0, l = list; l; l = l->next)
+    {
+      ostr = ansicstr (l->word->word, strlen (l->word->word), 0, &sawc, (int *)0);
+      fprintf (ofp, "%s", ostr);
+      free (ostr);
+      if (sawc)
+        return (0);
+      if (l->next)
+        fprintf (ofp, " ");
+    }
+  return (1);
+}
diff --git a/examples/loadables/printenv.c b/examples/loadables/printenv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16f398f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/printenv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * printenv -- minimal builtin clone of BSD printenv(1).
+ *
+ * usage: printenv [varname]
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+extern char **export_env;
+
+int
+printenv_builtin (list) 
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  register char **envp;
+  int opt;
+  SHELL_VAR *var;
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  /* printenv */
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      maybe_make_export_env ();		/* this allows minimal code */
+      for (envp = export_env; *envp; envp++)
+	printf ("%s\n", *envp);
+      return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+    }
+
+  /* printenv varname */
+  var = find_variable (list->word->word);
+  if (var == 0 || (exported_p (var) == 0))
+    return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+
+  if (function_p (var))
+    print_var_function (var);
+  else
+    print_var_value (var, 0);
+
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *printenv_doc[] = {
+	"print values of environment variables",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin printenv_struct = {
+	"printenv",
+	printenv_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	printenv_doc,
+	"printenv [varname]",
+	0
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/push.c b/examples/loadables/push.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..497ecd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/push.c
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * push - anyone remember TOPS-20?
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "jobs.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+extern int dollar_dollar_pid;
+extern int last_command_exit_value;
+
+int
+push_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  pid_t pid;
+  int xstatus, opt;
+
+  xstatus = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;  
+
+  pid = make_child (savestring ("push"), 0);
+  if (pid == -1)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("cannot fork: %s", strerror (errno));
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+  else if (pid == 0)
+    {
+      /* Shell variable adjustments: $SHLVL, $$, $PPID, $! */
+      adjust_shell_level (1);
+      dollar_dollar_pid = getpid ();
+      set_ppid ();
+
+      /* Clean up job control stuff. */
+      stop_making_children ();
+      cleanup_the_pipeline ();
+      delete_all_jobs (0);
+
+      last_asynchronous_pid = NO_PID;
+
+      /* Make sure the job control code has the right values for
+	 the shell's process group and tty process group, and that
+	 the signals are set correctly for job control. */
+      initialize_job_control (0);
+      initialize_job_signals ();
+
+      /* And read commands until exit. */
+      reader_loop ();
+      exit_shell (last_command_exit_value);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      stop_pipeline (0, (COMMAND *)NULL);
+      xstatus = wait_for (pid);
+      return (xstatus);
+    }   
+}
+
+char *push_doc[] = {
+	"Create a child that is an exact duplicate of the running shell",
+	"and wait for it to exit.  The $SHLVL, $!, $$, and $PPID variables",
+	"are adjusted in the child.  The return value is the exit status",
+	"of the child.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin push_struct = {
+	"push",
+	push_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	push_doc,
+	"push",
+	0
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/realpath.c b/examples/loadables/realpath.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16478b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/realpath.c
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * realpath -- canonicalize pathnames, resolving symlinks
+ *
+ * usage: realpath [-csv] pathname [pathname...]
+ *
+ * options:	-c	check whether or not each resolved path exists
+ *		-s	no output, exit status determines whether path is valid
+ *		-v	produce verbose output
+ *
+ *
+ * exit status:	0	if all pathnames resolved
+ *		1	if any of the pathname arguments could not be resolved
+ *
+ *
+ * Bash loadable builtin version
+ *
+ * Chet Ramey
+ * chet@po.cwru.edu
+ */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include <maxpath.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int	errno;
+#endif
+
+extern char	*sh_realpath();
+
+realpath_builtin(list)
+WORD_LIST	*list;
+{
+	int	opt, cflag, vflag, sflag, es;
+	char	*r, realbuf[PATH_MAX], *p;
+	struct stat sb;
+
+	if (list == 0) {
+		builtin_usage();
+		return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	vflag = cflag = sflag = 0;
+	reset_internal_getopt();
+	while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "csv")) != -1) {
+		switch (opt) {
+		case 'c':
+			cflag = 1;
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			sflag = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			vflag = 1;
+			break;
+		default:
+			usage();
+		}
+	}
+
+	list = loptend;
+
+	if (list == 0)
+		usage();
+
+	for (es = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; list; list = list->next) {
+		p = list->word->word;
+		r = sh_realpath(p, realbuf);
+		if (r == 0) {
+			es = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+			if (sflag == 0)
+				builtin_error("%s: cannot resolve: %s", p, strerror(errno));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (cflag && (stat(realbuf, &sb) < 0)) {
+			es = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+			if (sflag == 0)
+				builtin_error("%s: %s", p, strerror(errno));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (sflag == 0) {
+			if (vflag)
+				printf ("%s -> ", p);
+			printf("%s\n", realbuf);
+		}
+	}
+	return es;
+}
+
+char *realpath_doc[] = {
+	"Display the canonicalized version of each PATHNAME argument, resolving",
+	"symbolic links.  The -c option checks whether or not each resolved name",
+	"exists.  The -s option produces no output; the exit status determines the",
+	"valididty of each PATHNAME.  The -v option produces verbose output.  The",
+	"exit status is 0 if each PATHNAME was resolved; non-zero otherwise.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin realpath_struct = {
+	"realpath",		/* builtin name */
+	realpath_builtin,	/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	realpath_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings */
+	"realpath [-csv] pathname [pathname...]",	/* usage synopsis */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/rmdir.c b/examples/loadables/rmdir.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d0f06a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/rmdir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/* rmdir - remove directory */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+rmdir_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int rval;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+
+  if (no_options (list))
+    return (EX_USAGE);
+
+  for (rval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS, l = list; l; l = l->next)
+    if (rmdir (l->word->word) < 0)
+      {
+	builtin_error ("%s: %s", l->word->word, strerror (errno));
+	rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+      }
+
+  return rval;
+}
+
+char *rmdir_doc[] = {
+	"rmdir removes the directory entry specified by each argument,",
+	"provided the directory is empty.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures. */
+struct builtin rmdir_struct = {
+	"rmdir",		/* builtin name */
+	rmdir_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	rmdir_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"rmdir directory ...",	/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/sleep.c b/examples/loadables/sleep.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10a62cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/sleep.c
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * sleep -- sleep for fractions of a second
+ *
+ * usage: sleep seconds[.fraction]
+ */
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+
+#if defined (TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME)
+#  include <sys/time.h>
+#  include <time.h>
+#else
+#  if defined (HAVE_SYS_TIME_H)
+#    include <sys/time.h>
+#  else
+#    include <time.h>
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "chartypes.h"
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+
+#define RETURN(x) \
+	do { \
+		if (sp) *sp = sec; \
+		if (usp) *usp = usec; \
+		return (x); \
+	} while (0)
+
+#if defined (HAVE_TIMEVAL) && defined (HAVE_SELECT)
+static int
+fsleep(sec, usec)
+long	sec, usec;
+{
+	struct timeval tv;
+
+	tv.tv_sec = sec;
+	tv.tv_usec = usec;
+
+	return select(0, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &tv);
+}
+#else /* !HAVE_TIMEVAL || !HAVE_SELECT */
+static int
+fsleep(sec, usec)
+long	sec, usec;
+{
+	if (usec >= 500000)	/* round */
+		sec++;
+	return (sleep(sec));
+}
+#endif /* !HAVE_TIMEVAL || !HAVE_SELECT */
+
+/*
+ * An incredibly simplistic floating point converter.
+ */
+static int multiplier[7] = { 1, 100000, 10000, 1000, 100, 10, 1 };
+
+static int
+convert(s, sp, usp)
+char	*s;
+long	*sp, *usp;
+{
+	int n;
+	long sec, usec;
+	char	*p;
+
+	sec = usec = 0;
+
+#define DECIMAL	'.'
+
+	for (p = s; p && *p; p++) {
+		if (*p == DECIMAL)		/* decimal point */
+			break;
+		if (DIGIT(*p) == 0)
+			RETURN(0);
+		sec = (sec * 10) + (*p - '0');
+	}
+
+	if (*p == 0)
+		RETURN(1);
+
+	if (*p == DECIMAL)
+		p++;
+
+	/* Look for up to six digits past a decimal point. */
+	for (n = 0; n < 6 && p[n]; n++) {
+		if (DIGIT(p[n]) == 0)
+			RETURN(0);
+		usec = (usec * 10) + (p[n] - '0');
+	}
+
+	/* Now convert to millionths */
+	usec *= multiplier[n];
+
+	if (n == 6 && p[6] >= '5' && p[6] <= '9')
+		usec++;			/* round up 1 */
+
+	RETURN(1);
+}
+
+int
+sleep_builtin (list)
+WORD_LIST	*list;
+{
+	long	sec, usec;
+
+	if (list == 0) {
+		builtin_usage();
+		return(EX_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	if (*list->word->word == '-' || list->next) {
+		builtin_usage ();
+		return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+
+    	if (convert(list->word->word, &sec, &usec)) {
+		fsleep(sec, usec);
+		return(EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+    	}
+
+	builtin_error("%s: bad sleep interval", list->word->word);
+	return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static char *sleep_doc[] = {
+	"sleep suspends execution for a minimum of SECONDS[.FRACTION] seconds.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin sleep_struct = {
+	"sleep",
+	sleep_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	sleep_doc,
+	"sleep seconds[.fraction]",
+	0
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/strftime.c b/examples/loadables/strftime.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92f489e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/strftime.c
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/* strftime - loadable builtin interface to strftime(3) */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "posixtime.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "common.h"
+
+int
+strftime_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  char *format, *tbuf;
+  size_t tbsize, tsize;
+  time_t secs;
+  struct tm *t;
+  int n;
+  intmax_t i;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  if (no_options (list))
+    return (EX_USAGE);
+
+  format = list->word->word;
+  if (format == 0 || *format == 0)
+    {
+      printf ("\n");
+      return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+    }
+
+  list = list->next;
+
+  if (list && list->word->word)
+    {
+      n = legal_number (list->word->word, &i);
+      if (n == 0 || i < 0 || i != (time_t)i)
+	{
+	  sh_invalidnum (list->word->word);
+	  return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+      else
+        secs = i;
+    }
+  else
+    secs = NOW;
+
+  t = localtime (&secs);
+
+  tbsize = strlen (format) * 4;
+  tbuf = 0;
+
+  /* Now try to figure out how big the buffer should really be.  strftime(3)
+     will return the number of bytes placed in the buffer unless it's greater
+     than MAXSIZE, in which case it returns 0. */
+  for (n = 1; n < 4; n++)
+    {
+      tbuf = xrealloc (tbuf, tbsize * n);
+      tsize = strftime (tbuf, tbsize * n, format, t);
+      if (tsize)
+        break;
+    }
+
+  printf ("%s\n", tbuf);
+  free (tbuf);
+
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+/* An array of strings forming the `long' documentation for a builtin xxx,
+   which is printed by `help xxx'.  It must end with a NULL. */
+char *strftime_doc[] = {
+	"Converts date and time format to a string and displays it on the",
+	"standard output.  If the optional second argument is supplied, it",
+	"is used as the number of seconds since the epoch to use in the",
+	"conversion, otherwise the current time is used.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures.  The flags must include BUILTIN_ENABLED so the
+   builtin can be used. */
+struct builtin strftime_struct = {
+	"strftime",		/* builtin name */
+	strftime_builtin,	/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	strftime_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"strftime format [seconds]",	/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/sync.c b/examples/loadables/sync.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44d4e09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/sync.c
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/* sync - sync the disks by forcing pending filesystem writes to complete */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+sync_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  sync();
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *sync_doc[] = {
+	"force completion of pending disk writes",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin sync_struct = {
+	"sync",			/* builtin name */
+	sync_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	sync_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"sync",			/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/tee.c b/examples/loadables/tee.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..934abda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/tee.c
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/* tee - duplicate standard input */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include "filecntl.h"
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+typedef struct flist {
+  struct flist *next;
+  int fd;
+  char *fname;
+} FLIST;
+
+static FLIST *tee_flist;
+
+#define TEE_BUFSIZE	8192
+
+extern int interrupt_immediately;
+
+extern char *strerror ();
+
+tee_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int opt, append, nointr, rval, fd, fflags;
+  int n, nr, nw;
+  FLIST *fl;
+  char *buf, *bp;
+
+  char *t;
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  append = nointr = 0;
+  tee_flist = (FLIST *)NULL;
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "ai")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	case 'a':
+	  append = 1;
+	  break;
+	case 'i':
+	  nointr = 1;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  if (nointr == 0)
+    interrupt_immediately++;
+
+  buf = xmalloc (TEE_BUFSIZE);
+
+  /* Initialize output file list. */
+  fl = tee_flist = (FLIST *)xmalloc (sizeof(FLIST));
+  tee_flist->fd = 1;
+  tee_flist->fname = "stdout";
+  tee_flist->next = (FLIST *)NULL;
+
+  /* Add file arguments to list of output files. */
+  fflags = append ? O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND : O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC;
+  for (rval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; list; list = list->next)
+    {
+      fd = open (list->word->word, fflags, 0666);
+      if (fd < 0)
+        {
+          builtin_error ("%s: cannot open: %s", list->word->word, strerror (errno));
+          rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          fl->next = (FLIST *)xmalloc (sizeof(FLIST));
+          fl->next->fd = fd;
+          fl->next->fname = list->word->word;
+          fl = fl->next;
+          fl->next = (FLIST *)NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+  while ((nr = read(0, buf, TEE_BUFSIZE)) > 0)
+    for (fl = tee_flist; fl; fl = fl->next)
+      {
+	n = nr;
+	bp = buf;
+	do
+	  {
+	    if ((nw = write (fl->fd, bp, n)) == -1)
+	      {
+		builtin_error ("%s: write error: %s", fl->fname, strerror (errno));
+		rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+		break;
+	      }
+            bp += nw;
+	  }
+	while (n -= nw);
+      }
+  if (nr < 0)
+    builtin_error ("read error: %s", strerror (errno));
+
+  /* Deallocate resources -- this is a builtin command. */
+  tee_flist = tee_flist->next;		/* skip bogus close of stdout */
+  while (tee_flist)
+    {
+      fl = tee_flist;
+      if (close (fl->fd) < 0)
+	{
+	  builtin_error ("%s: close_error: %s", fl->fname, strerror (errno));
+	  rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	}
+      tee_flist = tee_flist->next;
+      free (fl);
+    }
+  
+  return (rval);
+}
+
+char *tee_doc[] = {
+	"Copy standard input to standard output, making a copy in each",
+	"filename argument.  If the `-a' option is gived, the specified",
+	"files are appended to, otherwise they are overwritten.  If the",
+	"`-i' option is supplied, tee ignores interrupts.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin tee_struct = {
+	"tee",			/* builtin name */
+	tee_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	tee_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"tee [-ai] [file ...]",	/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/template.c b/examples/loadables/template.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bb3f9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/template.c
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/* template - example template for loadable builtin */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+extern char *strerror ();
+
+template_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int opt, rval;
+
+  rval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  return (rval);
+}
+
+char *template_doc[] = {
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin template_struct = {
+	"template",			/* builtin name */
+	template_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,		/* initial flags for builtin */
+	template_doc,			/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"template",			/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0				/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/truefalse.c b/examples/loadables/truefalse.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e77c74c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/truefalse.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/* true and false builtins */
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+
+true_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  return EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+false_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  return EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+}
+
+static char *true_doc[] = {
+	"Return a successful result.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+static char *false_doc[] = {
+	"Return an unsuccessful result.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin true_struct = {
+	"true",
+	true_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	true_doc,
+	"true",
+	0
+};
+
+struct builtin false_struct = {
+	"false",
+	false_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	false_doc,
+	"false",
+	0
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/tty.c b/examples/loadables/tty.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2183123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/tty.c
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/* tty - return terminal name */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+extern char *ttyname ();
+
+tty_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int opt, sflag;
+  char *t;
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  sflag = 0;
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "s")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	case 's':
+	  sflag = 1;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  t = ttyname (0);
+  if (sflag == 0)
+    puts (t ? t : "not a tty");
+  return (t ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+}
+
+char *tty_doc[] = {
+	"tty writes the name of the terminal that is opened for standard",
+	"input to standard output.  If the `-s' option is supplied, nothing",
+	"is written; the exit status determines whether or not the standard",
+	"input is connected to a tty.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures. */
+struct builtin tty_struct = {
+	"tty",			/* builtin name */
+	tty_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	tty_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"tty [-s]",		/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/uname.c b/examples/loadables/uname.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f450cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/uname.c
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * uname - print system information
+ *
+ * usage: uname [-amnrsv]
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNAME)
+#  include <sys/utsname.h>
+#else
+struct utsname {
+	char	sysname[32];
+	char	nodename[32];
+	char	release[32];
+	char	version[32];
+	char	machine[32];
+};
+#endif
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#define FLAG_SYSNAME	0x01	/* -s */
+#define FLAG_NODENAME	0x02	/* -n */
+#define FLAG_RELEASE	0x04	/* -r */
+#define FLAG_VERSION	0x08	/* -v */
+#define FLAG_MACHINE	0x10	/* -m, -p */
+
+#define FLAG_ALL	0x1f
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+static void uprint();
+
+static int uname_flags;
+
+uname_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int opt, r;
+  struct utsname uninfo;
+
+  uname_flags = 0;
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "amnprsv")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	case 'a':
+	  uname_flags |= FLAG_ALL;
+	  break;
+	case 'm':
+	case 'p':
+	  uname_flags |= FLAG_MACHINE;
+	  break;
+	case 'n':
+	  uname_flags |= FLAG_NODENAME;
+	  break;
+	case 'r':
+	  uname_flags |= FLAG_RELEASE;
+	  break;
+	case 's':
+	  uname_flags |= FLAG_SYSNAME;
+	  break;
+	case 'v':
+	  uname_flags |= FLAG_VERSION;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  if (list)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  if (uname_flags == 0)
+    uname_flags = FLAG_SYSNAME;
+
+  /* Only ancient systems will not have uname(2). */
+#ifdef HAVE_UNAME
+  if (uname (&uninfo) < 0)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("cannot get system name: %s", strerror (errno));
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+#else
+  builtin_error ("cannot get system information: uname(2) not available");
+  return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+#endif
+
+  uprint (FLAG_SYSNAME, uninfo.sysname);
+  uprint (FLAG_NODENAME, uninfo.nodename);
+  uprint (FLAG_RELEASE, uninfo.release);
+  uprint (FLAG_VERSION, uninfo.version);
+  uprint (FLAG_MACHINE, uninfo.machine);
+
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static void
+uprint (flag, info)
+     int flag;
+     char *info;
+{
+  if (uname_flags & flag)
+    {
+      uname_flags &= ~flag;
+      printf ("%s%c", info, uname_flags ? ' ' : '\n');
+    }
+}
+
+char *uname_doc[] = {
+	"display information about the system",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin uname_struct = {
+	"uname",
+	uname_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	uname_doc,
+	"uname [-amnrsv]",
+	0
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/unlink.c b/examples/loadables/unlink.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c81ad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/unlink.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/* unlink - remove a directory entry */
+
+/* Should only be used to remove directories by a superuser prepared to let
+   fsck clean up the file system. */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+unlink_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  if (unlink (list->word->word) != 0)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("%s: cannot unlink: %s", list->word->word, strerror (errno));
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *unlink_doc[] = {
+	"Remove a directory entry.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin unlink_struct = {
+	"unlink",		/* builtin name */
+	unlink_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	unlink_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"unlink name",		/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/whoami.c b/examples/loadables/whoami.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41fd5c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/whoami.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * whoami - print out username of current user
+ */
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+whoami_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int opt;
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+  if (list)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  if (current_user.user_name == 0)
+    get_current_user_info ();
+  printf ("%s\n", current_user.user_name);
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *whoami_doc[] = {
+	"display name of current user",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin whoami_struct = {
+	"whoami",
+	whoami_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	whoami_doc,
+	"whoami",
+	0
+};