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.. _capabilities:
************
Capabilities
************
- Setting a default locale
- Setting an instance hostname
- Generating instance SSH private keys
- Adding SSH keys to a user's ``.ssh/authorized_keys`` so they can log in
- Setting up ephemeral mount points
- Configuring network devices
User configurability
====================
`Cloud-init`_ 's behavior can be configured via user-data.
User-data can be given by the user at instance launch time.
This is done via the ``--user-data`` or ``--user-data-file`` argument to
ec2-run-instances for example.
* Check your local clients documentation for how to provide a `user-data`
string or `user-data` file for usage by cloud-init on instance creation.
Feature detection
=================
Newer versions of cloud-init may have a list of additional features that they
support. This allows other applications to detect what features the installed
cloud-init supports without having to parse its version number. If present,
this list of features will be located at ``cloudinit.version.FEATURES``.
Currently defined feature names include:
- ``NETWORK_CONFIG_V1`` support for v1 networking configuration,
see :ref:`network_config_v1` documentation for examples.
- ``NETWORK_CONFIG_V2`` support for v2 networking configuration,
see :ref:`network_config_v2` documentation for examples.
CLI Interface
=============
The command line documentation is accessible on any cloud-init installed
system:
.. code-block:: shell-session
% cloud-init --help
usage: cloud-init [-h] [--version] [--file FILES]
[--debug] [--force]
{init,modules,single,dhclient-hook,features,analyze,devel,collect-logs,clean,status}
...
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--version, -v show program's version number and exit
--file FILES, -f FILES
additional yaml configuration files to use
--debug, -d show additional pre-action logging (default: False)
--force force running even if no datasource is found (use at
your own risk)
Subcommands:
{init,modules,single,dhclient-hook,features,analyze,devel,collect-logs,clean,status}
init initializes cloud-init and performs initial modules
modules activates modules using a given configuration key
single run a single module
dhclient-hook run the dhclient hookto record network info
features list defined features
analyze Devel tool: Analyze cloud-init logs and data
devel Run development tools
collect-logs Collect and tar all cloud-init debug info
clean Remove logs and artifacts so cloud-init can re-run.
status Report cloud-init status or wait on completion.
CLI Subcommand details
======================
.. _cli_features:
cloud-init features
-------------------
Print out each feature supported. If cloud-init does not have the
features subcommand, it also does not support any features described in
this document.
.. code-block:: shell-session
% cloud-init features
NETWORK_CONFIG_V1
NETWORK_CONFIG_V2
.. _cli_status:
cloud-init status
-----------------
Report whether cloud-init is running, done, disabled or errored. Exits
non-zero if an error is detected in cloud-init.
* **--long**: Detailed status information.
* **--wait**: Block until cloud-init completes.
.. code-block:: shell-session
% cloud-init status --long
status: done
time: Wed, 17 Jan 2018 20:41:59 +0000
detail:
DataSourceNoCloud [seed=/var/lib/cloud/seed/nocloud-net][dsmode=net]
# Cloud-init running still short versus long options
% cloud-init status
status: running
% cloud-init status --long
status: running
time: Fri, 26 Jan 2018 21:39:43 +0000
detail:
Running in stage: init-local
.. _cli_collect_logs:
cloud-init collect-logs
-----------------------
Collect and tar cloud-init generated logs, data files and system
information for triage. This subcommand is integrated with apport.
**Note**: Ubuntu users can file bugs with `ubuntu-bug cloud-init` to
automaticaly attach these logs to a bug report.
Logs collected are:
* /var/log/cloud-init*log
* /run/cloud-init
* cloud-init package version
* dmesg output
* journalctl output
* /var/lib/cloud/instance/user-data.txt
.. _cli_analyze:
cloud-init analyze
------------------
Get detailed reports of where cloud-init spends most of its time. See
:ref:`boot_time_analysis` for more info.
* **blame** Report ordered by most costly operations.
* **dump** Machine-readable JSON dump of all cloud-init tracked events.
* **show** show time-ordered report of the cost of operations during each
boot stage.
.. _cli_devel:
cloud-init devel
----------------
Collection of development tools under active development. These tools will
likely be promoted to top-level subcommands when stable.
* ``cloud-init devel schema``: A **#cloud-config** format and schema
validator. It accepts a cloud-config yaml file and annotates potential
schema errors locally without the need for deployment. Schema
validation is work in progress and supports a subset of cloud-config
modules.
.. _cli_clean:
cloud-init clean
----------------
Remove cloud-init artifacts from /var/lib/cloud and optionally reboot the
machine to so cloud-init re-runs all stages as it did on first boot.
* **--logs**: Optionally remove /var/log/cloud-init*log files.
* **--reboot**: Reboot the system after removing artifacts.
.. _cli_init:
cloud-init init
---------------
Generally run by OS init systems to execute cloud-init's stages
*init* and *init-local*. See :ref:`boot_stages` for more info.
Can be run on the commandline, but is generally gated to run only once
due to semaphores in **/var/lib/cloud/instance/sem/** and
**/var/lib/cloud/sem**.
* **--local**: Run *init-local* stage instead of *init*.
.. _cli_modules:
cloud-init modules
------------------
Generally run by OS init systems to execute *modules:config* and
*modules:final* boot stages. This executes cloud config :ref:`modules`
configured to run in the init, config and final stages. The modules are
declared to run in various boot stages in the file
**/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg** under keys **cloud_init_modules**,
**cloud_init_modules** and **cloud_init_modules**. Can be run on the
commandline, but each module is gated to run only once due to semaphores
in ``/var/lib/cloud/``.
* **--mode (init|config|final)**: Run *modules:init*, *modules:config* or
*modules:final* cloud-init stages. See :ref:`boot_stages` for more info.
.. _cli_single:
cloud-init single
-----------------
Attempt to run a single named cloud config module. The following example
re-runs the cc_set_hostname module ignoring the module default frequency
of once-per-instance:
* **--name**: The cloud-config module name to run
* **--frequency**: Optionally override the declared module frequency
with one of (always|once-per-instance|once)
.. code-block:: shell-session
% cloud-init single --name set_hostname --frequency always
**Note**: Mileage may vary trying to re-run each cloud-config module, as
some are not idempotent.
.. _Cloud-init: https://launchpad.net/cloud-init
.. vi: textwidth=78
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