Add incremental RST-to-MyST swap mechanism (#1857)

* feat: add swap_sources.py for incremental RST-to-MyST migration

Pre-build swap/restore script that renames md-{name}.md → {name}.md
before Sphinx builds and restores after. Includes state tracking,
exclude file generation, collision detection, and partial-failure
rollback. 10 tests cover all specified behaviors plus rollback path.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* feat: add import_myst.py for importing MyST files from myst/* branches

Adds scripts/import_myst.py with import_page, git_show, list_myst_files,
list_rst_files, and do_import. Imported files are written as md-{name}.md
alongside existing RST files; importing is decoupled from swap activation.

Adds tests/test_import_myst.py covering single-page write, identical-skip,
warn-on-different-without-force, force-overwrite, and nested-path creation.
All 5 tests pass on Python 3.9.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* feat: add MyST swap exclude patterns and directive config to conf.py

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* feat: add swap-wrapped rendering targets to Makefile

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* feat: add swap pre/post build hooks for ReadTheDocs

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* feat: add empty _swap.txt, remove atexit from swap script

The atexit handler in --swap mode caused immediate restore on process
exit, breaking standalone usage. Makefile trap and RTD post_build
handle restore reliably.

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* feat: activate quick-start as MyST canary via swap mechanism

Imports docs/md-quick-start.md from origin/myst/current and adds
quick-start to docs/_swap.txt. Validates the swap pipeline end-to-end
on one page: import_myst pulls the MD via git show, swap_sources
renames md-quick-start.md to quick-start.md, sphinx-build renders
quick-start.html with zero MD-specific warnings, and restore reverses
the rename cleanly.

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* feat: activate 106 visual-validated canaries via swap

Imports 105 MD files (plus quick-start already present) from
origin/myst/current and adds them to docs/_swap.txt. The selection
is the BackstopJS visual-passers cohort: pages with <5% rendered
diff vs the live RST docs at docs.vyos.io/en/latest/, filtered to
those with an RST counterpart on current and no cmdincludemd usage
(template-format reconciliation pending).

Local sphinx-build with all 106 swapped: succeeded with 100
warnings (vs 95 baseline). The 5 new warnings are all undefined
cross-reference labels, not build failures:
- contributing/development.md (missing 'coding-guidelines')
- operation/upgrade-recovery.md (3 missing 'how_it_works' /
  'cancelling_recovery')
- vpp/configuration/dataplane/{buffers,memory,unix}.md (missing
  'vpp_config_dataplane_*' labels)

Source list: ~/.claude/projects/-Users-vybot-GitHub-vyos-documentation/docs/2026-04-29-myst-conversion-audit/visual-passers-under-5pct.txt
BackstopJS report: claude/gifted-hertz-74b9f9 worktree
(visual-compare/), 2026-04-23 vs vyos--1838.org.readthedocs.build.

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* fix: re-import 4 canary md-*.md files with xref label fixes

Re-imports the dash-form-corrected versions of:
- contributing/md-development.md (added (coding-guidelines)= anchor)
- operation/md-upgrade-recovery.md (3 ref renames: how_it_works /
  cancelling_recovery -> dash form)
- vpp/configuration/dataplane/md-buffers.md (vpp_config_dataplane_physmem
  -> vpp-config-dataplane-physmem)
- vpp/configuration/dataplane/md-unix.md
  (vpp_config_dataplane_interface_rx_mode
  -> vpp-config-dataplane-interface-rx-mode)

Source: origin/myst/current commit 59fbe3ea. Verified locally: clean
swap-build no longer reports any of the 5 target labels (1 of 6 —
vpp-config-hugepages — remains because system.md isn't in the canary
swap list; that anchor lives there).

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* fix: re-add 4 canary md-*.md files deleted by 242b334a

Commit 242b334a accidentally staged deletions instead of modifications
because the working tree had unprefixed *.md files left over from an
incomplete swap-restore cycle. Re-imports the same 4 files from
origin/myst/current with the xref label fixes applied:

- contributing/md-development.md       — (coding-guidelines)= anchor
- operation/md-upgrade-recovery.md     — how_it_works → how-it-works,
                                         cancelling_recovery → cancelling-recovery
- vpp/configuration/dataplane/md-buffers.md — vpp_config_dataplane_physmem
                                              → vpp-config-dataplane-physmem
- vpp/configuration/dataplane/md-unix.md   — vpp_config_dataplane_interface_rx_mode
                                              → vpp-config-dataplane-interface-rx-mode

Source: origin/myst/current commit 59fbe3ea.

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* fix: resolve remaining xref label gaps in swap-active build

Three small additions clear the cross-reference warnings tied to
underscore-vs-dash label form mismatches and the vpp-config-hugepages
reference that previously needed system.md in the canary set.

- system.rst: add .. _vpp-config-hugepages: alongside the existing
  underscore label so memory.md references resolve regardless of
  whether system.md is swap-active.
- md-lcp.md: add (vpp_config_dataplane_lcp_ignore-kernel-routes)=
  alongside dash form (carries upstream from myst/current 079fa786).
- md-memory.md: add (vpp_config_dataplane_memory)= alongside dash
  form (also from myst/current 079fa786).

Local clean swap-build with 106 canaries:
  before: 305 warnings, 8 undefined-label entries in our scope
  after:  300 warnings, 0 undefined-label entries in our scope

Remaining undefined-label warnings (release-notes, prepare_commit)
are in documentation.rst and unrelated to the canary swap mechanism.

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* fix: re-add md-lcp.md and md-memory.md (deleted by 870c9e7e)

Same disaster pattern as 242b334a: a swap-restore cycle left
unprefixed *.md files in the working tree, and the subsequent
git add staged deletions instead of modifications. Restoring the
two affected md-*.md files from origin/myst/current 079fa786
(which has the dual underscore+dash anchors needed for the
swap-active build).

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* feat: expand canaries to 114; refresh 3 with cfgcmd body fix

Adds 8 new visual-validated canaries from the post-cfgcmd-fix
BackstopJS run (2026-04-29):

- configuration/policy/as-path-list
- configuration/policy/community-list
- configuration/policy/extcommunity-list
- configuration/policy/large-community-list
- configuration/policy/local-route
- configuration/policy/prefix-list
- configuration/service/salt-minion
- configuration/system/updates

Refreshes 3 existing canaries whose MD content changed via the
cfgcmd/opcmd single-line body fix on myst/current fc19ab5c:

- configuration/firewall/global-options
- configuration/firewall/groups
- configuration/policy/route

All 11 sourced from origin/myst/current. Net: 106 -> 114 canaries.

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* fix: re-import md-cloud-init.md (block 3 fix from myst/current)

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* feat(swap): import .md files and webp transition from myst/current

Selective import from origin/myst/current (cf9c9b34):
- Add/update 255 .md files (full MyST conversion plus webp ref updates)
- Delete 175 PNG/JPG from docs/_static/images (webp twins already present)
- Delete 5 autotest topology.png (webp twins already present)

Preserved on swap (untouched):
- All .rst files (incremental swap pattern)
- conf.py, _ext/, _include/*.txt, .gitignore
- 115 canary md-*.md files
- 7 superpowers/specs/*.md design docs
- Logos vyos-logo.png / vyos-logo-icon.png (referenced by conf.py)

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* chore(swap): remove canary md-*.md files and docs/superpowers

- Remove 115 canary md-*.md files (incremental swap helpers no longer needed)
- Remove 8 files under docs/superpowers (project planning/design docs that
  shouldn't ship in the documentation tree)

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* docs: address Copilot review feedback on imported MyST pages

Fix issues flagged by Copilot review on PR #1857 (the same content lives
in myst/current as the canonical source):

Real bugs:
- site-2-site-cisco.md: replace curly quote (U+2019) with ASCII apostrophe
- rsa-keys.md: fix typo "key-pair nam>>" → "key-pair name>"
- vmware.md: lowercase admonition directive (:::{NOTE} → :::{note})
- vpp/configuration/nat/index.md: remove blank line inside {include} fence

Grammar:
- vpp/configuration/interfaces/loopback.md: "bounded" → "bound"
- vpp/configuration/sflow.md: "VyOS support" → "VyOS supports"
- vpp/requirements.md: "bypass" → "bypasses"
- vpp/configuration/dataplane/interface.md: "configures" → "configure"

CI linter (IP addresses):
- nmp.md: wrap 8.8.8.8 example with stop/start_vyoslinter
- lac-lns.md: wrap LNS config block (contains 8.8.8.8)
- wan-load-balancing.md: wrap whole file (illustrative non-RFC IPs)
- policy/examples.md: replace 192.0.1.1 with RFC 5737 192.0.2.1

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* fix(swap): address Copilot review feedback on swap infrastructure

Category D — drop obsolete canary mechanism settings:
- conf.py: remove '**/md-*.md' from exclude_patterns (no canaries left)
- Makefile: replace malformed '*/_build/*' with '$(BUILDDIR)/**' and drop
  the '*/md-*' ignore (canary files no longer exist)

Category C — script robustness:
- import_myst.py:
  * list_myst_files() now raises SystemExit on git ls-tree failure instead
    of silently returning [] (would have masked typo'd --source refs)
  * list_rst_files() skips _build/ when scanning for .rst stems
  * import_page() rejects stems containing '..' or absolute paths and
    re-checks that the resolved destination stays under docs_dir
  * --dry-run uses a separate "would_import" counter; summary line now
    distinguishes dry-run from actual imports
- swap_sources.py:
  * parse_swap_list() reads with explicit encoding='utf-8'
  * do_restore() validates state file version + entry shape before
    renaming files; raises with actionable message on corruption
  * State file reads/writes use explicit encoding='utf-8' throughout

_swap.txt:
- Wrap long comment line to satisfy 80-character doc-linter limit

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* refactor(swap): rename imported .md files to md- prefix for swap mechanism

Restore the canary file naming convention that swap_sources.py expects:
the imported MyST pages now live as docs/<dir>/md-<name>.md alongside
the existing docs/<dir>/<name>.rst, so swap_sources.py --swap can rename
them into place at build time.

- 254 .md files renamed (every page with a matching .rst counterpart)
- 2 MyST-only pages left at their final names (no .rst exists, no swap
  needed): docs/copyright.md, docs/automation/terraform/terraformvyos.md

All 114 stems listed in docs/_swap.txt now have a corresponding
md-<name>.md source file ready to swap in.

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* docs: address CodeRabbit review feedback on imported MyST pages

Fix issues flagged by CodeRabbit on PR #1857. All issues are pre-existing
in the upstream RST docs and inherited by the MyST conversion.

Real bugs:
- inter-vrf-routing-vrf-lite.md: invalid IPv6 next-hop "2001:db8::*" →
  "2001:db8::1"
- ipsec-pa-route-based.md: vendor mislabel "Cisco" → "Palo Alto"
  (header on line 39 and "Monitoring on Cisco side" section heading)
- bgp-ipv6-unnumbered.md: AS number mismatch between configuration and
  verification output for both routers (Router A: 65020 → 64496;
  Router B: 65021 → 64499)
- qos.md: class 30 used "match ADDRESS20" instead of ADDRESS30 — broke
  the documented pattern (classes 10/20/30 → ADDRESS10/20/30)

Security:
- OpenVPN_with_LDAP.md: redact full PEM private key material from the
  three "set pki ... private key '...'" lines and from the embedded
  OpenVPN client <key> block; replace with <REDACTED> / ...REDACTED...
  placeholders. Public certificates retained.

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* feat(swap): default to serving MyST for all swapped pages

Replace the previously-curated 114-stem _swap.txt with the full set of
254 imported md-prefixed pages, so MD is served by default at build
time. To revert any specific page back to RST, remove its stem from
_swap.txt (or comment it out).

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* fix(ext): handle RST fallback in CmdInclude when _renderer absent

`cmdincludemd` is in `myst_fence_as_directive`, so MyST routes
fence blocks through `render_fence → render_restructuredtext →
MockRSTParser`. In that path `self.state` is a plain docutils Body
with no `_renderer`, crashing the build.

Fall back to `nested_parse` when `_renderer` is unavailable so the
directive works in both MyST and RST/MockRSTParser contexts.

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* feat(conf): copy .md sources into HTML output for plain-text serving

Adds a build-finished hook that mirrors every .md file from the Sphinx
source tree into the HTML output directory verbatim, making unrendered
MyST sources accessible alongside HTML renders at the same URL path.

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* docs: address review feedback from PR #1857

Fix conversion artifacts, typos, grammar errors, and technical
inaccuracies flagged by automated code review (Copilot + CodeRabbit).

Infrastructure: add root-level md-*.md exclusion to conf.py,
fix sphinx-autobuild ignore globs in Makefile.

Content: fix curly quotes, invalid Go panic() calls, shell quoting
in cURL examples, incorrect firewall command paths, typos across
22 documentation files, remove duplicate sections.

🤖 Generated by [robots](https://vyos.io)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

1 files changed, 373 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/docs/configuration/interfaces/md-vxlan.md b/docs/configuration/interfaces/md-vxlan.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8dae75ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configuration/interfaces/md-vxlan.md
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+---
+lastproofread: '2026-03-16'
+---
+
+(vxlan-interface)=
+
+# VXLAN
+
+{abbr}`VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN)` is a network virtualization technology
+that addresses scalability challenges in large cloud computing environments.
+It encapsulates Ethernet frames (Layer 2) within UDP datagrams (Layer 4), which
+are then transmitted via UDP port 4789, as assigned by IANA. VXLAN endpoints,
+called {abbr}`VTEPs (VXLAN tunnel endpoints)`, terminate VXLAN tunnels and can
+be either virtual or physical switch ports.
+
+VXLAN supports up to 16 million logical networks and enables Layer 2 adjacency
+across Layer 3 IP networks. It uses multicast or unicast with head-end
+replication (HER) to flood broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast (BUM)
+traffic.
+
+The VXLAN specification was initially developed by VMware, Arista Networks, and
+Cisco. Other supporters include Huawei, Broadcom, Citrix, Pica8, Big Switch
+Networks, Cumulus Networks, Dell EMC, Ericsson, Mellanox, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Red
+Hat, Joyent, and Juniper Networks.
+
+VXLAN is officially documented by the IETF in {rfc}`7348`.
+
+When configuring VXLAN in a VyOS virtual machine, ensure that MAC spoofing
+(Hyper-V) or Forged Transmits (ESX) are permitted. Otherwise, the hypervisor
+may block forwarded frames.
+
+:::{note}
+Although the IANA-assigned VXLAN port is **4789**, VyOS uses the
+Linux default UDP port **8472** for VXLAN interfaces. To ensure compatibility
+with other vendors, set the port to the IANA standard **4789**.
+:::
+
+## Configuration
+
+### Common interface configuration
+
+```{cmdincludemd} /_include/interface-common-without-dhcp.txt
+:var0: vxlan
+:var1: vxlan0
+```
+
+
+### VXLAN-specific options
+
+```{cfgcmd} set interfaces vxlan \<interface\> vni \<number\>
+
+**Configure a** {abbr}`VNI (VXLAN Network Identifier)` **for the VXLAN
+interface.**
+
+Each VXLAN segment is identified by this 24-bit VNI, allowing up to 16 million
+segments to coexist within the same administrative domain.
+```
+
+```{cfgcmd} set interfaces vxlan \<interface\> port \<port\>
+
+Configure the UDP port of the remote VXLAN endpoint.
+
+:::{note}
+Although the IANA-assigned VXLAN port is **4789**, VyOS uses the
+Linux default UDP port **8472** for VXLAN interfaces.
+:::
+```
+
+```{cfgcmd} set interfaces vxlan \<interface\> source-address \<address\>
+
+Configure the source IP address for the VXLAN underlay.
+
+:::{warning}
+This setting is mandatory when deploying VXLAN via L2VPN/EVPN.
+:::
+```
+
+```{cfgcmd} set interfaces vxlan \<interface\> gpe
+
+**Enable the** {abbr}`GPE (Generic Protocol Extension)` **for the VXLAN
+interface.**
+
+To use this feature, you must configure the interface with the ``external``
+parameter.
+```
+
+```{cfgcmd} set interfaces vxlan \<interface\> parameters external
+
+**Configure the VXLAN interface to use an external control plane, such as BGP
+L2VPN/EVPN, for remote endpoint discovery.**
+
+If not configured, the internal {abbr}`FDB (Forwarding Database)` is used.
+```
+
+```{cfgcmd} set interfaces vxlan \<interface\> parameters neighbor-suppress
+
+**Enable ARP and ND suppression on the VXLAN interface.**
+
+This reduces ARP and ND message flooding across the VXLAN network. As defined
+in {rfc}`7432#section-10`, participating VTEPs use known MAC-to-IP bindings
+to reply to local requests on behalf of remote hosts.
+```
+
+```{cfgcmd} set interfaces vxlan \<interface\> parameters nolearning
+
+Disable {abbr}`SLLA (Source Link-Layer Address)` and IP address learning on
+the VXLAN interface.
+```
+
+```{cfgcmd} set interfaces vxlan \<interface\> parameters vni-filter
+
+**Enable** {abbr}`VNI (VXLAN Network Identifier)` **filtering on the VXLAN
+interface.**
+
+When enabled, the interface only receives packets with VNIs configured in its
+VNI filtering table.
+
+:::{note}
+VNI filtering works only if the interface is configured with the
+``external`` parameter.
+:::
+```
+
+
+#### Unicast
+
+```{cfgcmd} set interfaces vxlan \<interface\> remote \<address\>
+
+**Configure the IPv4 or IPv6 address of the remote VTEP.**
+
+Unlike multicast setups, this command allows you to directly configure the
+remote IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+```
+
+
+#### Multicast
+
+```{cfgcmd} set interfaces vxlan \<interface\> source-interface \<interface\>
+
+**Configure the source interface for the VXLAN underlay.**
+
+All VXLAN traffic is sent and received through the specified interface.
+This setting is mandatory when deploying VXLAN over a multicast network.
+```
+
+```{cfgcmd} set interfaces vxlan \<interface\> group \<address\>
+
+**Configure the IPv4 or IPv6 multicast group address for the VXLAN interface.**
+
+VXLAN tunnels can be built using either multicast group or unicast IP addresses.
+```
+
+
+## Multicast VXLAN
+
+Topology: PC4 - Leaf2 - Spine1 - Leaf3 - PC5
+
+PC4 uses the IP address `10.0.0.4/24`, and PC5 uses the IP address
+`10.0.0.5/24`. Both devices assume they reside within the same broadcast
+domain.
+
+Assume PC4 on Leaf2 pings PC5 on Leaf3. Rather than manually specifying Leaf3
+as the remote endpoint, Leaf2 encapsulates the packet into a UDP datagram and
+sends it to the designated multicast address via Spine1. Spine1 forwards the
+packet to all leaves in the same multicast group, including Leaf3. Upon
+receiving the datagram, Leaf3 forwards it to PC5 and learns that PC4 is
+reachable through Leaf2 by inspecting the source IP in the encapsulated
+datagram.
+
+PC5 receives the ping and responds with an echo reply. Leaf3, now aware of
+PC4's location, forwards the reply directly to Leaf2's unicast address. Upon
+receiving the echo reply, Leaf2 learns that PC5 is reachable through Leaf3.
+
+After this discovery, subsequent traffic between PC4 and PC5 will not use the
+multicast address between the leaves, as both leaves have learned the PCs'
+locations. This reduces multicast traffic and network load, improving
+scalability as more leaves are added.
+
+## Single VXLAN device (SVD)
+
+In VyOS, you can configure multiple **VLAN-to-VNI mappings** for EVPN-VXLAN on
+a single container interface, known as a single VXLAN device (SVD). This
+enables significant VNI scaling because a separate VXLAN interface is not
+required for each VNI.
+
+```{cfgcmd} set interfaces vxlan \<interface\> vlan-to-vni \<vlan\> vni \<vni\>
+
+**Map a VLAN ID to a VNI on the specified VXLAN interface.**
+
+The VXLAN interface can be added to a bridge.
+
+The following example shows an SVD configuration with multiple VLAN-to-VNI
+mappings.
+
+:::{code-block} none
+set interfaces bridge br0 member interface vxlan0
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan0 parameters external
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan0 source-interface 'dum0'
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan0 vlan-to-vni 10 vni '10010'
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan0 vlan-to-vni 11 vni '10011'
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan0 vlan-to-vni 30 vni '10030'
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan0 vlan-to-vni 31 vni '10031'
+:::
+```
+
+
+### Example
+
+The following example demonstrates a multicast VXLAN deployment.
+
+The setup includes three routers: Spine1, a Cisco IOS router, and Leaf2 and
+Leaf3, which are VyOS routers.
+
+**Topology:**  Leaf2 - Spine1 - Leaf3.
+
+The topology is built using GNS3.
+
+```none
+Spine1:
+fa0/2 towards Leaf2, IP-address: 10.1.2.1/24
+fa0/3 towards Leaf3, IP-address: 10.1.3.1/24
+
+Leaf2:
+Eth0 towards Spine1, IP-address: 10.1.2.2/24
+Eth1 towards a VLAN-aware switch
+
+Leaf3:
+Eth0 towards Spine1, IP-address 10.1.3.3/24
+Eth1 towards a VLAN-aware switch
+```
+
+**Spine1 configuration:**
+
+```none
+conf t
+ip multicast-routing
+!
+interface fastethernet0/2
+ ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
+ ip pim sparse-dense-mode
+!
+interface fastethernet0/3
+ ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
+ ip pim sparse-dense-mode
+!
+router ospf 1
+ network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
+```
+
+Multicast routing is required for scalable traffic forwarding between leaves.
+{abbr}`PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast)` must be enabled towards the leaves
+so the spine can learn from which multicast groups each leaf expects traffic.
+
+**Leaf2 configuration:**
+
+```none
+set interfaces ethernet eth0 address '10.1.2.2/24'
+set protocols ospf area 0 network '10.0.0.0/8'
+
+! First VXLAN interface
+set interfaces bridge br241 address '172.16.241.1/24'
+set interfaces bridge br241 member interface 'eth1.241'
+set interfaces bridge br241 member interface 'vxlan241'
+
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 group '239.0.0.241'
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 source-interface 'eth0'
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 vni '241'
+
+! Second VXLAN interface
+set interfaces bridge br242 address '172.16.242.1/24'
+set interfaces bridge br242 member interface 'eth1.242'
+set interfaces bridge br242 member interface 'vxlan242'
+
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 group '239.0.0.242'
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 source-interface 'eth0'
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 vni '242'
+```
+
+**Leaf3 configuration:**
+
+```none
+set interfaces ethernet eth0 address '10.1.3.3/24'
+set protocols ospf area 0 network '10.0.0.0/8'
+
+! First VXLAN interface
+set interfaces bridge br241 address '172.16.241.1/24'
+set interfaces bridge br241 member interface 'eth1.241'
+set interfaces bridge br241 member interface 'vxlan241'
+
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 group '239.0.0.241'
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 source-interface 'eth0'
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 vni '241'
+
+! Second VXLAN interface
+set interfaces bridge br242 address '172.16.242.1/24'
+set interfaces bridge br242 member interface 'eth1.242'
+set interfaces bridge br242 member interface 'vxlan242'
+
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 group '239.0.0.242'
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 source-interface 'eth0'
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan242 vni '242'
+```
+
+The configurations for Leaf2 and Leaf3 are nearly identical. Detailed
+explanations for each command are provided below.
+
+```none
+set interfaces bridge br241 address '172.16.241.1/24'
+```
+
+This command creates a bridge to bind traffic on `eth1` VLAN 241 with the
+`vxlan241` interface. The IP address is optional. If configured, it can serve
+as the default gateway for each leaf, allowing devices on the VLAN to reach
+other subnets. Subnets must be redistributed by {abbr}`OSPF (Open Shortest Path
+First)` so the spine can learn how to reach them. To advertise `172.16/12`
+networks, change the {abbr}`OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)` network from
+`10.0.0.0/8` to `0.0.0.0/0`.
+
+```none
+set interfaces bridge br241 member interface 'eth1.241'
+set interfaces bridge br241 member interface 'vxlan241'
+```
+
+These commands bind `eth1.241` and `vxlan241` as member interfaces of the
+same bridge.
+
+```none
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 group '239.0.0.241'
+```
+
+This command configures the multicast group used by all leaves for this VLAN
+extension. It must be the same on all leaves that have this interface.
+
+```none
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 source-interface 'eth0'
+```
+
+This command configures the interface that listens for multicast packets. It
+can also be a loopback interface.
+
+```none
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 vni '241'
+```
+
+This command configures the unique ID for the VXLAN interface.
+
+```none
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 port 12345
+```
+
+VyOS uses the Linux default UDP port **8472** for VXLAN interfaces. This
+command allows you to configure a different UDP port.
+
+## Unicast VXLAN
+
+As an alternative to multicast, you can configure the VXLAN tunnel by
+specifying the remote IPv4 address directly. The following updates the previous
+multicast example:
+
+```none
+# leaf2 and leaf3
+delete interfaces vxlan vxlan241 group '239.0.0.241'
+delete interfaces vxlan vxlan241 source-interface 'eth0'
+
+# leaf2
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 remote 10.1.3.3
+
+# leaf3
+set interfaces vxlan vxlan241 remote 10.1.2.2
+```
+
+The default UDP port is 8472. To configure a different port, use `set
+interfaces vxlan <vxlanN> port <port>`.