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:lastproofread: 2026-03-16
.. _command-scripting:
Command scripting
=================
VyOS supports executing configuration and operational commands non-interactively
from shell scripts.
To include VyOS-specific functions and aliases, source the
``/opt/vyatta/etc/functions/script-template`` file at the beginning of your
script.
.. code-block:: none
#!/bin/vbash
source /opt/vyatta/etc/functions/script-template
exit
Script execute permissions
--------------------------
Simply placing script files in ``/config/scripts/`` does not mean the system
can execute them.
To make your scripts executable, grant them **execute permissions**. Use the
following command:
.. code-block:: none
chmod +x /config/scripts/script-name.sh
Run configuration commands
--------------------------
In scripts, present configuration commands as in a standard configuration
session.
For example, to disable a BGP peer during a VRRP transition to the backup
state, use the following syntax:
.. code-block:: none
#!/bin/vbash
source /opt/vyatta/etc/functions/script-template
configure
set protocols bgp system-as 65536
set protocols bgp neighbor 192.168.2.1 shutdown
commit
exit
Run operational commands
------------------------
In scripts, **always** prefix operational commands with ``run``.
.. code-block:: none
#!/bin/vbash
source /opt/vyatta/etc/functions/script-template
run show interfaces
exit
Run commands remotely
---------------------
You can execute multiple **operational commands** on a remote VyOS system by
passing a script block over SSH.
.. code-block:: none
ssh 192.0.2.1 'vbash -s' <<EOF
source /opt/vyatta/etc/functions/script-template
run show interfaces
exit
EOF
Example output:
.. code-block:: none
Welcome to VyOS
Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down
Interface IP Address S/L Description
--------- ---------- --- -----------
eth0 192.0.2.1/24 u/u
lo 127.0.0.1/8 u/u
::1/128
Other script languages
----------------------
If you use a scripting language other than bash, configure your script to
output the relevant commands, and then source that output into a bash script.
The following example demonstrates this two-step process:
.. code-block:: python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
print("delete firewall group address-group somehosts")
print("set firewall group address-group somehosts address '192.0.2.3'")
print("set firewall group address-group somehosts address '203.0.113.55'")
.. code-block:: none
#!/bin/vbash
source /opt/vyatta/etc/functions/script-template
configure
source <(/config/scripts/setfirewallgroup.py)
commit
Execute configuration scripts
-------------------------------
In Linux, it is common practice to prefix system commands with ``sudo``.
In VyOS, if you prefix a script that modifies the configuration with ``sudo``
(see the code snippet below), subsequent manual configuration changes fail with
the ``Set failed`` error. Recovery requires a system reboot.
.. code-block:: none
sudo ./myscript.sh # Modifies config
configure
set ... # Any configuration parameter
To avoid this issue, run scripts under the ``vyattacfg`` group using the ``sg``
command:
.. code-block:: none
sg vyattacfg -c ./myscript.sh
To ensure the script is executed under the ``vyattacfg`` group, safeguard it as
follows:
.. code-block:: none
if [ "$(id -g -n)" != 'vyattacfg' ] ; then
exec sg vyattacfg -c "/bin/vbash $(readlink -f $0) $@"
fi
Executing pre-hooks/post-hooks scripts
--------------------------------------
VyOS allows you to run custom scripts **before** and **after** each commit.
Place your custom scripts in the following default directories:
.. code-block:: none
/config/scripts/commit/pre-hooks.d - Directory with scripts that run before
each commit.
/config/scripts/commit/post-hooks.d - Directory with scripts that run after
each commit.
Scripts run in alphabetical order. Filenames must consist only of ASCII letters
(upper and lowercase), digits (0-9), underscores (_), and hyphens (-). No other
characters are allowed.
.. note:: Custom scripts are executed **without** root privileges. Prefix
specific commands with ``sudo`` in your script when required.
The following example shows the output after executing a post-hook script
that runs the ``show interfaces`` command:
.. code-block:: none
vyos@vyos# set interfaces ethernet eth1 address 192.0.2.3/24
vyos@vyos# commit
Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down
Interface IP Address S/L Description
--------- ---------- --- -----------
eth0 198.51.100.10/24 u/u
eth1 192.0.2.3/24 u/u
eth2 - u/u
eth3 - u/u
lo 203.0.113.5/24 u/u
Preconfig script on boot
------------------------
VyOS runs ``/config/scripts/vyos-preconfig-bootup.script`` at boot, **before**
the system configuration is applied.
Use this script to apply **pre-configuration** workarounds for unresolved bugs
or enhancements not yet available in VyOS.
The default script contains the following:
.. code-block:: none
#!/bin/sh
# This script is executed at boot time before VyOS configuration is applied.
# Any modifications required to work around unfixed bugs or use
# services not available through the VyOS CLI system can be placed here.
Postconfig script on boot
-------------------------
VyOS runs ``/config/scripts/vyos-postconfig-bootup.script`` at boot, **after**
the system configuration is applied.
Use this script to apply **post-configuration** workarounds for unresolved bugs
or enhancements not yet available in VyOS.
The default script contains the following:
.. code-block:: none
#!/bin/sh
# This script is executed at boot time after VyOS configuration is fully
# applied. Any modifications required to work around unfixed bugs or use
# services not available through the VyOS CLI system can be placed here.
.. warning:: For configuration or upgrade management issues, modify this script
only as a last resort. Always try CLI-based solutions first.
|
